One genetic mutation(基因突變)occurs on average for every 15 cigarettes that a typical lung-cancer patient smokes, according to a study that has found for the first time all of the mutations happen during the lifetime of a cancer patient.
Scientists have completed a full genetic examinations of the genomes（基因組） of cancer patients, and hope the information will lead to a basic understanding of the causes of cancer—and possibly drugs and treatments—by making out the mutations that turn a healthy cell into a cancerous tumor cell.
They studied a lung-cancer patient who had about 23,000 DNA mutations in his lung cells that were connected with exposure(暴露) to the toxins found in cigarette smoke and had built up over his lifetime.
They also looked at a patient with malignant melanoma(惡性黑色腫瘤), the most dangerous form of skin cancer, who had got 30,000 special mutations known to be connected with exposure to sunlight.
Scientists believe this new finding into the genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs and perfect treatments that aim at the specific changes to the gene that cause the disease, as well as new techniques for discovering following cancers that have escaped from treatment in other parts of the body.
“For the first time, we have a complete map of all mutations in a cancer cell,” said Dr. Peter Campbell, who led the Cancer Genome project to work out the whole DNA system of tumor cells in order find the mutations.
A similar method was performed on the cells of a patient with skin cancer, which is how the researchers were able to show that the malignant skin cells contained changes that resulted from exposure to light.
“These are the two main cancers in the developed world for which we know the chief exposure. For lung cancer it is cigarette smoke, and for malignant melanoma it is exposure to sunlight,” Professor Campbell said.
小題1:What can the genetic examination of the genomes of cancer patients be used for?
A．To help the professors to win the Nobel Prizes.
B．To advance the study of reason and cure of cancer.
C．To make the medicine industries earn more money.
D．To help the cancer patients reduce their pain.
小題2:The underlined word in the third paragraph can be placed by_____.
A．smokeB．sunlightC．cellD．poison
小題3:Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?
A．The lung-cancer patient had 30,000 mutations in his lung cells.
B．The genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs soon.
C．It’s the first time that people mapped mutations in a cancer cell.
D．Dr. Peter tries to invent a new drug with the DNA system.
小題4:What’s the similarity between malignant melanoma and skin cancer of patients?
A．Their smoking too much in daily life.
B．Their receiving too much sunshine.
C．Their refusing to accept treatment.
D．Their interest in travelling abroad.

小題1:B
小題1:D
小題1:C
小題1:B
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

No one can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we read correctly the signs around us, we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting(天氣預(yù)報).
For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting. Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. That many people feel their joints(關(guān)節(jié)) hurt is a sign of wet weather. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way. If you see a rainbow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening. If the stars twinkle clearly at night, then fine weather will continue. If a fog appears in the morning just above a river, then the day will be warm. If the sunset is mostly red in colour, then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come.
Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting.
小題1:Which of the following can be used here to replace(取代) the underlined phrase “on the way”?
A．a(chǎn)way.B．gone.C．disappearing.D．coming.
小題2:When you see the stars twinkle clearly at night, the weather will be _______.
A．warmB．rainyC．clear and fineD．cold
小題3:Which of the following signs can tell the weather will probably be rainy?
A．A rainbow appears in the morning.
B．Some birds fly high.
C．The stars twinkle clearly at night.
D．Fogs appear in the morning just above a river.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

We are warned by our teachers not to waste time because time 21 will never return. I think it quite 22. What does time look 23? Nobody knows, and we can’t see it or touch it and no 24 of money can buy it. Time is abstract(抽象的), so we have to  25about it.
Time passes very quickly. Some students say they don’t have 26time to review their lessons. It is 27 they don’t know how to make use of their time. They waste it in going to theatres or playing, and 28 other useless things. Why do we study everyday? Why do we work? Why do most people 29 take buses instead of walking? The answer is very 30 .We wish to save time because time is31.
Today we are living in the 21st century. We 32 time as life. When a person dies, his life ends. Since life is short, we must 33 our time and energy to our study so that we 34 be able to work and live well in the future. Laziness is the 35 of time, for it not only brings us 36, but also does other 37 to us. If it is necessary for us to do our work today, 38 we do it today and not 39 it until tomorrow. Remember that time is much more 40.
小題1:
A．lostB．passedC．missedD．used
小題2:
A．importantB．trueC．interestingD．usual
小題3:
A．for B．like C．a(chǎn)fterD．over
小題4:
A．a(chǎn)mountB．qualityC．quantityD．price
小題5:
A．think B．imagineC．examineD．check
小題6:
A．spare B．freeC．enoughD．much
小題7:
A．thatB．whyC．becauseD．certain
小題8:
A．doingB．makingC．takingD．getting
小題9:
A．needn’tB．have toC．had betterD．would rather
小題10:
A．easyB．simpleC．stupidD．interesting
小題11:
A．worthlessB．pricelessC．readyD．little
小題12:
A．look uponB．a(chǎn)gree C．thinkD．believe
小題13:
A．spendB．giveC．setD．devote
小題14:
A．mustB．shouldC．mayD．would
小題15:
A．helperB．thiefC．friendD．teacher
小題16:
A．wealthB．healthC．failureD．illness
小題17:
A．dangerB．harmC．troubleD．difficulty
小題18:
A．helpB．makeC．haveD．let
小題19:
A．keepB．remainC．manageD．leave
小題20:
A．valuableB．expensiveC．worthD．rich

