There is an old saying in English： "Laughter is the best medicine". Until recently, few people took the saying very seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to investigate laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found evidence that laughter really can improve people's health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films, while doctors checked their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing； it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be capable of reducing the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group which tolerated the pain for the longest time was 'the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce endorphins （內(nèi)啡肽） in the brain. These are natural chemicals which diminish both stress and pain.
There is also some evidence to suggest that laughter helps the body's immune(免疫的)system, that is, the system which fights infection. In an experiment, one group of students watched a funny video while another group served as the control group - in other words, a group with which to compare the first group. Doctors checked the blood of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that watched the video had an increase in the activity of their white blood cells, that is, the cells which fight infection.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors and psychiatrists （精神病學(xué)家） in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
小題1: We learn from the first paragraph that laughter____________________.
A．is good for one's health
B．is related to some illness
C．has been investigated long since
D．has no effect on the body
小題2:Doctors have found that laughter_______________________.
A．keeps down blood pressure.
B．has similar effects to physical exercise
C．decreases the heart rate
D．increases stress
小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT true of laughter, according to the passage?
A．It reduces pain.
B．It exercises the body.
C．It improves the body's immune system.
D．It can cure cancer.
小題4:The writer's attitude towards laughter is__________.
A．critical
B．doubtful
C．positive
D．negative

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:C

小題1:根據(jù)文章開頭的諺語"Laughter is the best medicine".可知答案是A。
小題2:根據(jù)第二段中的“It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise.”可知答案B。
小題3:根據(jù)文章第三、四段可知A、B、C三項(xiàng)正確，而D項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)化了。笑對(duì)身體有好處，但是不能治好疾病，只能起緩減疼痛的作用。
小題4:根據(jù)文章介紹笑是良藥，而且能減輕病人的痛苦，能夠鍛煉身體并提高人的免疫能力，所以說作者是持肯定，積極的（positive）態(tài)度。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Most of us think that when we step under a shower we’re getting clean．We are, but we’re also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didn’t even know about．
A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria (細(xì)菌) called Mycobacterium．These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness (身體不舒服)．When you turn on the water, the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body．
This is a finding of Norman R．Pace and his team at the University of Colorado, in the US．The scientists investigated bacteria in all kinds of human environment, including showers．
Pace's team looked at 45 showerheads in nine American cities．They discovered that 30 percent of them had large amounts of flying Mycobacterium．
But Pace said that they pose few threats to the health．Only those with a frail (脆弱的) immune (免疫的) system might need to worry．
He told the New York Times that the bactertia are not as unpleasant as might be thought．He said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morning．
But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms (微生物), he had some advice．
Let the water run for 30 seconds before getting into the shower．Why? The number of bacteria is smaller than when the water is just turned on．If that seems like a waste of water, he added that you could also change your showerhead every few months．
But Pace had good news too．He has also been testing the air in US subways．Apart from iron particles (粒子), which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains, subway air is fresh．The reason is that a train’s movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels(隧道)．
Pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial(微生物的) environments of public places．This kind of knowledge might help detect the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist (生物恐怖分子) attack．
49．According to the finding of Norman R．Pace, after taking a shower, we might ______．
A．get much dirtier                B．be covered by bacteria
C．get a frail immune system      D．catch a cough or feel tired
50．Pace’s research into showers shows that ______．
A．there is no reason to fear microorganism
B．shower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30 second
C．having a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other time
D．of 45 showerheads surveyed in nine cities, 30 carried large amounts of Mycobacterium
51．According to the research of Pace’s team, which of the following contributes to fresh air in US subways?
A．Train wheels．               B．Iron particles．
C．The movement of the trains． D．Air conditioners on the trains．
52．The word “detect” in the last paragraph probably means “______”．
A．to discover      B．to protect        C．to make   D．to prevent

