All schoolchildren should have "happiness" lessons up to the age of 18 to combat(fight) growing levels of depression, according to a senior Government adviser.
Pupils should study subjects such as how to manage feelings, attitudes to work and money, channeling (引導(dǎo)) negative emotions and even how to take a critical view of the media, said Lord Layard, a professor of economics at the London School of Economics.
The proposal comes only days after the Government said that lessons in manners—including respect for the elderly and how to say "please" and "thank you" should be taught in secondary schools to combat bad behavior.
Lord Layard said, "Learning hard things takes an enormous amount of practice. To play the violin well takes10,000 hours of practice. How can we expect people to learn to be happy without massive amounts of practice and repetition?"
It is believed that at least two percent of British children under 12 now struggle with significant depression. Among teenagers, the figure rises to five percent. AUNICEF study involving 21 developed countries showed that British children were the least satisfied with their lives, while the World Health Organization predicts that childhood psychiatric (精神)disorders will rise by 50 percent by 2020.
In a speech at Cambridge University, Lord Layard said the Government's lessons in manners did not go far enough. "We need a commitment to producing a major specialism in this area, with a serious teacher training program," he said.
However, happiness lessons have been criticized by academics. Frank Furedi, a sociology professor at Kent University and author of Therapy Culture, said, "In pushing emotional literacy, what some teachers are really doing is abandoning teaching. They are giving up and talking about emotions instead, so that children value all this non-discipline-led activity more than math, English or science. What is amazing about this is that time and time again, research says that it does not work. "
小題1: Frank Furedi believes that ______.
A．happiness lessons should be taught to children
B．happiness lessons are just a waste of time
C．formal teaching can go side by side with happiness lessons
D．formal teaching should not give way to happiness lessons
小題2: We can conclude from the passage that _______.
A．the British Government hasn't fully realized the problems with British students
B．Lord Layard thinks little of the Government's lessons in manners
C．British students are not well-behaved enough
D．lessons in manners have brought about positive changes in British students
小題3: Which of the following methods does Lord Layard use to show learning to be happy takes practice?
A．Comparison.B．Description.C．Argument.D．Analysis.
小題4: What does Lord Layard think of the Government's lessons in manners?
A．They are quite enough to solve the present problem.
B．They can hardly meet the special demands of education.
C．They are only focused on a major specialism.
D．They will probably end up in failure.
小題5:What do we know about British children from the passage? 
A．They are the least happy among 21 developed countries.
B．They suffer depression at an earlier age.
C．They are the easiest to suffer childhood psychiatric disorders.
D．Their standard of living is the lowest among 21 developed countries.
小題1:D小題1:C小題1:A小題1:B小題1:A
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf nark. An animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling was an important means of communication each other. There are different explants of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.      One theory is that wolves howl to bend better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together . But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.     Indeed, there have been tines when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a exhorts, and the next, quarreling anions each other. It appears that usually the lowest-tanking menthes of the pack may actually be “punished” for
Joining in the churs at times. So is howling a way to strcagthen a social boad or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? ——Why do welves howl for sure?
What is cleat, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that woloves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appcars to be an ercellent means of gathering.
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occat in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sotr of “roll rall”where wolves all howl togeter to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occar in the morning, as if wolves were doing w some sotr of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to repotr their pteence.
小題1:.What the por similarity between wolves’ how humaes ting in chorus?
A．The act of calling each other.
B．the sense of accomplishment.
C．The act of hunting for something.
D．The sense of belonging to a group.
小題2:.Why does Harrington think the“secial boad”theory may be wrong?
A．Wolves separate from each other after howling.
B．Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.
C．Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.
D．Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.
小題3:Reseatchers are sure that wolves often howl to______.
A．show their ranks
B．find their companion
C．report the missing ones
D．express their lonelingess
小題4:“Howling… is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_ ______.
A．howling is a signal for hunting
B．howling is a way of communication
C．howling aften occurs in the morning
D．howling spreads from one to another