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

We have known for a long time that flowers of different plants open and close at different times of day. This is so    1   that there seems to be no need to ask the reason for it. Yet no one    2   understands why flowers open and close like this at particular times. The process is not as    3   as we might think, as recent experiments have shown. In one study, flowers were kept in constant    4  . We might expect that the flowers, without any information about the time of day, did not open as they    5   do. As a matter of fact, they    6   to open at their usual time. This suggests that they have some mysterious(神秘的) way of knowing the    7  . Their sense of time does not    8   information from the outside world; it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of “inner clock”.
This    9   may not seem to be very important. However, it was later found that not just plants but also    10  , including man, have this “inner clock” which    11   the working of their bodies and influences their activities. Men, then, are also influenced by this mysterious    12  . Whether we wish it or not, it affects such things in our life as our need for sleep, our need for food.
In the past, this did not really    13   because people lived in natural condition. In the    14   world, things are different; now there are spacemen, airplane pilots and, in ordinary life, a lot of people who have to work at night. It would be very   15 , then, to know more about the “inner clock”. Such things as flowers might help us understand more about ourselves.
小題1:
A．familiarB．strangeC．similarD．special
小題2:
A．partlyB．personallyC．reallyD．willingly
小題3:
A．complexB．simpleC．matureD．meaningful
小題4:
A．quietnessB．darknessC．lonelinessD．sadness
小題5:
A．finallyB．completelyC．physicallyD．normally
小題6:
A．refusedB．decidedC．continuedD．failed
小題7:
A．timeB．secretC．processD．study
小題8:
A．deal withB．a(chǎn)dd toC．give awayD．depend on
小題9:
A．discoveryB．a(chǎn)ctivityC．inventionD．method
小題10:
A．beastsB．a(chǎn)nimalsC．strangersD．humans
小題11:
A．controlsB．studiesC．measuresD．destroys
小題12:
A．worldB．flowerC．powerD．experiment
小題13:
A．happenB．existC．matterD．work
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)ncientB．modernC．wonderfulD．peaceful
小題15:
A．hardB．expensiveC．convenientD．important

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A lazy Susan is an addition to a table, which is designed to assist in moving food from one person to another while dining. This is accomplished through the use of a turntable(轉(zhuǎn)盤), which usually moves the food in a circle when pushed by those at table. In this way, the food never has to be picked up and passed around the table. Instead, it remains in place as the lazy Susan is turned about.
A lazy Susan may also be a part of a kitchen cabinet. One may spin the lazy Susan in order to find certain goods stored in it. From the outside, a lazy Susan appears to be two cabinets. When one of these cabinets is pushed, however, both doors move and the lazy Susan is revealed inside.
Whether the lazy Susan is on a tabletop or within a cabinet, it can be made of a variety of materials. Most commonly, a lazy Susan is made of either plastic, wood or glass. Some people believe that Thomas Jefferson invented the lazy Susan, though it was referred to as a dumb waiter(上菜升降架) at that time. It is said that Jefferson invented the lazy Susan because his daughter complained she was always served last at table and, as a result, never found herself full when leaving the table. Others believe that Thomas Edison was the inventor, as he is believed to have invented the turntable for his phonograph(留聲機), which later developed into the lazy Susan.
Regardless of who invented it, it wasn’t until 1917 that the term lazy Susan was created in an advertisement for the invention. In Britain, however, the term dumb waiter is still used rather than the term lazy Susan. The reason for the name lazy Susan remains a mystery. One theory is that it was named after either Jefferson’s or Edison’s daughter, both of whom were named Susan.
小題1: According to the passage, a lazy Susan _____.
A．is a person who serves food at table
B．is a waitress who helps move dinner tables
C．is an additional round table in a dining room
D．is a turntable that passes food around the table
小題2:Which of the following is NOT true of the lazy Susan?
A．On a tabletop, it is convenient for people to have dinner.
B．Within a cupboard, it is easy for people to see what is inside.
C．The turntable was invented in 1917.
D．It can be made of many kinds of materials.
小題3:Why did Jefferson’s daughter complain she was served last when having meals?
A．Because she was too lazy.
B．Because she was the youngest.
C．Because the table was too tall for her.
D．Because the table couldn’t move food for her.
小題4: From the passage, we can know that _____.
A．the lazy Susan was invented earlier than the phonograph
B．Susan was the name of Jefferson’s and Edison’s daughter
C．Jefferson and Edison invented the lazy Susan at the same time
D．When people talk about a lazy waitress they use the term “Susan”
小題5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．What is a lazy Susan?
B．When was the lazy Susan created?
C．Why do inventions come from the daily life?
D．How was “dumb waiter” replaced by “l(fā)azy Susan”?

