There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.
　　In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
　　An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
　　In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste（階級） may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. An inactive society may result.
小題1:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B．To explain the science of economics.
C．To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D．To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
小題2:In the second paragraph, the underlined word “real” could best be replaced by _______.
A．valuableB．concreteC．a(chǎn)bsoluteD．reliable
小題3:According to the passage, a barter economy can generate ______.
A．rapid speed of transactionsB．misunderstandings
C．inflationD．difficulties for the traders
小題4:According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system?
A．Individual households.B．Small businesses.
C．Major corporations.D．The government.
小題5:Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion（標準）for determining a person’s position in a traditional society?
A．Family backgroundB．Age
C．Religious beliefs.D．Custom

小題1:A
小題1:B
小題1:D
小題1:D
小題1:B
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.
In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men’s house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the men’s house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.
Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lese on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple’s eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.
Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a family group, arc not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be children of that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.
There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste (social class) system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva（唾液）,of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual or from a low-ranking class.
小題1:According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?
A．The English during regular meals.
B．Americans on their first date.
C．Men and women in Near Eastern societies.
D．Newly-married people on the island of New Ireland.
小題2:In Paragraph 4, the underlined word "taboos" means _____________.
A．favorsB．prohibitionsC．hatredD．gossips
小題3:According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT         .
A．the type of foodB．social relations.
C．marital statusD．family ties.
小題4:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Different kinds of food in western countries.
B． Relations between food and social units.
C． Symbolic meanings of different kinds of food.
D．Food consumption in different cultures.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There is no doubt that music plays a powerful role in our lives. It can calm our tired nerves after a busy day of work. Music even has the power to move us to tears when it stirs(激起) an emotional reaction. How then, does music play a role in special education?
If music has the ability to touch those hidden places we all carry inside, it proves an important tool for the special education teacher. For students with emotional problems, music can help soothe(撫慰) sadness. Consider the child that arrives in class depressed and upset. If music can indeed relax and calm him, he is more likely to focus and participate in class.
Dr. R. Joseph, author of Behavioral Neurology, writes, “It is well recorded that patients with left hemisphere(大腦半球) damage, who may be unable to speak or recognize words, can sing a melody(曲調(diào)).”
For this reason, some special education teachers have found it helpful to set their lessons to music. When students cannot understand or remember certain things, singing them helps make it easier.
Nature magazine reported “Music training helps underachievers. In Rhode Island, researchers studied eight public school first grade classes. Half of the classes became ‘text-arts’groups, receiving ongoing music training. After seven months, the students were given a test. The tested group had caught up with their fellow students in reading and surpassed(超過) their classmates in math by 22 percent. In the second year of the project, the tested students widened this even further. Students were also tested on attitude and behavior. Classroom teachers also noted improvement in these areas.”
It seems music does, indeed, play an important role in education. For the special education teacher, this is especially encouraging.
小題1:The first paragraph is mainly about _______.
A．the role of music in education
B．the importance of music in life
C．the relationship between music and work results
D．the relationship between music and behavior
小題2:For students with emotional problems, music might be _______.
A．a(chǎn) toyB．a(chǎn) punishmentC．a(chǎn) medicineD．a(chǎn) puzzle
小題3:According to Dr. R. Joseph, people with left hemisphere damage _______.
A．a(chǎn)re unable to recognize people
B．can produce some musical sounds
C．can become special education teachers
D．might suffer right hemisphere damage too
小題4:The tested students mentioned in the fifth paragraph _______.
A．behaved badly after the study
B．Didn’t show any difference after the study
C．had done well in their reading and math before
D．received certain music education during the study
小題5:What is the text mainly about?
A．The meaning of special education.
B．The history of music education.
C．The problem in music education.
D．The role of music in special education

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When someone says, “Well, I guess I’ll have to face the music”, it doesn’t mean that he is planning to go to hear a singer or attend a concert. It is something far less unhappy than you are called in by your leader to explain why you did this and that or why you did not do this or that.
At some time or another, every one of us has to “face the music”, especially (尤其) as children. We can all remember father?s angry words “I want to talk to you”. And only because we did not listen to him. What a bad thing it was!
In the middle or at the end of every term, we students have to “face the music”. The result of the exam will decide whether we will face the music or not. If...that means parents cold faces and contempt (輕視) of the teachers and classmates.
“To face the music” is well known to every American, young or old. It is at least 100 years old. It really means that you have to do something, no matter (無論) how terrible the whole thing might be, because you know you have no choice.
小題1:“To face the music"means “to____ ”.
A．do something that we don’t like toB．go to the theatre
C．go to the music showD．do something that we want to
小題2:In the third paragraph, “If...”really means “If____ ”.
A．we don’t do a good jobB．we get an“A” in the exam
C．the exam is easyD．the exam is difficult
小題3:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．“To face the music” is well known in the United States.
B．“To face the music” has a history of more than 100 years.
C．The young Americans know what “to face the music” means.
D．Only the old in the United States know the meaning of“to face the music”.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

