By the year 1869 when the first transcontinental railroad was finished, over 350,000 pioneers had taken the Oregon Trail to head west and start a new life, which is known as the Gold Rush Period in American history. Many of these were women and most were accompanied by children.
Before heading west, many women often spent their day doing nothing more than visiting, needlework, and the occasional gardening of flowers. Others were not from as wealthy families and had to work alongside their men as laborers. Neither type was in most cases prepared for the hardships that lay ahead.

Once they did reach their destination, the work was far from over. A house would need to be built. Women quickly learned to use all kinds of tools right alongside their husbands. At the first sign of spring, a garden would need to be planted. Pioneer women also had to deal with dangerous wild animals, including bears and lions. Indians were also a concern, and some did fall to their deaths by the Indians’ hand. Where were the men when all this was being done? Working the fields and mining were the two most usual occupations. Their remaining work, which there was plenty of, fell to the women and the oldest children if there were any.
Women who headed west learned quickly that there was much more to life than teas and visiting. They had no choice but to struggle for survival. This was their life.
小題1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Changes in the Gold Rush Period.
B．New life in the West.
C．Great people in American history.
D．Pioneer women to the West.
小題2:By mentioning women’s life before heading west in paragraph 2, the author implies (暗示) that          .
A．it was a real struggle for women to adapt to the hard life in the West
B．it was not reasonable for women to give up their comfortable life
C．it was a better choice for women to experience a new and hard life
D．it was necessary for women to change their lifestyle completely
小題3:According to the passage, which was NOT the problem women faced when heading west?
A．They had no choice but to throw away many of their beloved things.
B．They could not take their children along because of the hard journey.
C．It was common that they lost their husbands in some accidents.
D．They suffered from diseases or even lost their lives.
小題4:Women were kept busy with all the following work EXCEPT _________.
A．building a house
B．planting a garden
C．driving wild animals away
D．caring for the Indians

小題1:D
小題1:A
小題1:B
小題1:D
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The early 1900s were very different from today, when toys were still the delight of children everywhere.
Theodore Roosevelt's Presidency marks the beginning of the “Teddy Bear”. In the year 1902，toy bears were named “Teddy” after the president's nickname. The Teddy Bear became known worldwide and it was only a few years later that the Teddy Bears were mass produced.
In 1913，an item called the Erector Set was invented. It was a steel，motorized toy that children could use to build models of anything. Its creator was A．C.Gilbert，a medical doctor.
Charles Pajeau created a similar wooden set called Tinker Toys in the year 1914.Tinker Toys were made for younger children.
Raggedy Ann dolls first came on the scene after newspaper cartoonist Johnny Gruelle reproduced the doll he made for his daughter. That was in 1915.
The following year，an architect's son named John Lloyd Wright，invented Lincoln Logs，which were interlocked to make structures.
Two years after Mickey Mouse was created，stuffed(填塞)Mickey Mouse dolls were made by Charlotte Clark. This was the start of Disney merchandise.
The yo­yo became popular in the United States after Donald Duncan bought a yo­yo company in 1929.
The View­Master，a three dimensional viewer，was developed by a camera enthusiast named William Gruber. The toy became popular when Gruber licensed Disney characters to make still, 3­D images from Disney movies and television programs.
Finally，in 1940，model airplanes were mass produced. They started out as a way for manufacturers to sell planes to the military，but later caught on as a toy.
The toys that we know and love today have had their roots from these ancient times. Thanks to all these creative man’s efforts, we know otherwise what we may never know.
小題1:Why were toy bears named “Teddy”？
A．To be suitable for mass production
B．To be easily pronounced by children.
C．To meet the advertisers' needs.
D．To memorize President Theodore Roosevelt
小題2:In which aspect do the toys created by Gilbert differ from those by Charles?
A．ShapeB．Material usedC．ThemesD．Price
小題3:When did the View­Master become popular?
A．After William Gruber was born
B．After Gruber licensed Disney characters
C．Two years after Mickey Mouse was created.
D．When Disney merchandise was started