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists have created a “ human-like robot” that can dance and do the housework.
“ Mahru” has been developed to imitate humans and can move its lips, eyebrows and pupils(瞳孔). The machine can also move its upper and lower body freely and automatically stop itself when walking.
In addition, it has been programmed to give out two kinds of pleasant smells to match its emotions.
The 1.5 tall robot was produced by researchers at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) and is the first South Korean- developed machine of its kind.
“‘Mahru’ will open the way for the commercial use of humanoid robots doing housework,” You Bum-Jae, leader of the development research team ,said. “‘Mahru’ can dance while walking on its legs and is able to work in place of a human.”
Through an advanced motion capture (捕獲) system, “Mahru” can follow a variety of human movements and move its hands freely enough to deal with any obstacles that may get in its way when walking.
State-funded KIST showed the robot during a presentation at its head office in Seoul.
People here were treated to an entertaining demonstration which saw the robot show off the full range of its skills, most notably s series of dance moves.
The research team added that they had designed another “ Mahru”, this time with sensors(傳感器) allowing it to distinguish(分辨) between faces and objects.
The showing of “ Mahru” came a week after researcher in Japan said they had created the “most human-like” robot in the world. A team at robotics department of Osaka University in Japan claimed that “ robogirl”, Repliee R-1, “ looks, moves and interacts (相互作用) like a human, and has silicone(硅膠) skin that feels almost human to the touch.”
小題1: “Mahru” made by KIST can do the following things EXCEPT____________
A．dance with other human –like robotsB．move its body freely
C．stop automatically when walkingD．express certain feelings through smells
小題2: According to what You Bum- Jae said in Paragraph 5, his research team wants to ________.
A．help robots with doing houseworkB．show its scientific power
C．make Mahru offer more funD．explore Mahru’s commercial use
小題3: When Mahru” meets something in its way, it will be likely to________.
A．go around itB．turn back quickly
C．deal with it using its handsD．a(chǎn)sk humans for help
小題4:According to the last paragraph, Repliee R-1 __________.
A．is another MahruB．was made by KIST
C．has skin feeling similar to humans’D．looks like a boy
小題5:The passage is probably a  __________.
A．news reportB．research reportC．healthy reportD．entertainment report

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Any foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand. And anyone who has tried to learn to play the violin or other instruments can report similar challenges.
Now researchers have found that people with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese. Writing in the online edition of Nature Neuroscience，researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch(音調(diào))．
One of the study’s authors，Nina Kraus，said the findings suggested that studying music “actually tunes our sensory system”．This means that schools that want children to do well in languages should hesitate before cutting music programs，Dr.Kraus said. She said music training might also help children with language problems.
Mandarin(普通話)speakers have been shown to have a more complex encoding(編碼) of pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers do. This is because in Mandarin and other Asian languages，pitch plays a central role. A single­syllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is intoned.
For this study，the researchers looked at 20 non­Chinese speaking volunteers，half with no musical background and half who have studied an instrument for at least six years.
As they were shown a movie，the volunteers also heard an audio tape of the Mandarin word “mi” in three of its meanings：squint，bewilder and rice. The researchers recorded activities in their brain stems to see how well they were processing the sounds. Those with a music background showed much more brain activities in response to the Chinese sounds.
The lead author of the study，Patrick C．M.Wong，said it might work both ways. It appears that native speakers of tonal languages may do better at learning instruments.
小題1:When learning Chinese，a foreigner will find ________.
A．he has a difficult time learning music at the same time
B．he has an easier time learning music at the same time
C．it is hard to master the tones required to speak and understand
D．it is easy to use the brain to help him discover changes in pitch
小題2:Why does Chinese learning have something to do with music training?
A．Because there is the same difficulty in learning Chinese and music.
B．Because skills to learn the two make use of the same parts of the brain.
C．Because music training might help people with language study.
D．Because people who do well in Chinese study do well in music.
小題3:The underlined word “intoned” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by the word “____”．
A．created B．spelled
C．seemed D．pronounced
小題4:What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Mandarin Speakers Are Smarter than English Speakers
B．Skilled Ear for Music May Help Language Study
C．Pitch Plays a Central Role in Chinese Learning
D．Schools Need to Develop Music Programs

