A speech is a wonderful opportunity to inform, persuade or entertain. The best speeches often take on a combination of all three of these components（組成部分）. However, before you can go about the writing of a great speech, it is important to set goals. Goals keep you，your speech and your audience focused.
What a goal is
In the context of a speech, a goal is the purpose of the speech, and what it hopes to accomplish. For example, the goal of a eulogy(頌歌) might be to celebrate the life of a loved one. The goal of a speech at a political gathering would be to inform the crowd about the political position of a candidate and persuade them to vote and campaign for the candidate in question（正被討論的）.
Why a goal is important
Without a goal, a speech is without direction. The goal informs the structure and content of the speech. For example, if a speech's goal is to convince people that smoking is bad for them, the speech will be structured with persuasive arguments to back up the goal. A speech with a goal of informing the audience will keep the information fair and factual.
A goal is incredibly important to the speech's ability to connect with an audience. If the speaker is unaware of the goal of the speech, the audience will likely be unaware as well. This severely reduces the effectiveness of the message.
Aside from informing the audience of the content and structure, a speech's goal drives the speaker to greater heights. If a speaker is asked to speak on a specific subject, but never establishes the goal, they won't know where to start in the research, organizing and writing of the speech.
______________
If you have been charged with(被委以) delivering a speech, establishing a goal can seem difficult at first. There are several things to take into consideration. First, think about who you will be speaking to. The demographic(人口統(tǒng)計(jì)) of your audience will likely determine whether you will be able to persuade them, or whether they will be able to sit through（一直坐到……結(jié)束）. Second, think about the topic itself. If the topic is something controversial（有爭議的）, it may worth your while to consider an informative approach to present both sides of the issue. Finally, consider your resources. A speech with an informative or persuasive goal usually requires a great deal of research, and sometimes takes more time to write.
小題1:According to the passage, what three components does the best speech combine?
A．Informing, delivering and entertaining.
B．Informing, persuading and entertaining.
C．Informing, writing and delivering.
D．Informing, writing and persuading.
小題2:The goal of a speech at a political gathering might be ________.
A．to persuade the audience to vote for a candidate
B．to celebrate the life of a person you admire
C．to entertain the audience with humor and magic
D．to persuade the audience to buy new products
小題3:All the following indicate the importance of a speech goal EXCEPT that ________.
A．a(chǎn) speech will lose its direction without a goal
B．a(chǎn) speech goal can help keep the audience aware of the speech
C．a(chǎn) speech goal can help the speaker know about the research, organizing and writing
D．a(chǎn) speech goal makes it possible for the speaker to achieve whatever he wants in life
小題4:Which of the following can be filled into the blank as the subtitle for the last paragraph?
A．How to achieve a speech goalB．How to deliver a difficult speech
C．What to consider to establish a goalD．What to consider to deliver a speech

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:C

小題1:B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)A speech is a wonderful opportunity to inform, persuade or entertain.可知答案為B.
小題2:A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段The goal of a speech at a political gathering would be to inform the crowd about the political position of a candidate and persuade them to vote and campaign for the candidate in question（正被討論的）.可知答案為A。
小題3:D根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，演講不可能讓演講者達(dá)到無論什么他們想要的目的。故D項(xiàng)有誤。
小題4:C 推斷題。文章最后一段講述了設(shè)定演講的目標(biāo)所要考慮的幾個(gè)方面。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