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A new study has found that it may be possible to train people to be more intelligent, increasing the brainpower they had at birth．
Until now，it has been widely assumed that the kind of mental ability that allows us to solve new problems without having any relevant previous experience—what psychologists call fluid intelligence—is innate and cannot be taught（though people can raise their grades on tests of it by practicing）．
But in the new study，researchers describe a method for improving this skill，along with experiments to prove it works．
The key, researchers found, was carefully structured training in working memory—the kind that allows memorization of a telephone number just long enough to dial it．This type of memory is closely related to fluid intelligence，so the researchers reasoned that improving it might lead to improvements in fluid intelligence．
First they measured fluid intelligence of volunteers using standard tests．Then they trained each in a complicated memory task—the child’s card game，in which they had to recall a card they saw and heard．During the course, they needed to ignore irrelevant items, monitor ongoing performance，manage two tasks at the same time and connect related items to one another in space and time．
The four groups experienced a half-hour of training daily for 8, 12, 17 and 19 days, respectively．To make sure they were not just improving their test-taking skills，the researchers compared them with control groups that took the tests without the training．
The results, published Monday in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，were striking．Improvement in the trained groups was a lot greater．Moreover，the longer they trained, the higher their scores were．All performers，from the weakest to the strongest，showed significant improvement．
“Our results show you can increase your intelligence with proper training．” said Dr Jaeggi, a co-author of the paper．“No one knows how long the gains will last after training stops,” he added, “and the experiment’s design did not allow the researchers to determine whether more training would continue to produce further gains．”
小題1:.The researchers thought the key to improving the intelligence was ______________．
A．memorizing telephone numbersB．improving working memory
C．training in concentrationD．recalling a card
小題2:.The following aspects of the training help increase intelligence EXCEPT___________．
A．ignoring irrelevant itemsB．monitoring ongoing performance
C．managing two tasks at the same timeD．using previous experience
小題3:.When the experiment was conducted, the researchers______________．
A．trained the four groups for the same period of time
B．only made comparisons between the four groups
C．compared the four groups with control groups
D．trained the four groups together
小題4:.By writing the article，the writer intends to ______________．
A．inform the readers of a new study
B．call on people to be trained to increase intelligence
C．prove one’s born brainpower can be improved
D．tell people the improved intelligence will last forever

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（每小題1分，共20分）
A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A   21  friend is someone who stays with you for life”.   22  teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily   23  .
It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place   24  enough for true
friendship to develop. However, there can be   25  disagreement on the need for each of us to think carefully about the kind of friendship we want.
To most of us, friendships are considered very important,   26  we need to
have it clear in our minds the kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or   27  at arm’s length? Do we want to   28  ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are   29  enough. And that’s all right. But at some   30  we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our friends’ expectations. The sharing of personal experience including our tears as well as our dark   31  is the surest way to deepen friendships. But it must   32  slowly and carried on only if there are   33  of interest and action in return.
What are some of the   34  of our friendship? The greatest is to   35  too
much too soon. Deep relationships   36  time. Another “major difficulty” is the selfishness to think one “possesses” the other, including his time and attention.   37 , friendships require actions in return. In other words, you must   38  as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of. Unless you spend   39  time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die   40  .
小題1:
A．usefulB．fair-weather C．school D．true
小題2:
A．Knowledge B．Hardship C．Experience D．Schooling
小題3:
A．formed B．understoodC．realized D．produced
小題4:
A．certain B．long C．patiently D．Fortunately
小題5:
A．some B．a(chǎn)ny C．no D．great
小題6:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．but C．or D．while
小題7:
A．remained B．left C．stayedD．kept
小題8:
A．shareB．deepen C．strengthen D．hide
小題9:
A．lessB．not C．quiteD．very
小題10:
A．degree B．placesC．point D．length
小題11:
A．clothes B．dreamsC．cloudsD．Letters
小題12:
A．be undertaking B．be undertakenC．have been undertaken D．have been undertaking
小題13:
A．signs B．marksC．sciences D．sights
小題14:
A．disadvantagesB．differences C．requirementsD．difficulties
小題15: A. command        B. pull out            Ｃ. expect          D. develop
小題16:
A．waste B．take C．kill D．spend
小題17:
A．SurprisinglyB．Differently C．Strangely D．Similarly
小題18:
A．a(chǎn)ctB．possess C．giveD．walk
小題19:
A．considerate B．reasonableC．wonderful D．comfortable
小題20:
A．a(chǎn)way B．downC．out D．off