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

To learn an instrument such as the violin or accordion（手風(fēng)琴）takes years. The job opportunities for musicians are scarce and competition is fierce. Then why are more people than ever before paying a lot of good cash to get their children the best music teaching they can afford?
The secret lies in the influence of music on the whole person. It has been found that learning a musical instrument actually increases a person’s IQ over time. Different instruments and different trypes of music have varying effect, with classical music and the string family coming out on top, potentially increasing you IQ by up to 12 points!
When is a good time to start learning music? Experts have found that even the fetus（胎兒）can benefit from listening to classical music. Surround yourself and your family with good music from the first. The Suzuki Piano Method teaches children from the age of 3 years piano, with two lessons per week. From preschool, children can learn to read music and play from sheet music. Progress in learning your instrument is directly proportional（成比例的）to the amount of practicing.
Is there such a thing as an unmusical child? Shinichi Suzuki proposes that music is the native home language of all human beings and therefore nobody can be “unmusical”. Of course there are exceptional talents, compared to which others may seem to be slower learners.
Is there any benefit for adults in starting an instrument? Apart from the purely relaxing aspect, yes. Learning an instrument can earn even adults additional IQ points, and as an added benefit in improves your health by reducing your stress levels. Your social life may benefit too, if you are prepared to come out of your box and join occasions such as Ceilidhs (musical get-togethers) or arrange house concerts. It has been established that people who play instruments tend to be more emotionally balanced and more patient with themselves, others and life in general.
So go ahead, sign up for that amateur orchestra, dust off your old trombone（長號）or take your first real six-string down from the attic（閣樓）; get out there and play!
小題1:Playing which of the following musical instruments can help increase a person’s IQ most?
A．The pianoB．The violinC．The tromboneD．The accordion
小題2:According to Shinichi Suzuki,             .
A．The progress in learning an instrument depends on natural gifts
B．It is too late for an adult to start an instrument
C．Every child has a natural talent for music.
D．All people can understand and read music.
小題3:What can be inferred from the text?
A．Music can balance our life.
B．Music can improve our living conditions.
C．Playing instruments can make adults keep their IQ points.
D．Playing instruments can help us get along well with others.
小題4:By writing the text, the author mainly wants to        .
A．persuade us to send our children to music schools
B．express his great interest in musical instruments
C．tell us the importance of Music in Development
D．invite us to attend Ceilidhs

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists made a great break through this year in England when the first "test tube" baby was born．The birth was the result of many years of research by doctors．The doctors did the research in groups to help the women who cannot conceive a baby in the normal way．
What happened when the baby was born "from a test tube"? Well, the baby did not literally grow in a test tube．The first stage of the process was that the egg from the woman and the sperm from the man were put together in the test tube．After all, the embryo was put into the womb of a woman．This process was difficult．But it was successful, so the baby was eventually born, like any other, from a woman, only the woman wasn't the baby's real mother, but a sort of "carrier" of a baby produced by another couple．
Obviously, this method is to help to couples who can't have children because of physical problems in the woman．But very difficult moral problems arise in the kind of situation．Take it for instance, a case that happened this year．A couple who wanted a baby advertised for a woman to have a child by the father of the couple．They offered the woman a lot of money．The woman was made pregnant by artificial insemination; in this case, the woman "employed" to bear the child was its real mother．When the baby was born, the woman refused to give it back to the couple．But, in the eyes of the law, the woman had a right to keep the children because she was its biological mother．
You could argue that we should change the law to deal with this kind of situation．In earlier times, there were always healthy babies needing adoption, because family planning methods were not so effective as they are now．These days, however, most of the children who can be adopted are over six years old, often handicapped in some way．So a couple who want a young healthy baby cannot always adopt one, this is why the "test tube" baby is in demand．But is it normally right to use this method? Should we temper with nature in this way? Even if we change the law, would this be the right step to take ?
小題1:The birth of the first "test-tube" baby is a great advance _____．
A．on medical science
B．in birth control
C．on the research for babies
D．in the lives of married women
小題2:When we say a baby was born "from a test-tube", we mean_____ ．
A．the baby didn't develop in the womb of a woman
B．the baby has no biological parents
C．the embryo was formed in the test tube
D．the baby grew in the test-tube before it was born
小題3:According to the law, who has right to keep the baby produced by the artificial method?
A．The couple who want a baby．
B．The biological mother of the child．
C．The person who pays the money to the real mother．
D．The father who advertises for a biological mother．
小題4:According to the passage, people need "test-tube baby" because_____ ．
A．family planning methods are not effective．
B．they can't always adopt a young healthy baby
C．they are unwilling to adopt a child．
D．there are so many babies needing adoption．

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