People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.
The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding （繁殖） rights within the group,” explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”
The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical （等級(jí)的） societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”
小題1:When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it        .
A．faces dangerB．has breeding rights
C．eats its competitorD．leaves the group itself
小題2:The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to        .
A．the fish beaten upB．the fish found out
C．the fish fattened upD．the fish driven away
小題3:The experiment showed that the smaller fish        .
A．fought over a feast B．went on diet willingly
C．preferred some extra foodD．challenged the boss fish
小題4:What is the text mainly about?
A．Fish dieting and human dieting.
B．Dieting and health.
C．Human dieting.
D．Fish dieting.

小題1:A
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:D

小題1:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。從第二段each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor.可以判斷出小于5 - 10%的未來(lái)最大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。
小題2:詞義判斷題。由上句it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not，…可以推斷出D的答案。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從第三段最后一句話中可知道，拒絕供給他們額外的食物，而保持小,避免戰(zhàn)斗。故選B。
小題4:主題概括題。從文章中的一段和最后一段：研究已經(jīng)證明了這一事實(shí),節(jié)食是自愿的習(xí)慣遠(yuǎn)非人類�！�
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空


Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit.They sleep better and wake up feeling more__61 ,in part due to increased
amounts of deep sleep. Deep sleep may play a role in the body restoring(恢)itself__62,as opposed to REM(rapid eye movement) or dreaming sleep. Researchers have found that physical exercise, especially__63 in the afternoon orearly evening,produces more__64 early in the night.
__65can also help you get a better night's sleep in a number of indirect ways. The relaxation and tiredness __66by exercise can improve sleep.
Exercise encourages weight loss and also may __67 depression. Exercising later in the day can also help delay the __68 drop in your body's temperature. The __69  of exercise are especially important for older people, __70 exercise has been shown to increase the amount of sleep senior adults get in a night and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep. But be sure you finish exercising at least 4 hours before bedtime—working out later than that could leave you too excited to fall asleep easily.
61.A. conscious      B. peaceful      C. effective      D. refreshed
62.A. physically     B. mentally      C. emotionally    D. regularly
63.A. made           B. done          C. functioned     D. conducted
64.A. night's sleep     B. dreaming sleep   C. deep sleep       D. REM
65.A. Exercise       B. Dreams        C. Researchers    D. Doctors
66.A. recovered      B. strengthened  C. caused         D. reduced
67.A. increase       B. relieve       C. release        D. arouse
68.A. nighttime      B. daytime       C. dinnertime     D. lifetime
69.A. disadvantages  B. benefits      C. ways           D. places
70.A. yet            B. if            C. when           D. Since

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Winter depression (or winter blues) is a common affliction (折磨) for those who live in our northern climate. Its clinical name is seasonal affective disorder (or SAD) and up to 5% of the population (especially in northern states) may suffer from it. Seasonal affective disorder is characterized by feelings of sadness and depression that occur in the winter months when the temperatures drop and the days grow short . The depression is often associated with excessive eating or sleeping and weight gain. Women are twice to three times more likely to suffer from the winter blues than men.
There are many effective treatments for winter depression, some of which you can do to help yourself. Increasing your daily exposure to as much natural light as possible can be helpful to many. Any time that you have the opportunity to gain access to more sunlight in the winter months, you should try to do so. Taking walks throughout the day (even if you don’t normally do so), sitting next to a south-facing window at your office, in a classroom, or at home will increase your sunlight exposure. Exercising next to a window or outdoors (when possible) is another activity that can help.
Although it may be difficult to do, maintaining your schedule and lifestyle will help to keep the depression at bay. A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain. It may be helpful, for instance, to have your bedroom lights on a timer to turn on a half-hour before you wake. This may help in waking at a regular time every morning, when it is still dark outside in the winter months.
Light therapy has shown to be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder. While you can purchase expensive, specialized light therapy lighting fixtures for your home or office, some inexpensive alternatives are also available. Another lighting technique to try is to replace commonly used light bulbs in your home with brighter full spectrum (also known as broad spectrum) light bulbs. While more expensive than regular light bulbs, these bulbs provide light that is similar to natural sunlight.
If none of these techniques seem to help your depressive symptoms, you should consider consulting your family physician or a mental health professional. The winter blues are a form of depression and can be readily treated w ith medications or psychotherapy when other self-help methods aren’t effective. Don’t be afraid to talk about this condition with a professional; it’s nothing to be ashamed or afraid of. With a little effort, the winter blues can be beaten
小題1: What do we know about winter depression?
A．It is very common where the weather is cold.
B．It may lead to weight gain.
C．It occurs when the temperatures drop.
D．It seldom affects men.
小題2:What is the most important factor in the therapy introduced in the second paragraph?
A．Exposure to natural light.
B．Sports in winter months.
C．Outdoor activities.
D．Sunlight through the window.
小題3:What does “to keep the depression at bay” mean in the third paragraph?
A．To shorten the duration of the depression.
B．To use light to resist the depression.
C．To keep the depression manageable and minimal.
D．To delay the occurrence of the depression.
小題4: For winter depression, light therapy ___________.
A．is much more effective than other kinds of therapy
B．is so expensive that some may not be able to afford it
C．encourages people to do outdoor exercises
D．needs specialized bulbs to replace ordinary ones
小題5:We can infer from the passage that __________.
A．self-help methods do not work 100% of the time
B．medications or psychotherapy is much more effective
C．mental health professionals don’t recommend self- help methods
D．most people prefer self-help methods to medications