We are warned by our teachers not to waste time because time 26 will never return. I think it quite 27. What does time look 28 ? Nobody knows, and we can’t see it or touch it and no 29 of money can buy it. Time is abstract(抽象的), so we have to  30 about it.
Time passes very quickly. Some students say they don’t have 31 time to review their lessons. It is 32 they don’t know how to make use of their time. They waste it in going to theatres or playing, and 33 other useless things. Why do we study everyday? Why do we work? Why do most people 34 take buses instead of walking? The answer is very 35 .We wish to save time because time is36.
Today we are living in the 21st century. We 37  time as life. When a person dies, his life ends. Since life is short, we must 38 our time and energy to our study so that we 39 be able to work and live well in the future. Laziness is the 40 of time, for it not only brings us 41 , but also does other 42 to us. If it is necessary for us to do our work today, 43 we do it today and not 44 it until tomorrow. Remember that time is much more 45.
小題1:
A．lostB．passedC．missedD．used
小題2:
A．importantB．trueC．interestingD．usual
小題3:
A．for B．likeC．a(chǎn)fterD．over
小題4:
A．a(chǎn)mountB．qualityC．quantity D．price
小題5:
A．think B．imagineC．examineD．check
小題6:
A．spare B．freeC．enoughD．much
小題7:
A．thatB．whyC．becauseD．certain
小題8:
A．doingB．makingC．takingD．getting
小題9:
A．needn’tB．have toC．had betterD．would rather
小題10:
A．easyB．simpleC．stupidD．interesting
小題11:
A．worthlessB．pricelessC．readyD．little
小題12:
A．look uponB．a(chǎn)gree C．thinkD．believe
小題13:
A．spendB．giveC．setD．devote
小題14:
A．mustB．shouldC．mayD．would
小題15:
A．helperB．thiefC．friendD．teacher
小題16:
A．wealthB．healthC．failureD．illness
小題17:
A．danger B．harmC．troubleD．difficulty
小題18:
A．helpB．makeC．haveD．let
小題19:
A．keepB．remainC．manageD．leave
小題20:
A．valuableB．expensiveC．worthD．rich

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Friendship continues to remain central to our lives. Friends often affect our health and energy. More and more people are increasingly turning towards their friends for support and sharing rather than just communicating with their relatives. We may have a very unclear understanding of what makes a friend but we all want to have a good number of friends around us. There are certain things you do to help you make friends or at least help you get close to people whom you want to make friends with.
The first step to make friends with people is to make them like you. If they don’t like you in the first place, it is unlikely that they’ll be eager to become your friends. To let someone know that you are interested in him, simple gestures like a little smile and calling him by his name can help. To make the other person feel important, you need to be a good listener and to encourage him to talk. Give your honest and sincere opinion, but do not make fun of him.
The second step is to develop trust in each other. You need to share opinions with this person and it is necessary for you to develop a habit of seeing things from his point of view. To become the best of friends, you must show concern and consideration for your friends’ desires and opinions.
The third and final step is to show your support and encouragement towards your friend. Moreover, you also need to be very clear about your expectations from your friend. If what you expect from the person you want to be a friend matches with what that person can and wants to do in friendship, the developing friendship between you and your friend is sure to be easy and successful.
小題1:What can we learn about friends and friendship?
A．Friendship is not important in our life.
B．Friends have nothing to do with our health and energy.
C．Friends can provide us with support.
D．Relatives can not become friends.
小題2:Which is the right order of making friends according to the writer?
① When you meet some problems, you ask him for help.
② When he is in trouble, you tell him your ideas.
③ You smile at him to let him know you like him.
A．②①③B．①②③ C．③①②D．③②①
小題3:We can infer from the passage that _____.
A．you can’t call your friend by his name
B．friends should understand each other
C．there should be no secret between friends
D．friends don’t need support and encouragement
小題4:What is the main purpose of the writer?
A．To tell us about the importance of making friends.
B．To tell us about the advantages and disadvantages of friendship.
C．To introduce the steps for making friends.
D．To tell us that friends are hard to make.
小題5:What’s the meaning of the underlined word gestures?
A．身勢語B．客人C．猜測D．表演