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There is no doubt that much of the profit of a business—sometimes the whole of its success—depends upon the use of the odds and ends．The odds and ends are various small things，which are left over when the main things are produced．But they possess a real value of their own．
If a business，big or small，looked down upon these odds and ends，it would mean a big difference in the amount of the benefit of the business．Take a meat factory for instance， there are countless odds and ends—bones and hair，which can be made into glue and rope to increase its profit greatly．
Then，if we are college students，what about our odds and ends—the odd moments？ Take time for example．Every one of us has the exact same amount of it．Everyone’s success or failure depends on the use of their time．But everyone uses the time more or less in the same way．However，why many great men in science or art have made huge successes for themselves in the world？Because they have made best use of their odd moments．Take Thomas A．Edison， he never allowed his odd moments to slip by．He thought，planned，and tried his inventions．He always worked twenty hours out of each twenty-four．His inventions made him famous all over the world，and provided valuable wealth for the human beings．
So, remember this axiom：very busy people always find time for everything．However，people with great spare time find time for nothing．Is it very strange？Not at all！The question is how to gather up fragments of time and make full use of them．As many big businesses have found，that the real profit is in using the odds and ends．We also must do in this way to make best use of our odd moments and manage to be successful in something that we do．
小題1: What are odds and ends？
A．They are nothing useful．
B．They are various small，but valuable things．
C．They are the main things that factories produce．
D．They are odd moments students deny to gather up．
小題2: Why should the odds and ends be made full use of ？Because  ____   ．
A．lots of factors in success or in failure depend on the best use of odds and ends
B．they control to possess a value of their own
C．they are various small things people don’t want
D．they are useless things left over when the main things are produced
小題3:What does the word “Axiom” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．clear and evident without proof
B．statement accepted as true without proof of argument
C．statement that can be argued
D．regulation accepted in scientific usage
小題4: “Fragments of time” equals  “____   ”in the above passage．
A．the odds and endsB．immense leisure
C．the main thingsD．the odd moments

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation of an island nation. The citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.
During the 20th century, sea level rose 8~12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the country’s drinking water.
Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)的氣體排放）,which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years.” Laupepa told the BBC.
Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.
Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable （易受影響的）to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”.
小題1:. The text is mainly about_________.
A．rapid changes in earth’s temperature
B．bad effects of global warming
C．moving of a country to a new place
D．reasons for lowland flooding
小題2:.. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word in the first paragraph?
A．撤離B．危險C．淹沒D．消失
小題3:. According to scientists, the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is_________.
A．greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations
B．continuous global warming
C．higher surface water temperatures of the sea
D．rising sea levels
小題4:. Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not_________.
A．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real
B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C．a(chǎn)llow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D．a(chǎn)gree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions
小題5:. The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is_________.
A．Australia
B．New Zealand
C．the United States
D．the Maldives

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds;  (2)citrus （柑橘）fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables ; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal (谷物), rice is also in this kind of foods; (7) Butter or something like butter. 
People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways.  People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first thin g is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kind of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
小題1: According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?
A．chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages. B．potatoes, carrots, rice, bread.
C．oranges, bananas, fish, tomatoes.D．beef, pork, fish, milk
小題2: It is important for people to eat __________.
A．three times a dayB．dinner at twelve o’clock
C．cooked food all the day
D．something from each of the seven kinds of food every day.
小題3:People in different countries and different places of the world________________.
A．have the right kinds of food to eatB．cook their food in the same way
C．have their meals at the same timeD．eat food in different ways.
小題4: Which of the following is NOT true?
A．People in some places don’t have enough to eat.
B．There are too many people in the world.
C．One of the problems is that no one is hungry.
D．The scientists are trying to make people e grow to be strong and healthy.
小題5:If there is paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?
A．When people eat their lunch. B．What to do with the two problems.
C．How to cook food in different ways. D．Why people eat different kinds of food.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