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a related threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke。
That's the term being   1  to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(顆粒) clinging(依附) to smokers' hair and   2 , not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining   3 heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in,   4 if they're crawling or playing on the floor。
Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to   5 these chemicals in a new study that   6 on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the  7 issue of the journal Pediatrics。
"Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, 8 they don't know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。
"When their kids are   9 the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用帶子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and   10 , and they think it's okay because the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their  11 . We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't  12 ."
The study reported on  13 toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were   14 that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers  15 with the statement that "inhaling smoke from a parent's cigarette can   16 the health of infants and children"。
But   17 fewer of those surveyed were aware of the  18 of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that "breathing air in a room   19 where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children"。
Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that  20 , which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke。
(    ) 1. A. told                 B. discussed   C. used                 D. mentioned
(    ) 2. A. shoes                      B. clothing     C. body                D. mouth
(    ) 3. A. includes           B. covers       C. finds                D. improves
(    ) 4. A. especially         B. specially    C. immediately      D. regularly
(    ) 5. A. name                      B. call           C. explain             D. describe
(    ) 6. A. focused            B. tended       C. tried                 D. worked
(    ) 7. A. later                 B. latest         C. best                  D. previous
(    ) 8. A. but                  B. and           C. however           D. or
(    ) 9. A. alongside          B. out of        C. in                    D. beside
(    ) 10. A. cough             B. talk           C. observe            D. smoke
(    ) 11. A. cars                B. seats          C. kids                 D. windows
(    ) 12. A. visible            B. invisible    C. poisonous         D. concrete
(    ) 13. A. policies          B. attitudes    C. bans                 D. habits
(    ) 14. A. told                B. content      C. confident          D. aware
(    ) 15. A. opposed          B. agreed       C. fought              D. connected
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(    ) 17. A. quite              B. very          C. far                   D. too
(    ) 18. A. chances          B. risks          C. abilities            D. conditions
(    ) 19. A. tomorrow       B. today               C. yesterday          D. weekend
(    ) 20. A. statement               B. mark         C. discussion         D. prejudice

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I came to live here where I am now between Wounded Knee Greek and Grass Greek。Others came too, and we made these little grey houses of logs that you see, and they are square. It is a bad way to live, for there can be no power in a square.
You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the respectful circle of the nation, and so long as the circle was unbroken, the people were getting rich. The flowering tree was the living center of the circle, and the circle of the four quarters nursed it. The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and strong wind gave strength and continuous power.
This knowledge came to us from the outer world with our brief. Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. Birds make their nests in circle, for theirs are the same as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves.
Our places were like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation’s circle, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to nurse our children.
But the “white people” have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are dying, for the power is not in us any more. You can look at our boys and see how it is with us. Where we were living by the power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve or thirteen years of age. But now it takes them very much longer to grow up.
小題1:According to the passage, the Indians _______.
A．don’t have modern instruments in their homes
B．refused to move from round places
C．lived in round places, but were forced to live in square houses
D．lived in round places, but then decided to move into square houses
小題2:Two things being compared in the passage are _______.
A．the Indians’ past and present living conditions
B．the Indians’ past and modern beliefs
C．the Indians’ old and new power
D．people and nature
小題3:In the second paragraph “the four quarters” refers to _______.
A．the four rooms of the Indian’s house
B．the four kinds of natural power
C．the four seasons
D．the four directions
小題4:According to the author, once the Indians moved into square houses, _______.
A．they had to move to other houses
B．boys took more time to grow into men
C．they forgot the old way of life
D．everyone was not happy

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Common indoor plants may prove to be a valuable weapon in the fight against rising levels of indoor air pollution. Those plants in your office or home are not only pretty, but NASA scientists are finding them to be surprisingly useful in absorbing possible harmful gases and cleaning the air inside modern buildings.?
NASA have announced the finds of a 2-year study that suggested the common indoor plants may provide a natural way of helping fight against “Sick Building Syndrome(綜合癥)”.?
Research into the use of biological processes as a means of solving environmental problems, both on Earth and in space habitats, has been carried out for many years by Dr. Bill Wloverton, a senior research scientist at NASA. ?
Based on preliminary evaluations(初步評(píng)估) of the use of common indoor plants for indoor air purification(凈化),NASA funded a study using about a dozen popular varieties of attractive plants to determine their effectiveness in removing several key pollutants linked with indoor air pollution. NASA research on indoor has found that living plants are so efficient at absorbing pollutants in the air that some will be launched into space as part of the biological life support system aboard future orbiting space stations.?
While more research is needed, Wolverton says the study has shown that common indoor plants can remove certain pollutants from the indoor environment. “We feel that future results will provide an even stronger argument that common indoor plants can be a very effective part of a system used to provide pollution free homes and work places,” he concludes.?
“Combining nature with technology can increase the effectiveness of plants in removing air pollutants,” he said.
NASA research has always shown that living, green and flowering plants can remove several poisonous chemicals from the air inside buildings. You can use plant in your home or office to improve the quality of the air to make it a more pleasant place to live and work—where people feel better, perform better, and enjoy life more.
小題1:The main idea of the passage is _______.?
A．plants are very useful to human beings?
B．indoor plants can help remove indoor air pollution?
C．indoor plants should be raised in both homes and offices?
D．NASA have studied indoor plants for many years?
小題2:Why do you think NASA are very interested in indoor plants??
A．Some indoor plants would be used in space stations.?
B．They want to find a way to cure Sick Building Syndrome.?
C．They need indoor plants to carry out their experiments.?
D．Indoor plants are pretty and attractive.?
小題3:The underlined word “pollutants” refers to _______.?
A．some kinds of indoor plantsB．ways to solve air pollution?
C．research on indoor plantsD．poisonous chemicals in the air?