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

It seems parents have long been right. Going to bed early is key to getting enough sleep and helping adolescents feel on top of the world, a new study reported.
A   1  of sleep among youngsters may    2  depression and suicidal (自殺的)thoughts, according to the study by the Columbia University Medical Center.
"Our results are   3  with the theory that inadequate sleep is a risk factor for depression, working with other   4  and protective factors through multiple possible causal pathways to the development of this   5  disorder," said lead author James Gangwisch.
"  6  quality sleep could therefore be a preventative measure against   7  and a treatment for depression," he added in the study   8  in the Friday issue of Sleep magazine.
The study followed the nightly habits of some 15,659 college and high-school students, and   9  those who consistently went to bed   10  midnight had a 24 percent higher risk of depression than those who turned in before 10:00 pm.
Night owls（夜貓子）also ran a 20 percent   11  risk of battling suicidal thoughts, the study added.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine   12  that adolescents should sleep at least nine hours or more a night. Those who were tucked in before 10:00 pm reported they slept    13  about eight hours and 10 minutes.
But that amount of sleep  14  significantly for those in bed after midnight.
And adolescents who slept five hours or less a night were 71 percent more   15  to suffer depression and 48 percent more     16  becoming suicidal, the study said.
"It is a common perception and societal   17  that adolescents do not need as much sleep as pre-adolescents, yet studies suggest that adolescents may  18  require more sleep," said Gangwisch.
"Studies have found that adolescents do not go to bed   19  enough to make up for earlier school start times, and transitions to earlier school start times have been shown to be   20  with significant sleep deprivation（剝奪）. "
(    ) 1. A. night                B. moderation       C. limit                D. lack
(    ) 2. A. result in           B. lie in                C. come about       D. bring in
(    ) 3. A. opposed           B. mixed              C. related              D. consistent
(    ) 4. A. risk                  B. chance              C. potential           D. reason
(    ) 5. A. mood                      B. body                C. feeling             D. mind
(    ) 6. A. little                B. lack                 C. Adequate          D. over
(    ) 7. A. suffering          B. depression               C. disorder            D. sadness
(    ) 8. A. reported           B. published          C. reflected           D. noted
(    ) 9. A. found                      B. investigated      C. appraised          D. supported
(    ) 10. A. before            B. from                C. by                    D. after
(    ) 11. A. lower             B. higher              C. more                D. less
(    ) 12. A. appeals           B. recommends     C. calls                 D. plans
(    ) 13. A. on average      B. in place            C. ahead of           D. in number
(    ) 14. A. increased               B. disappeared       C. strengthened     D. dropped
(    ) 15. A. likely             B. probable           C. possible            D. perhaps
(    ) 16. A. at sight of       B. at risk of          C. in front of               D. as a result of
(    ) 17. A. wish               B. expectation       C. suggestion               D. attempt
(   ) 18. A. exactly           B. immediately      C. directly            D. actually
(    ) 19. A. early              B. lately                      C. soon                 D. quickly
(    ) 20. A. separated               B. associated         C. divided             D. depended

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Want to be a happy married couple? Consider having kids．
A new study found that having children boosts happiness．And the more, literally, the merrier．
But unmarried couples shouldn’t expect to find greater happiness through child-raising．The study, published in the Oct．14 online edition of the Journal of Happiness Studies, suggests that having children has little or no effect on boosting happiness among couples who aren’t hitched(和諧)．
The findings contradict previous research that suggested that having more offspring doesn't lead to greater happiness and might even make people less satisfied with their lives．One theory behind the conclusion is that parents don’t receive many rewards in return for the hard work of raising children．
The new study, however, notes that parents say children are one of the most important things in their lives, if not the most important．
The study found that life satisfaction for married people -- women especially -- goes up the more kids they have．Single, separated and co-habiting people, by contrast, report negative experiences．
“One is tempted to advance that children make people rich under the ‘right conditions’ -- a time in life when people feel that they are ready, or at least willing, to enter parenthood,” Dr．Luis Angeles, of the University of Glasgow in Scotland, said in a news release from the journal’s publisher．“This time can come at very different moments for different individuals, but a likely signal of its approach may well be the act of marriage．”
小題1:he underlined word “offspring” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by _____．
A．generationB．childrenC．mothersD．marriage
小題2:The best title of this passage should be _______．
A．Children Are the Source of Happiness
B．Are You Happy Married Couple?
C．Married with Children Paves Way to Happiness
D．The Right Conditions of Having Children
小題3:Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A．The more children women have, the happier they are．
B．The more children the married women have, the more unsatisfied they become．
C．Raising kids can give any person happiness．
D．Without marriage, one woman had better not raise kids．
小題4:In the passage, the underlined part ‘right conditions’ refers to _______．
A．a(chǎn) time when the couple are ready and willing to become parents
B．the situation where the family is rich enough to raise a child
C．the situation where the couple are very happy
D．a(chǎn) time when the couple thinks raising children can boost happiness

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”, that’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak(最高峰). For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why it is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自語)as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” the possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature—and—energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract(對(duì)抗)your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn(呵欠)and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
小題1:If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ______.
A．he is a lazy person       
B．he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C．he is not sure when his energy is low
D he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
小題2: Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A．Not knowing about the energy cycle
B．Familiar monologues
C．A change in a family member’s energy cycle
D．Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members
小題3:If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ______.
A．change his energy cycleB．overcome his laziness
C．get up earlier than usualD．go to bed earlier
小題4:You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ______.
A．help to keep your energy for the day’s work
B．help you to control your temper early in the day
C．enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D．keep your energy cycle under control all day