American like to visit the national parks. In 1996, over 250,000,000 people visited areas run by the National Park Service. Experts predict that by 2010, 500,000,000 people per year will visit the parks. As a result, people are trying to think of ways to protect the parks from the crowds.
The crowding of the parks has caused several problems. One is that there is not enough space for all of the people who want to use the parks. To cope with this problem, national parks may require reservations （預(yù)約）months in advance for some spots. The Park Service may also raise entrance fees at these places.
Another problem caused by increased park use is pollution. Some garbage and waste can be cleaned up, and the cleanup can be paid for by increased entrance fees. To cut down on noise pollution and air pollution, officials may decrease（減少） the number of cars allowed in parks. If this happens, people may use buses to travel around the parks. Officials may also limit（限制） the use of jet-skis, snowmobiles (摩托雪橇), motorboats, and sightseeing helicopters and planes.
The parks are also threatened by development that is going on around them. For example, around Yellow Stone Park, many motels (汽車旅館), golf courses, resorts, and other tourist attractions have been built. Some of these developments affect areas that are used by animals. People will have to learn to agree about ways to protect the parks. If they do not, there will soon be no reason to visit these national treasures.
小題1: By 2010, the number of visitors will rise by ______.
A．250 millionB．500 millionC．2.5 billionD．5 billion
小題2:If you want to visit the national parks, you may have to _____ in the future.
A．pay less than beforeB．stay there for months
C．book the ticket before monthsD．fill in a form to apply for the ticket
小題3: Entrance fees may be increased _______.
A．just for the benefit of the National Park Service
B．either to limit the number of visitors or to pay for the cleaner
C．not only to protect the animals but to reduce the noise pollution
D．merely for the development of the national parks
小題4:What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?
A．People are not supposed to visit the national parks for fear that they will harm the animals.
B．Only if more man-made tourist attractions are built will more people visit the parks.
C．It is reasonable to keep the balance between the development of the parks and the reserve.
D．People will not visit the national parks since there are no golf courses and resorts.
小題5:What can be inferred from the passage?
A．High fees may probably keep some people out of parks.
B．Helicopters and planes will not be used in parks any longer.
C．The bus will become the only tool in parks with the purpose of pollution reduction.
D．The National Park Service welcomes as many visitors as possible.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Popular breakfast foods in the United States, as in many other countries around the world, include coffee, milk , juice, eggs, and bread. Some other breakfast items served in the United States are thought by many to be traditionally American. However, they actually come from other cultures.
A very popular breakfast food in America is the pancake--- a thin , flat cake made out of flour and often served with maple syrup. The idea of the pancake is very old. In fact, pancakes were made long ago in ancient China.
Bagels, a round thick bread with a hole in the middle , are also popular for breakfast in America. Polish people in the late 1600s came up with the idea for the first bagels and this new kind of bread soon took off across Eastern Europe.
In the late 1800s, thousands of Jews from Eastern Europe travelled to the United States and brought the recipe for bagels with them. Today, New York bagels are said to be the best in the world. Many people have them with cream for breakfast on the go.
Doughnuts (usually spelled “donut” in the United States) came from France. They were served to American soldiers in France in the World War Ⅰ. After the war, American soldiers asked cooks in the United States to make doughnuts for them. Now , served with coffee, they are a very popular breakfast food across the United States.
小題1:This reading is mainly about ________
A．famous places to eat breakfast.
B．why people in the United States eat breakfast
C．the most popular types of pancakes in the United States
D．the history of popular breakfast foods in the United States.
小題2:The oldest breakfast food in the passage is ______
A．the pancakeB．the bagelC．the doughnutD．The passage doesn’t say.
小題3:Which sentence is true for both bagels and donuts?
A．They both came from EuropeB．They are both easy to make
C．They are both sweetD．people in New York make them best
小題4:Who brought bagels to America?
A．Polish peopleB．Jewish PeopleC．Chinese PeopleD．American soldiers
小題5:Who served donuts to American soldiers during World War Ⅰ?
A．French peopleB．Jewish people
C．other American soldiersD．cooks from the United States.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The custom of celebrating from the end of January until mid-February has long been popular in Quebec City, Canada. The first large Winter Carnival here, in the world’s snow capital, took place in 1894. Faced with winter’s hardships, the city’s population made this popular tradition into a winter celebration that warmed the hearts of all people.
Interrupted by two wars and then the economic crisis of 1929, the Carnival was held from time to time until the second half of the century. In 1954, a group of business people re-started the festivities. That year, Bonhomme was born and was elected the event’s representative.
The next year the first official Quebec Winter Carnival took place. The Carnival snowballed into a big event and was important for tourism and economic activity in the city.
From one winter to the next, the Carnival enriched its activity program. We have since added even more popular activities, such as winter sports, snow sculptures, and activities based on the traditional Quebec lifestyle, such as dogsled races. The Quebec Winter Carnival is the largest winter carnival in the world today, and is third on the list of Top Carnivals after the famous carnivals in Rio and New Orleans.
1960
The people living along Rue Sainte-Therese created many snow or ice sculptures, and this location became known as Carnival Street.
1964
The name of Bonhomme Carnival and his image became registered trademarks.
1970
A new tradition was born: closing the event with a firework display.
1975
A new activity, called The Break, was created, on Friday from noon till midnight. Many employers gave their employees time off so they could go dancing at the Quebec City Convention Centre. The event continued to be held until 1986, sometimes late into the night.
1977
Until 1991, the Carnival offered a children’s sculpture competition.
1987
The snow bath became part of the program.
1999
Because of the importance of volunteers, the human resources department was created to improve organization.
小題1:The Quebec Winter Carnival     .
A．is held from mid-February to the end of March
B．is an encouragement for the local people in winter
C．is the second largest carnival in the winter
D．has as many activities as when it was first held
小題2:

小題3:

小題4:

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

　The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman‘s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement(退休) at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by modern living conditions.
　　This important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women‘s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left schools at the first chance, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women usually marry younger, more married women stay at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with the both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.
　小題1:According to the passage, around the year 1900 most women married ________.
　　A. at about twenty-five B. in their early fifties
　　C as soon as possible after they were fifteen
　　D. at any age from fifteen to forty-five
　小題2: We are told that in a common family about 1900 _________.
A．many children died before they were five
B．seven or eight children lived to be more than five
C．the youngest child would be fifteen
D．four or five children died when they were five
小題3:When she was over fifty, the late nineteenth-century mother _________.
A．would be healthy enough to take up paid jobs
B．was usually expected to die fairly soon
C．would expect to work until she died
D．was unlikely to find a job even if she wanted one
小題4:According to the passage, the women of today usually _________.
A．marry instead of getting paid workB．marry before they are twenty-five
C．have more children under fifteenD．have too few children

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Thanks to the huge success of Harry Potter, many teenagers dream about living in an ancient castle. These dreams may include beautiful silk dresses, delicious food, servants and of course, magic. However, real life in an English castle was not easy. With thick stonewalls and high towers, castles were built for defence(防御). So they were not good places to live in. In medieval times, castles must have been noisy and smelly places. Horses, cattle, chickens and sheep walked free, blacksmiths did ironwork, soldiers practised sword (劍) fights, and children of all ages played around them. Castles did not have central heating; the only heat came from the fireplace. Even in summer the castle was cool. People living in the castles had to use blankets to keep warm while at work.
Life during the Middle Ages began at sunrise. Servants lit the fire, swept the floor and cooked the morning meal. The mid-morning meal was the main meal of the day and often included three or four courses (一道菜). After dinner, everyone continued his or her work. The owner of the castle, the lord, sometimes took his guests hunting or shooting. His wife, the lady, spent much of the day watching the maids (女仆) work, as well as people working in the kitchen. She also kept an eye on the weavers and embroiderers who made clothes for the family. Supper was simple and eaten late, just before bedtime.
You may find some old magic books in a castle as Harry Potter once did. Read them before you go to bed, because when you fall asleep the magic of castle life may appear before your eyes.
小題1: For what purpose were the castles built in England?
A．To defend the city or country against enemies.
B．To provide a working place for blacksmiths.
C．To raise poultry (家禽) and livestock (家畜).
D．To provide a place for teenagers to learn magic.
小題2: Why were the ancient castles noisy?
A．Because soldiers practiced sword fights there.
B．Because blacksmiths did ironwork there.
C．Because children of all ages played around them.
D．All of the above.
小題3: Which of the following about family life in castles is true according to the passage?
A．The servants in castles lived an easy life.
B．The wife spent much of the day at home.
C．Supper was eaten before sunset.
D．Dinner was eaten in the middle of the day.
小題4:The main idea of this passage is ______.
A．castles were not good places to live in
B．castles in novels are different from those in history
C．Harry Potter's story in a castle affected people
D．what real life was like in an ancient castle

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