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

  Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to store it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.
All foods including water — cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean (瘦的) meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is controlled.
Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration (脫水) is to put food in chambers (室) through which hot air is blown at temperature of about ll0'C at entry to about 43'C at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.
Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder (圓筒), then put them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first process, the dried material comes off the roller (滾筒) as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively flakes (薄片). In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as small powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients (成分) are dried separately and then mixed.
Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or
frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they
are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage
space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook
them.
小題1:It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．the rattier fish contain as much water as the lean one
B．the rattier the fish is, the more water it may contain
C．a(chǎn) fatty fish holds less water than a lean one
D．the water content of fish has nothing to do with the content of their fat
小題2: The underlined word "conventional" in Paragraph 3 can most probably be replaced by _________.
A．particularB．scientificC．usualD．special
小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT true about drying food?
A．The removal of water in food helps prevent it from going rotten.
B．The open-air method of drying food has been known for hundreds of years.
C．In the course of dehydration, the temperature of hot current coming from entry to exit is gradually going up.
D．The process of drying liquids is much more complex than that of drying solid food.
小題4:The last paragraph mainly talks about __________.
A．the reason why housewives like dried food
B．the general convenience of dried food
C．the methods of storing food
D．the advantages of dried, canned and frozen food

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Starting the day on an egg could keep your blood pressure(血壓) under control, research suggests．Scientists have shown that eggs produce proteins with a function similar to that of powerful blood pressure-lowering drugs．
The research, from the University of Alberta in Canada, showed that when eggs come in contact with stomach enzymes(酶) they produce a protein that acts in the same way as Ace inhibitors, but more work is needed to show the effects outside a lab and in the human body．
Earlier this month, British researchers declared that, contrary to popular beliefs, it is healthy to go to work on an egg．They concluded that the type of cholesterol (膽固醇) found in eggs has little effect on increasing heart disease risks．
Researcher Professor Bruce Griffin, from the University of Surrey, said:“The wrong beliefs linking egg eating to high blood cholesterol and heart disease must be corrected ．The amount of fat in our diet has an effect on blood cholesterol that is several times greater than the relatively small amounts of cholesterol found in eggs．The UK public do not need to be limiting the number of eggs they eat．They can be encouraged to include them in a healthy diet as they are one of nature’s most nutritious foods．”
The British Heart Foundation dropped its three-egg-a-week limit in 2005．However, almost half of Britons believe the limit still applies．
小題1:From the text we know that Ace inhibitors are         ．
A．a(chǎn) kind of medicineB．a(chǎn) kind of protein
C．a(chǎn) kind of illnessD．a(chǎn) kind of food
小題2:According to what Professor Brcue said, eggs        ．
A．a(chǎn)re the most nutritious food．
B．have no effect on blood cholesterol
C．can be included in a healthy diet
D．a(chǎn)re forbidden to be eaten in the UK
小題3:We can infer from the text that           ．
A．drugs to lower blood pressure will be replaced by eating eggs
B．stomach enzymes mixed with eggs can cure heart diseases
C．most Britons agree the three-egg-a-week limit should be dropped
D．a(chǎn)bout 50% of Britons think eating an egg a day is bad for their health
小題4:The text is meant         ．
A．to introduce scientific findings about eggs
B．to introduce a medicine made from eggs
C．to tell people how to lower their blood pressure
D．to advise people to eat as many eggs as possible

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


B
There is an English saying: “l(fā)aughter is best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter had similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmer. The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the groups which listened to a funny programmer. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain.  
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
60.Doctors have proved the following EXCEPT that      .
A. smiling does good to health                  B. laughter can be tolerated
C. there is a way to reduce pain                      D. laughter can work the muscles in the feet
61. The main idea of the passage is       .
A. laughter and physical exercise have similar effects on the human body
B. smile can produce the same effects as laughter
C. pain can be reduced by laughter  
D. laughter is the best medicine
62.The underlined word “diminish” is similar to       .
A. test             B. stop                     C. reduce                  D. increase
63. Doctors hold laughter clinics _________.
A. to give better condition to their patients
B. in order to improve patients’ health
C. to make patients smile   
D. to prove smile and laughter have the same effect

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