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

My mother lived in an old farm house in north Oregon，which was located far from any other neighbors.She lived with her elder brother and sisters.Since there were not enough rooms for them，her two sisters   __1__   the bigger bedroom downstairs，her brother in a room down the hall and she slept in the top room of the building.
The first   __2__   event that happened in that house was when my mother was about 10 years old.She was staying home sick with her brother.He had gone   __3__   to the kitchen when my mother heard a voice calling her name from the bottom of the stairs.The voice was  __4__   but that was impossible since the only other person in the house was her brother.That was followed by footsteps   __5__   the stairs to the top room.A few hours  __6__   her brother came up to see what she was doing.She asked him who the girl on the stairs was.He said there was no one in the house.
A few weeks later the  __7__   event happened.My grandmother was cooking supper in the kitchen.She turned around and two of the chairs were   __8__.She pushed them in and went back   __9__.About ten minutes later she turned around and three of the chairs were pulled out.My grandmother was quite   __10__ by this because only my mother's little sister was home at the time.
The last event at the house was the   __11__   and the one that made them move away.Her elder sister Josie was babysitting her younger one，Sarah，when there was a knock on the door.Josie went to   __12__   it and no one was there.She went to the   __13__   for some water and when she returned to the living room，Sarah was   __14__！She ran all over the house and   __15__  found Sarah sleeping in her bed.This was   __16__ because Sarah couldn't   __17__   the stairs without help because they were very steep.This frightened her so she woke up Sarah and   __18__   her downstairs.Then the phone rang.It was my grandma   __19__ to say that my grandfather had died and she wouldn't be coming home that night.She was about to turn on the TV   __20__   she heard a woman's footsteps coming towards her.She turned around but nobody was there.
小題1:
A．sharedB．supported
C．offeredD．a(chǎn)fforded
小題2:
A．interestingB．particular
C．strangeD．a(chǎn)nxious
小題3:
A．upstairsB．outsides
C．downstairsD．indoors
小題4:
A．maleB．other
C．femaleD．a(chǎn)nother
小題5:
A．turning upB．coming up
C．picking upD．sending up
小題6:
A．a(chǎn)goB．later
C．a(chǎn)fterD．former
小題7:
A．lastB．second
C．thirdD．final
小題8:
A．pulled outB．pointed out
C．thrown outD．given out
小題9:
A．turningB．pushing
C．cookingD．pulling
小題10:
A．delightedB．disappointed
C．frightenedD．satisfied
小題11:
A．bestB．worse
C．betterD．worst
小題12:
A．receiveB．a(chǎn)nswer
C．replyD．react
小題13:
A．kitchenB．living room
C．sitting roomD．bedroom
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)sleepB．lost
C．goneD．sleeping
小題15:
A．in the endB．a(chǎn)t first
C．firstlyD．a(chǎn)t the end
小題16:
A．unnecessaryB．desperate
C．separateD．impossible
小題17:
A．runB．walk
C．climbD．wander
小題18:
A．tookB．held
C．carriedD．brought
小題19:
A．cryingB．shouting
C．callingD．laughing
小題20:
A．whenB．before
C．whileD．until

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Microblogging is a broadcast medium in the form of blogging. A microblog differs from a traditional blog in that its content is typically much smaller, in both actual size and aggregate file size. Microblogs “allow users to exchange small elements of content such as short sentences, individual images, or video links”.
As with traditional blogging, microbloggers post about topics ranging from the simple, such as "what I'm doing right now," to the thematic(主題的), such as "sports cars.” Commercial microblogs also exist, to promote (促進(jìn)) websites, services and/or products, and to promote collaboration within an organization.
Some microblogging services offer features such as privacy settings, which allow users to control who can read their microblogs, or other ways of publishing rights besides entering the web-based interface.(界面) These may include text messaging, instant messaging, E-mail, or digital audio.
The first microblogs were known as tumblelogs. The term was invented in a blog post on April 12, 2005. However, by 2006 and 2007, the term microblog came into greater usage for such services provided by Tumblr and Twitter. Other leading social networking websites Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, and XING also have their own microblogging features, better known as status updates.
Several studies, especially by Harvard Business School have tried to analyze the usage behavior of Microblogging services. Many of these studies show that for services such as Twitter, there is a small group of active users contributing to most of the activity.
Twitter, Facebook and other microblogging services are also becoming a platform for marketing and public relations, with a sharp growth in the number of social media marketers. The Sysomos study shows that this specific group of marketers on Twitter is much more active than general user population, with 15% following more than 2,000 people.
小題1:Why is a microblog different from a traditional blog?
A．Because a microblog doesn’t include pictures, but a traditional blog does.
B．Because a microblog doesn’t include videos, but a traditional blog does.
C．Because a microblog has smaller contents than a traditional blog in actual and total file size.
D．Because a microblog can only be written on the cell-phones.
小題2:What is the meaning of the underlined word “collaboration” in the second paragraph?
A．Competition.B．Discussion.C．Tradition.D．Cooperation
小題3:Microblogging can protect the following privacy EXCEPT_______.
A．deciding the readers of the microblogs
B．a(chǎn)llowing readers to publish their views
C．readers’ deleting what a microblog says
D．deciding whether readers can enter it
小題4:We can infer from the passage that______.
A．microbloggers always post about the thematic topics instead of the simple ones
B．microblogging has developed so quickly and brought the owners more and more benefits.
C．microblogging protects both the owners’ and the readers’ privacy
D．the studies by Harward Business School have analyzed the usage of microblogging services