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The word doping is probably from the Dutch word dop, the name of an alcoholic drinks make of grape skins used by Zulu soldiers in order to encourage their bravery in battle. The term became current around the turn of the 20th century, originally referring to illegal drugging of racehorses. In 1928 the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) became the first to ban the use of doping. A reliable test method was finally introduced in 1974.
The practice of enhancing athletes’ performance through foreign substance or other artificial means, however, is as old as competitive sport itself. The most famous doping case of the 1980s concerned Ben Johnson, the 100-meter champion who tested positive for stanozolol(司坦咗醇) at the Olympic Games in Seoul, 1988.
The main front in the anti-doping war has rapidly shifted to blood doping since 1970s. Blood doping is the practice of adding red blood cells to the bloodstream in order to improve athletes’ performance. The blood is usually processed in order to create a concentration of red blood cells, and then freeze them until needed for transfusion(輸血) back into the athlete shortly before the event. The extra red blood cells will deliver more oxygen and other essential elements to the athlete’s muscle tissues.
Just like any other problem, the only way to solve it is through education. Many high school sports programs now have people come in to talk to them about out the dangers of performance-enhancing drugs. Young players must be fully clear on the rules and what substances are banned. The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) has an easily accessible list of what substances are banned, how they are tested for and why they are banned on its website. This way, young players are clear on what they can put in their bodies. This is also a good way to educate players on the danger of the substances they may be tempted to use.
小題1:The word “enhancing” in the first sentence of the second paragraph means “_____”.
A．showingB．directingC．upsettingD．improving
小題2:What can we know from the third paragraph?
A．Blood doping is transferring one man’s blood into another
B．Only blood doping exists in the anti-doping war in the 1970s.
C．Blood doping is easy to be found and controlled by organizations.
D．More oxygen in the blood helps improve an athlete’s performance.
小題3:The word “people” in the second sentence of the fourth paragraph probably refers to _____.
A．teachers who teach P.E. lessons at school
B．experts who do research in doping
C．young people easy to be addicted to doping
D．a(chǎn)thletes involved in doping
小題4:Which statement best matches the last paragraph?
A．Prevention is better than cure.
B．Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
C．The best horse needs breaking, and the cleverest child needs teaching.
D．A little learning is a dangerous thing.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians（基督教徒）ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil（邪惡的）. So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to be the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell（地獄）.What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Tough the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.
Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father’s house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruit—or is it a vegetable?” As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”.
But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert  Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. “What are you afraid of?” he shouted. “I’ll show you fools that these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.
小題1:The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because ______.
A．it made Christians evil.
B．it was the apple of Eden
C．it came from a forbidden land
D．it was religiously unacceptable
小題2:What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3 ?
A．The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down
B．There was little progress in the study of the tomato
C．The tomato was still refused in most western countries
D．Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato
小題3:What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?
A．To make himself a hero
B．To remove people’s fear of the tomato
C．To speed up the popularity of the tomato
D．To persuade people to buy products from his factory
小題4:What is the main purpose of the passage ?
A．To challenge people’s fixed concepts of the tomato
B．To give an explanation to people’s dislike of the tomato
C．To present the change of people’s attitudes to the tomato
D．To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Happy April Fool’s Day．In celebration of the day, we have put together a list of some of the greatest hoaxes in history．They are the lies that have been designed for innocent people who are ready to believe them．
INSTANT COLOUR TV
In 1962 there was only one TV channel in Sweden, and it broadcast in black and white．The station’s technical expert, Kjell Stensson, appeared on the news to announce that thanks to a newly developed technology, all viewers could now quickly and easily transform their existing sets to display colour reception．All they had to do was pull a nylon stocking over their TV screen, and they would begin to see their favorite shows in color．Reportedly, hundreds of thousands of people were taken in．Actual color TV transmission only started to appear in Sweden on April 1, 1970．
SAN ERRIFFE
In 1977 the British newspaper The Guardian published a special seven-page supplement （增刊）in honor of the tenth anniversary of San Serriffe, a small republic located in the Indian Ocean．A series of articles affectionately described the geography and culture of this unknown nation．The Guardian’s phones rang all day as readers asked for more information about the beautiful holiday spot．Few noticed that everything about the island was made up．
NIXON FOR PRESIDENT
In 1992 American National Public Radio’s Talk of the Nation program announced that Richard Nixon, in a surprise move, was running for President again．His new campaign slogan was, “I didn’t do anything wrong, and I won’t do it again.” Accompanying this announcement were audio clips of Nixon delivering his election speech．Listeners responded immediately to the announcement, flooding the show with calls expressing shock and anger．Only during the second half of the show did the host John Hockenberry reveal that the announcement was a practical joke, Nixon’s voice was copied by comedian Rich Little．
小題1:The underlined phrase “taken in” in the 2nd paragraph means ________.
A．deceived B．pleasedC．innocent D．broadcast
小題2:What can be inferred from the text about Color TV?
A．The Swedish People didn’t watch color TVs until 1970．
B．The Swedish People began to watch color TVs in 1962．
C．Kjell Stensson was a TV host．
D．Not many people believed Kjell Stensson．
小題3:Which of the following statements about San Serriffe is True?
A．San Seffiffe is located in the Indian Ocean．
B．San Seffiffe became a republic in 1967．
C．San Seffiffe is a beautiful place．
D．San Seffiffe doesn’t exist．
小題4:We get to know from the passage that _____．
A．Richard Nixon didn’t win the election in 1992．
B．Richard Nixon didn’t do anything wrong
C．Richard Nixon was not liked by the American people
D．Richard Nixon asked Rich Little to speak for him

