Question

“Hi，howareya.” some people say when they see a familiar face.The words run together into a mass，all sense and meaning lost. All the same，people do care how you are.After they greet you，it’s likely you will greet them back，with an equally meaningless phrase like，“Can’t complain，can’t complain.”You could probably complain，at length，or share a brilliant thought you were just beginning when a greeting interrupted you.You don’t though，you say，“Great，you？”
You are not giving each other information about your health and well­being.All the same，you are sharing information.You’re acknowledging each other’s positions as acknowledged friends，or at least as accepted acquaintances.And you are reestablishing the ties that may have lapsed(衰退) since yesterday，when you last met at the elevator or the entrance to the train station.
It’s what anthropologist(人類學(xué)家) Bronislaw Malinoski called a phatic(交流感情的) communication.Its message is not in the words you use，but in the fact that you speak ritually(儀式上地) accepted words.In Asia，for example，people may ask one another if they have eaten，or if they are busy.They’re not really asking for their lunch menu or their agenda，they are saying hello.A phatic signal merely says, “I see you there.” It says hi.
There’s embarrassment of being near people without acknowledging them.That uncomfortable feeling is one reason why lonely passengers in the subway may behave as if they cannot see anyone around them or may escape their uncomfortable situation with a book.Some people read all the way home，and never turn a page.
Your friend isn’t asking how you are，and you aren’t telling him.However，he is recognizing your existence，and when you answer，you are recognizing his.In addition，the set speech you have shared opens the door to closer communications if both agree.Someday，you may come to real close friendship，and really tell one another how you are.
Meanwhile，people who greet one another this way do care.They care enough to recognize someone’s essential humanity(人性)．They send a signal across the space between，to share，very briefly and lightly，in awareness of one another.
Your greetings prove that neither of you has become a social outcast.How are you？You are still a member of society in good status.You are still the one who knows the rituals and secret passwords necessary to get to work each day.
小題1:When people greet，they ________.

A．want to show their different educational backgrounds

B．show nothing related with the words themselves

C．want to know other people’s privacy

D．express something special

小題2:According to Bronislaw Malinoski，a phatic communication ________.

A．is rarely used by Asian people

B．is too complex to be used often

C．helps establish or keep certain relationships

D．often ruins the normal relationships between friends or acquaintances

小題3:Some people seldom greet strangers because ________.

A．they want to be polite to others

B．they feel uncomfortable to do it

C．they don’t know when to greet them

D．they want to do something meaningful

小題4:What does the text mainly tell us?

A．Greetings should be given better expressions.

B．Greetings convey different meanings to different people.

C．Greetings help prove an individual’s social independence.

D．Greetings help an individual be connected with the society.

Answer 1

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:D

小題1:B
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們見面打招呼時(shí)的用語僅是人們之間交流的一種方式，沒有實(shí)際的含義。
小題2:　C
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二、三段可知，Bronislaw Malinoski所提到的“a phatic communication”指的是在交際中所使用的語言，沒有特定含義，而僅是一種交際方式。這種方式可以幫助建立或鞏固一定的人際關(guān)系。
小題3:　B
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“There’s embarrassment of being near people without acknowledging them.”和下文所舉的例子可知，有些人不愿意和陌生人打招呼，因?yàn)槟菢訒?huì)讓他們感覺很尷尬、不舒服。
小題4:D
解析　主旨大意題。文章對打招呼用語進(jìn)行了介紹，認(rèn)為一些用語并沒有實(shí)際含義，僅是被用來建立或者維持人們之間的關(guān)系，使人們能更好地融入社會(huì)。