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Drinking wine in moderation improves the IQ and may boost mental agility in old people,according to Japanese researchers.
A study of the effects of alcohol on the middle aged and elderly found the average IQ of men who drink wine (whether made from grapes or rice) was 3.3 points higher than that of men who do not imbibe.
Similarly,the IQ of women drinkers showed an improvement of 2.5 points over their teetotal sisters.The findings are part of an ongoing study by Japan’s National Institute for Longevity into the links between human intelligence and what we eat and drink.
The tests measured general knowledge,powers of judgment and concentration in drinkers and non-drinkers over 40,all living in Aichi prefecture,central Japan,and sharing the same income level-roughly￡50 000 a year—and educational background.All were university graduates.
But while wine-drinkers appeared to be brighter,the same was not true of those who drank deer,shochu (a local gin) and whisky.
“The benefits of wine and sake (rice wine) in raising IQ could be due to substances they contain,such as polyphenol,which are believed to slow the ageing process,” Hiroshi Shimokata,head of epidemiology research,said.
It was premature to conclude,he added,that drinking wine or sake slowed the deterioration of brain functions in the elderly,or warded off senility.The research does,however,suggest that this is one way to stay mentally alert longer.
But there is a sobering caveat:drinking too much may make you dimmer.“People who drink more than 540 milli-litres (a little over a pint) of sake or wine a day had lower intelligence quotients than those who did not drink at all,”Hiroshi Shimokata said.“Moderation is very important.”
小題1:Which one is the topic of the passage?
A．Drinking wine in a large amount improves the IQ of old people.
B．Drinking wine in a reasonable amount raises the IQ of old people.
C．Drinking wine in moderation does good to any one.
D．Drinking wine helps improve the IQ of women.
小題2:According to the passage,which of the following is NOT wrong?
A．Every wine drinker’s IQ is 3.3 points higher than that of men who don’t drink.
B．The IQ of women drinker is 2.5 points lower than that of the non-drinking women.
C．Drinking beer and whisky cannot improve one’s IQ.
D．Drinking wine can only do good to the IQ of rich old people.
小題3:The reason why wine and sake can improve IQ is that _________.
A．wine and sake have special taste
B．wine and sake can make us excited
C．wine and sake contain substances considered to slow the ageing process
D．wine and sake contain something believed to prevent us from ageing
小題4:From the text,it seems that we can conclude _________.
A．the more wine we drink,the brighter we are
B．the less wine we drink,the brighter we are
C．drinking wine less than 540ml a day,we’ll become dimmer
D．drinking wine in moderation,we’ll become brighter