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing(咒罵) the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament (錦標賽) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
小題1:The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _______.
A．reexamine the rules for football refereeing
B．a(chǎn)nalyse the causes of errors made by football referees
C．set a standard for football refereeing
D．review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup
小題2:The findings of the experiment show that _______.
A．errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B．the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C．the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur
D．errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot
小題3:The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to _______.
A．the researchers involved in the experiment
B．the inspectors of the football tournament
C．the referees of the football tournament
D．the observers at the site of the experiment
小題4:What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A．The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B．Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C．A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D．An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I used to believe in the American dream that meant a job，credit and success. I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us separately chasing the same thing.
One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell apart. I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $ 56. I searched the countryside for some place I could rent for the cheapest possible amount. I came upon a deserted cottage in a small remote valley.I hadn't been alone for 25 years. I was scared, but I hoped the hard work would distract and heal me.
I found the owner and rented the place for$ 50 a month.The locals knew nothing about me.  But slowly they started teaching me the art of being a neighbor. They dropped off blankets,  tools and canned deer meat and began sticking around to chat. They would ask if I wanted to meet cousin Albie or go fishing. They started to teach me a belief in a different American dream, not the one of individual achievement but of neighborliness. Men would stop by with wild berries, ice cream or truck parts to see if I was up for courting. I wasn't, but they were civil anyway.The woman on that mountain worked harder than any I'd ever met. They taught me how to store food in the stream and keep it cold and safe._I_learned_to_keep_enough_for_an_extra_plate_for_company.
What I had believed in, all those things I thought were necessary for a civilized life, were non­existent in this place.Up on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my relationships with my neighbors.
After four years in that valley, I moved back into town. I saw a lot of people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes. With the help of a real estate broker (房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀人) I chatted up at the grocery store, I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people. It's four of us now，but over time I've had nine come in and move on to other places from here. We'd all be in shelters if we hadn't banded together.
The American dream I believe in now is a shared one. It's not so much about what I can get for myself; it's about how we can all get by together.
小題1:Before a series of unhappy events happened, the writer________.
A．had a well­paid jobB．worked hard for his American dream
C．worked hard and liked to shareD．felt hopeless about his American dream
小題2:What does the underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．The house.B．The job.
C．The company.D．The American dream.
小題3:
小題4:

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii, Italy. They see the sights that Pompeii is famous for ― its stadium (露天大型運動場) and theatres, its shops and restaurants. The tourists do not, however, see Pompeii’s people. They do not see them because Pompeii has no people. No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2000 years. Once, Pompeii was a busy city of 22000 people. It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, a grass-covered volcano . Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt safe. But they were not.
In August of AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded, and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ash began to fall on Pompeii. When the eruption ended two days later, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones and ashes. Almost all of its people were dead.
For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stone and ash. Then, in the year 1861, an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly, carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD 79. There were streets and fountains（噴泉）, houses and shops. There was a stadium with 20000 seats. Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue colour in the bottom, so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine. They liked bread, too; metal bread pans were in every bakery. In one bakery there were 81 round, flat loaves of bread ― a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today. Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eye makeup.
Ginseppe has died, but his work continues. One-fourth has not been uncovered yet. Scientists are still digging, still making discoveries that draw the tourists to Pompeii.
小題1:Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year?
A．To visit the volcanoB．To shop and eat there
C．To watch sports and playsD．To watch how Pompeiians lived
小題2:Why had so many Pompeiians remained by volcanic Mount Vesuvius?
A．The city nearby offered all kinds of fun.
B．The area produced the finest wine in Italy.
C．Few people expected the volcano to erupt again.
D．The mountain was beautiful and covered with grass.
小題3:Why did the city uncovered look almost the same as it had looked in AD 79?
A．Because Ginseppe and his men dug it slowly and carefully.
B．Because the city was buried alive and remained untouched.
C．Because scientists successfully rebuilt the city with everyday objects.
D．Because nobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted.
小題4:What do we know about the Pompeiians who lived 2000 years ago?
A．They lived more or less the same as Italians now do.
B．They liked women wearing all kinds of makeup.
C．They enjoyed a good life with drinking and eating.
D．They went back to Pompeii after the eruption in AD 79.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


An ancient philosopher’s wisdom can be compared in value to gold. Now “The Art of War” by the great thinker Sun Tzu has actually been printed on pure gold. There are 5,000 of these bookstores across China, costing 19,600 yuan each.
Known as the world’s oldest book on military strategy(軍事策略), it was originally written on bamboo strips(竹簡). Sun Tzu lived in about 500 BC in the late Spring and Autumn Period. There is little information about Sun Tzu’s real life.
But according to one story, the king asked Sun Tzu to gibe a demonstration of his way of training the army. Two groups of the king’s concubines(妃子) played the soldiers and two of the king’s favourites acted as commanders. Sun Tzu gave them orders, but they thought it was just a game and couldn’t stop laughing. Sun Tzu said, “if the order is not clear it’s my fault, but if the order is and soldiers don’t obey, it’s the commanders’ fault.” He then killed the two commanders, despite the king’s protest. When Sun Tzu gave new orders, the concubines performed perfectly.
Sun Tzu’s book became popular with leaders in Asia and later in the West. In 1782 a Frenchman named Amiot took the book to Europe. It is said that Napoleon used its principles while conquering Europe.
“The Art of War” is today used in business, sport, diplomacy(外交) and even relationships. Sun Tzu is possibly the most quoted(引用) Chinese in the world. One saying is, “If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles.”
46. From this passage we know the book “The Art of War” by the great thinker Sun Tzu _________.
A. has been compared to gold             B. has been written on bamboo strips again
C. cost 19,000 yuan                     D. has been printed on pure gold
47. Sun Tzu is _____________.
A. known all over the world                       B. a person living in 1000 BC
C. a great thinker but we knew little about his life      D. a good writer
48. In the story of Sun Tzu’s way of training the army, Sun Tzu killed ___________.
A. two of the king’s favorite concubines      B. two of the king’s favorite soldiers
C. two groups of the king’s concubines       D. two famous commanders
49. Sun Tzu’s book became popular ____________.
A. in Asia    B. in the west   C. in Europe    D. both A and B
50. The best title of this article is _____________.
A. Sun Tzu’s wisdom can be compared in value to gold
B. The book “The Art of War” has been printed on pure gold
C. Sun Tzu’s wise words turn to gold
D. The great ancient philosopher—Sun Tzu

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