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The name England comes from the words “Angle land”．The Angles were people who came from northern Germany in the 5th and 6th centuries，after the Romans had left.The French name for England is Angleterre，which also means “Angle land”．There were also invasions (侵略) of southern England by Saxons and Jutes (people from another part of northern Germany)．English people are sometimes called Anglo­Saxons.The Celts who used to live in this area were forced to move back into Scotland，Ireland，Cornwall and into Western France (the area known as Brittany)．
England at first became a series of kingdoms，the strongest of which was Wessex (the name comes from West­Saxon)．The names of many of the areas in England come from this period—for example，the name Sussex comes from South­Saxon，Essex from East­Saxon，and East Anglia from East­Angle.The Vikings then came from Denmark，and later the Normans invaded from France. Eventually England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland were united，forming the United Kingdom.
The English language is the main language spoken throughout England，although there are many different accents.It can be difficult to know how to spell or to pronounce some English words，because the language has been influenced by Latin and Greek (languages used at the time of the Romans，and used in religion and education until recent times)，German (the language of the Angles，Saxons and Jutes)，F(xiàn)rench(the language of the Normans)，Gaelic/Scots (Celtic languages) and Danish (the language of the Vikings)．
There are now many people throughout the United Kingdom who speak a foreign language either as their first or second language；mainly due to immigration (移民) from Europe or the Commonwealth (countries which used to be part of the British Empire)．
小題1:According to the first paragraph，which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．The Romans were forced to leave England when the Jutes attacked there.
B．The Celts used to live in England but left for some reason.
C．Southern England once was attacked by Saxons and Jutes.
D．Angles and Saxons came from different parts of northern Germany.
小題2:In the history of England，________once was the strongest kingdom.
A．SussexB．Wessex
C．EssexD．East Anglia
小題3:What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A．English words are hard to spell and to pronounce.
B．England had been invaded by most of the countries of Europe.
C．The English language was influenced by several foreign languages.
D．It’s hard for people who have different English accents to communicate.
小題4:Why do many people in the UK speak a foreign language nowadays?
A．Because they are required to learn a foreign language at school.
B．Because they plan to live outside the UK in the future.
C．Because they have moved from other countries.
D．Because they have worked in other countries.
小題5:The author writes this passage to________.
A．tell the history of England
B．tell how the United Kingdom was formed
C．introduce the main spoken language throughout England
D．tell the origin of the name of England

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Every child has written their names on the beach at some point.
But whereas most people’s “handwriting” is washed away, one super-rich Arab sheikh(酋長) has ensure that his graffiti(胡寫亂畫) will last a little longer.
Hamad Bin Hamdan Al Nahyan, 63, has scrawled his name in sand on an island he owns with letters so big that they be seen from space.
The word “HAMAD” measures 1,000 meters high and is a staggering two miles long from the “H” to the “D” on the Al Futaisi Island.
And rather than allow the writing to be washed away by the ocean, the letters actually form waterways that absorb the encroaching(滲入) tide. The ruler’s name is even visible on Google’s map service.
Hamad dreamed up the idea and had his workmen work hard for weeks to craft the enormous piece of sand graffiti. It is not known how much it cost to make.
However, the sheikh boasts a personal fortune second to the Saudi king’s.
Hamad, also known as the “Rainbow Sheikh”, is a member of the Abu Dhabi Ruling Family.
He is understood to have some 200 cars including seven Mercedes 500 SELs painted in different colors of the rainbow which he stores in a giant pyramid.
The Arab sheikh had a taste for doing things on a large scale. He built the world’s largest truck—eight times the size of the Dodge Power Wagon, with four bedrooms inside the cabin.
Hamad constructed a motor home in the shape of a giant globe which is exactly 1 millionth the size of the actual earth.
Alongside his displays of wealth he has become a well-known philanthropist(慈善家) in medicine and supplied a complete Kinney stone operating theatre to a public hospital in Morocco where he continues to fund its stuff.
小題1:Which of the following in NOT true according to the passage?
A．Hamad is a man who wants himself to be well-known from apace.
B．Hamad is a super-rich person who always does something unusual.
C．Hamad is a man who is always so mean in his family
D．Hamad is a man who boasts his fortune is second to the Saudi king’s
小題2:In what way could Hamad make his handwriting last longer?
A. The word “HAMAD” measures 1,000 meters wide and high.
B The word “HAMAD” is a staggering two miles long from the “H” to the “D”.
C. The word “HAMAD” actually forms huge waterways that absorb the encroaching tide.
D. The word “HAMAD” cost his workmen a lot of hard work for several weeks.
小題3:Why does Hamad have his seven Mercedes-Benz500 SELs painted in different colors?
A．Perhaps he hoped his cars were stored in a giant pyramid safely.
B．In some ways he could make a very strange rainbow.
C．Maybe he just wanted to show off his wealth.
D．He is always interested in making his cars like these.
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．The Rainbow Sheikh’s name can be seen from space
B．The richest Arab sheikh’s name has made many funny things
C．A great person likes doing things on a large scale
D．A well-known philanthropist displays his wealth