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People Born in Autumn Live Longer
People born in the autumn live longer than those born in the spring and are less likely to fall chronically ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist.
Using census（人口普查）data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute in the northern German town of Rostock found the month of birth was related to life expectancy（預(yù)期壽命）over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in older age. “A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer,” said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research. “When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food, it’s in the hot weeks of summer when babies are prone (易于)to infections of the digestive system.” In Austria, adults born in autumn (October-December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April-June), and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months. In the southern hemisphere, the picture was similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn—the European spring—lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data. Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists, Doblhammer said.
But on the other hand, according to a study of more 40,000 people, those born in spring and summer report themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter. Professor Richard Wise-man who led the research explained that the temperature at the time of birth might influence the development of the brain and seasonal factors make a difference as well.
小題1:The underlined word “outlived” in the text probably means ________.
A．lived out ofB．depended on
C．had a shorter life thanD．lived longer than
小題2:The census data of the following countries is used for research EXCEPT _______.
A．Germany.B．Denmark.
C．Australia.D．Austria.
小題3:What’s the main idea of this text?
A．Nutrition at all times of the year has improved since the beginning of the 20th century.
B．In Austria, adults born in autumn (October—December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April—June).
C．People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are less likely to fall ill when they are older.
D．Babies are prone to infections of the digestive system.
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A．Infections occurring at different times of the year influence the health of a new-born baby.
B．The study focused on people born in the late 20th century.
C．A mother giving birth in spring eats less vitamins during the last phase of her pregnancy in winter.
D．What mothers ate during pregnancy could have an impact on the babies’ life expectancy in older age.
小題5:The right sentence of the following is ________.
A．The month of birth was not related to life expectancy over the age of 50.
B．A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, eating more vitamins than in summer.
C．Stopping breast-feeding and starting giving babies normal food must make babies prone to get infected with the digestive system in the hot weeks of summer.
D．Adults born in the Australian autumn―the European spring―lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you blank out or feel so nervous in exams that you have trouble writing answers to questions that you knew just last night? If so, you likely have a case of test anxiety.
But, don't be afraid. By recognizing the problem, you are taking the first step towards overcoming it.
Believe it or not, a touch of nervousness can sharpen your mind, allowing you to perform more quickly. This is because under stress, the body releases (釋放) the hormone adrenaline (腎上腺素), which prepares it for something important that will happen. However, too much anxiety can result in sleeplessness, loss of appetite（胃口）before tests, and poor performance. Some people might feel hot and tired. With great anger they often shout or complain for no reason.
If you worry a lot or are a perfectionist, you are more likely to have trouble with test anxiety. Those who have prepared poorly for a test or have had negative experiences taking tests may also experience test anxiety.
When you feel a storm of anxiety coming on, stop what you're doing and make your mind a blank. If possible, actually tell yourself to 'STOP!' This will get your mind off the stress.
Then think of being at a place of comfort and let your body relax. As you continue the test, find questions you know the answers to and answer them first. This will help restore your confidence. 
Important of all, talk to yourself using positive language. Make it a habit to replace each negative thought with a logical reason. For example: "I've studied hard and I know the material, so I'm ready to do the best I can."
Another thing you can do is to learn to accept mistakes. In fact, they can be valuable learning opportunities.
Last but not least, start test preparation early - three to five days ahead of the quiz or test. After all, good study habits and skills - for example, time management and note-taking - will give you the feeling that you are in control.
小題1: The best title of the passage is probably______
A．How to beat test anxiety.
B．What is test anxiety.
C．The effects of test anxiety.
D．Experience test anxiety will help you.
小題2:Those ______ more easily suffer from test anxiety.
A．who are not well prepared for a test.
B．who wants everything to be perfect and highest.
C．who have experiences of failure in exams.
D．who do poorly in their study.
小題3:The author mentions _____pieces of suggestions about how to get over test anxiety.
A．3B．4C．5D．6
小題4:What can we infer from the passage？
A．Mistakes sometime can be valuable and helpful.
B．Those who have prepared poorly for a test cause test anxiety easily.
C．Full test preparations will give you the feeling that you are in control.
D．A touch of anxiety can have a positive effect.
小題5:The underlined word “hot” in Paragraph3 means        .
A．disappointedB．a(chǎn)ngryC．a(chǎn)ctiveD．running a high body temperature

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Violent gangs. Bar fights. Broken bones. No, we aren’t talking about a late night in Downtown Chico; we’re talking about the things that come to many people’s minds when the word, motorcycle, is mentioned.
Many Chico State students have learned of the convenience of small motorcycles and scooters when it comes to parking on or near campus. Motorcycle parking is something that is available when compared to the amount of vacant automotive parking—something especially valuable when running a bit late for class. Motorcycle-riding students have also learned to appreciate the 50 to 80 average miles per gallon, especially today when it seems as if gasoline prices are shooting up faster and more often than a back alley addict.
Still, some people are reluctant to ride the steel horse. Marc Lewis, a 24-year-old Chico State anthropology student, is one of those people. “I’ve had motorcycles in the past. I know what they’re about. I want another one, for recreational purposes,” Lewis said. The only things holding Lewis back are insurance costs and what he refers to as “unsafe drivers”. Safety and insurance costs certainly are important factors.
Chris Kelley, employee of Cost-U-Less Insurance Center at 166 Cohasset Road, Suite 3, admits that motorcycle insurance can get pricey. The average price per month for Chico State students in their 20s is about $100, Kelley said. “The most expensive rate I’ve ever charged was something like $32,000 a year,” Kelley said. “The guy had a horrible record.”
If a motorcycle is something that you’ve always been curious about but have been frightened by the dangerous image it is often given, try rethinking your position. Motorcycling is one of the most diverse activities in existence. Consider the information you find here a brief introduction to several of the more popular aspects of motorcycle riding.
44. When it comes to motorcycles, one tends to think of ____.
A. a late night in Downtown Chico           B. the horse made of steel
C. the money paid for insurance               D. a horrible image motorcycles give
45. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?
A. It is very convenient for students to ride motorcycles.
B. The campus has enough parking place for motorcycles.
C. Students are often late for class riding motorcycles.
D. Motorcycles consume less gasoline.
46. Why are some people unwilling to ride the steel horse?
A. Because they often have their bones broken.
B. Because they are worried about the costly insurance and safety problems.
C. Because they have to pay for the pricey gasoline.
D. Because they don’t want to ride it for entertainment.
47. The writer intends to tell us in the last paragraph that ____.
A. we shouldn’t buy a motorcycle due to the danger it causes
B. many people are frightened by the dangerous image
C. we shouldn’t be curious about the motorcycle any more
D. motorcycles are still popular regardless of the disadvantages

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