WHAT happens to a teenage kid when the world he thought he knew suddenly changes? Find out in Little Brother by American author Cory Doctorow． It is a fascinating book for a new generation of sci-fi readers．
Marcus Yallow, 17, from San Francisco is much more comfortable in front of a computer than obeying the rules of society． Smart, fast and wise to the ways of the networked world, he has no trouble outwitting （騙過） his high school's monitoring system． This way he and his friends get to head off to play a popular online game in real life．
While they are playing, a bomb explodes on the Bay Bridge． Marcus stops a military vehicle to get help for his injured friend, but this simple act throws him into a Department of Homeland Security （DHS） secret prison． There he is treated as a possible terrorist． He is eventually let go after four days, but his injured friend disappears．
When he returns, Marcus discovers that there are many "security measures" in place and that now all citizens are treated like potential terrorists． While some consider this government action necessary for public safety, Marcus sees this as a complete destruction of the rights he is supposed to have as a citizen．
He knows that no one will believe his story, which leaves him with only one thing to do: to take down the DHS himself． He helps organize a large network called Xnet to spread the truth, anonymously （匿名地）．
The book presents a young man who is irresponsible, but learns about himself, and grows, in the course of the story． As part of this learning and growing he becomes aware of very serious issues about his society．
小題1: What kind of article does this passage belong to?     
A．A fascinating story．B．A book review．
C．News reportD．A TV programme
小題2: The underlined word destruction in the passage means         ．     
A．damageB．rewardC．ruinD．protection
小題3: Marcus Yallow was sent to prison because         ．        
A．he killed his friend
B．he bombed a military vehicle
C．he did something that a possible terrorist could do
D．his injured friend disappeared
小題4: From the second paragraph we can infer that         ．     
A．Marcus Yallow is much more comfortable obeying the rules of society
B．Marcus Yallow is smart, fast and wise in real life
C．Marcus Yallow always plays online games in real life
D．Marcus Yallow is expert at the network world
小題5: In the end of the book, Marcus Yallow         ．      
A．is supposed to be more irresponsible
B．becomes aware of very serious issues about his society
C．presents a young man who is irresponsible
D．plays a popular online game in real life

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The saying that children don’t like reading any more has been proved untrue. A new study finds that 75 percent of kids between five and 17 say that although they love technology, they still want to read books．
The Kids & Family Reading Report also says that 62 percent of kids prefer reading printed books rather than those on a computer．At the same time, those who search an author’s website or use the Internet to find books by a particular author, are more likely to read books for fun every day．
The study also once again proves that the time kids spend reading books for fun decreases after the age of eight and continues to drop through the teen years．The report is a follow-up to a 2006 study．But this time the focus is on the role of technology and when kids’ interest in reading starts to drop．
“Despite the fact that after the age of eight more children go online daily than read for fun daily, high frequency Internet users are more likely to read books for fun every day,” says Heather Carter, a writer of the report．
One in four kids between five and 17 say they read books for fun every day and more than half of kids say they read books for fun at least two to three times a week．One of the key reasons kids say they don’t read more often is that they have trouble finding books they like - a requirement that parents underestimate(低估)．
The study also finds that parents have a strong influence on kids’ reading, but only about half of all parents begin reading to their kids before their first birthday．The percent of children who are read to every day drops from 38 percent among five-to eight-year-olds to 23 percent among nine-to 11-year-olds - exactly the same time that kids’ daily reading for fun starts to drop．
“Parents’ engagement in their child’s reading from birth all the way through the teen years can have a great influence on how often their children read and how much they enjoy reading,” adds Carter．
小題1:What can we learn from the text?
A．Children don’t like reading any more after the age of 8.
B．Most children like reading as well as going online.
C．All kids like reading e – books instead of printed ones.
D．Most children like going online instead of reading.
小題2:It can be inferred from the passage that        .
A．the study of kids’ reading has been made before
B．most parents begin reading to their kids from their birth
C．a(chǎn)ll kids like to get information using the Internet
D．nowadays all children still like to read books
小題3:Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．The kids who often go online don’t like reading books.
B．Parents should teach their kids reading from an early age.
C．Sometimes it is difficult for kids to get the books they like.
D．When kids get older, parents spend more time with them.
小題4:According to the text,        contributes a lot to children’s interest in reading.
A．the InternetB．parents’ engagement
C．short supply of booksD．new technology
小題5:What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Do kids still like reading?B．Kids’ interest in reading drops
C．New technology on kids’ readingD．Parents’ influence on kids’ reading

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