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are stories about two U．S . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain the American English term OK．We don’t know if either story is true，but they are both interesting．
The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education．In fact，he had difficulty reading and writing．When important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said．If he approved of a paper, he would write “all correct”on it．The problem was that he didn’t know how to spell．So what he really wrote was “ol korekt”．After a while，he shortened that term to “OK”．
The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York．Van Buren’s friends organized a club to help him become President .They called the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”．
小題1:The author  __________.
A．believes both of the stories
B．doesn’t believe a word of the stories
C．is not sure whether the stories are true
D．is telling the stories just for fun
小題2:According to the passage，President Jackson_____________.    
A．couldn’t draw up any documents at all
B．didn’t like to read important papers by himself
C．often had his assistants sign documents for him
D．wasn’t good at reading，writing or spelling
小題3:According to the first story, the term “OK”_______________.  
A．was approved of by President Jackson
B．was the title of some Official documents
C．was first used by President Jackson
D．was an old way to spell “all correct’’
小題4:According to the second story，the term ‘‘OK”_____________.  
A．was the short way to say‘ ‘old Kinderhook Club”
B．meant the place where President Van Buren was born
C．was the name of Van Buren’s club
D．was used to call Van Buren’s supporters in the election
小題5:According to the second story, the term “OK” was first used ______________
A．by Van Buren
B．in a presidential election
C．to organize the Old Kinderhook Club
D．by the members of the ‘‘Old Kinderhook Club”

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For many years, Hawaii has been a magic name to people who like to travel. People on both sides of the Pacific Ocean, in Japan and in America, dream of seeing these beautiful islands in the middle of the ocean. Their dreams always include at least one scene of a sunset over the ocean. In the tropical(熱帶的) lands, the sun drops, like a ball of golden fire, into the sea, and it droops so quickly that you can almost see it move. The sun leaves behind a glow that lights the skies and shines in the quiet water.
People often have a quiet, peaceful time ---perfect for a leisurely(悠閑的) walk along the water. This scene is not too different from the dramatic(令人神往的) beauty that greeted the first strangers to these islands centuries ago. They were Polynesian people who came from Tahiti in canoes not much bigger than small boats.
They found the beautiful white sand beaches and the waving palm trees, but there were no giant hotels like the ones we see nowadays. The first people came to Hawaii nearly two thousand years ago, but skyscraper hotels were only built in the last 25 years. Now jet planes make it possible to fly to for a weekend from Tokyo. Wherever the people come from, they really want to see the original beauty of Hawaii. They want to see the lovely beaches and the mountain called Diamond Head which is almost hidden by the tall hotels.
小題1:Hawaii is a name _____.
A．given by people who like to travel
B．a(chǎn)ttracting a lot of travelers
C．with a magic story behind it
D．liked by both the Japanese and Americans
小題2:On these beautiful islands, one thing that every traveler won't miss is_____.
A．to swim in the quiet water
B．to see the tropical plants
C．to see the sunset
D．a(chǎn) leisurely walk along the beach
小題3:Which of the following does not belong to "the original beauty of Hawaii"?
A．White sand beaches.
B．Waving palm trees.
C．Tall hotels.
D．The Diamond Head Mountain.
小題4:The last paragraph suggests_______
A．the scenery nowadays is not too different from the original beauty.
B．it's not quite easy to see the original beauty, because some of the scenery is almost hidden by tall hotels.
C．it is easy to see the original beauty, but only by taking jet airplanes.
D．it is not easy to see the original beauty because things have completely changed in the last 25 years.
小題5:The best title of the passage is _______
A．Islands Scenery.
B．Hawaii A Magic Name.
C．Traveling In Hawaii.
D．The Dramatic Beauty.

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