We’ve heard about radiation from the damaged nuclear reactors in Japan reaching American shores. Experts say so far there is no reason to worry, and point out that we meet radiation every day. Where and how? NPR’s Renee Montagne posed that question to Peter Caracappa, a radiation safety officer and professor of nuclear engineering.
MONTAGNE: How many things emit radiation?
Dr CARACAPPA: Well, radiation and radioactive material is a part of nature. So everything that’s living has some amount of radiation coming from it—a very small amout. Plus there’s radiation in the ground and the air.
So the extremes are uranium in the soil to bananas?
Yes.
By the way, why do bananas have radiation?
Bananas have a lot of potassium(鉀). And a small amount of potassium naturally is called potassium 40, which is radioactive
What’s the difference between radiation that’s harmful and not harmful?
Well, the term radiation can apply to a lot of different things. But the harmful radiation is ionizing(離子)radiation. It has enough energy that it can make chemical changes in material. We could get ionizing radiation from an X-ray, for example. It’s the kind of radiation that causes cancer.
The broader definition of radiation includes a lot of things that we call non-ionizing radiation. That includes everything like radio waves and visible light and your microwave.
So what then is the largest contributor of ionizing radiation?
For the natural sources of ionizing radiation, actually the biggest chunk of that tends to come from radon(氡), which is a radioactive material that is present in the air. It can become a concern when it builds up in low-lying areas of homes like basements.
Would it be fair to say that most people do not need to worry about the danger of being exposed to radiation?
I would say that the everyday exposure to radioation that we meet contributes an extremely tiny risk to our life or to our health compared to all of the other risks that we meet in our day-to-day life.
小題1:We can infer from the first paragraph that radiation is______.
A．rareB．powerfulC．dangerousD．common
小題2:The passage may be _______.
A．a(chǎn)n interviewB．a(chǎn)n argumentC．a(chǎn) talk show programD．a(chǎn) science report
小題3:Whether radiation is harmful or not depends on______.
A．whether it has a small amount of potassium
B．whether it changes chemical in materials.
C．whether it has energy to change materials
D．whether it is visible in life
小題4:The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.
A．a(chǎn)dvise on how to protect us from radiation
B．a(chǎn)nalyze what causes radiation in daily life
C．warn people of the danger of radiation
D．expect people not to fear everyday radiation

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:D          

試題分析：文章通過一次采訪報(bào)道介紹了放射性的輻射是很普遍的現(xiàn)象，人們沒有必要過于擔(dān)心。
小題1:D 推理題。根據(jù)第一段第二行Experts say so far there is no reason to worry, and point out that we meet radiation every day.說明在我們的生活中放射性是很常見的事情，故D正確。
小題2:A 推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩行NPR’s Renee Montagne posed that question to Peter Caracappa, a radiation safety officer and professor of nuclear engineering.說明Montagne在采訪一名核方面的教授，故這是一次采訪活動(dòng)，A正確。
小題3:B 推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第六段But the harmful radiation is ionizing(離子)radiation. It has enough energy that it can make chemical changes in material.說明當(dāng)這樣的離子有足夠的能量產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的時(shí)候，就對(duì)人體有害了，故B正確。
小題4:D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主題段第一段可知在日常生活中放射性隨處可見，是一種很普遍的現(xiàn)象，人們沒有必要過去擔(dān)心。故D正確。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：科普類短文是考生感覺難度較大的短文，因?yàn)槲恼轮械纳~較多，理解起來有一定的難度，在閱讀時(shí)要培養(yǎng)猜測(cè)詞義的能力和推理能力。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers．Brain-computer interface（BCI） technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines．
Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts．
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand．He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts．
“Our brain has billions of nerve cells．These send signals through the spinal cord（脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move．But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says．“Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices．”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user．This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp（頭皮）and sends them to a computer．The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair． The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path．They help the computer react to commands from the brain．
Prof．Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands．“The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices．One example is this wheelchair．”
He says his team has set two goals．One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from．And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time．
小題1:BCI is a technology that can         .
A．help to update computer systemsB．link the human brain with computers
C．help the disabled to recoverD．control a person's thoughts
小題2:How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?                                    
A．By controlling his muscles．B．By talking to the machine．
C．By moving his hand．D．By using his mind．
小題3:The team will test with real patients to         .
A．make profits from themB．prove the technology useful to them
C．make them live longerD．learn about their physical condition
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Switzerland, the BCI Research Center
B．New Findings About How the Human Brain Works
C．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I climbed Kilimanjaro with Lava Expeditions (探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)) during the rainy season.
I flew to Nairobi in Kenya and spent several days there. At my hotel in Nairobi I met the rest of the group with whom I would spend the next week. We all travelled on the bus together for a 6-hour journey into Tanzania and then Arusha , a quiet town.
After we arrived at our hotel in Arusha , we had dinner and a few drinks. Then we were introduced to more members including Taddeus Minja, the main guide, who was very experienced — climbing Kilimanjaro runs through the generations (代) of his family.
The next day the Lava Expeditions members checked if we had the correct and enough clothing for our expedition on Kilimanjaro. Only one person needed to bring more clothes.
After that we set off, walking in the rain through the beauty of the rainforest, all the way to the first camp. I was happy the next few days as the view was so wonderful and changed every day. I suffered a little during the trip and I felt so tired. But the members of Lava Expeditions provided me with lots of encouragement, which was one of the best memories. Finally we reached the top of Kilimanjaro in bright blue skies.
I felt excited about climbing Kilimanjaro and the feeling didn’t change during my trip. Lava Expeditions looked after me so well that I was deeply thankful for their help.
小題1:How did the author get to Nairobi?
A．By bus.B．By train.C．By air.D．On foot.
小題2:What do we know about Taddeus Minja according to the passage?
A．He organized the journey.
B．He was the main guide of Lava Expeditions.
C．He was the manager of a hotel in Arusha.
D．He had little knowledge about climbing mountains.
小題3:How did Lava Expeditions help the author while climbing Kilimanjaro?
A．By carrying bags for him.
B．By offering food to him.
C．By encouraging him.
D．By teaching him climbing skills.
小題4:What did the author think of his climbing Kilimanjaro?
A．Tiring and disappointing.
B．Tiring but excited.
C．Dangerous but exciting.
D．Dangerous and tiring.
小題5:What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To tell readers about Lava Expeditions.
B．To give readers advice on climbing Kilimanjaro.
C．To encourage more people to climb Kilimanjaro.
D．To share his experience of climbing Kilimanjaro.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I spent two months with an American family last year when I studied in America．It is said that “The best house is in the U.S.A．， the best wife is in Japan and the best food is in China．”So I took 36    and pleasure to   37    “the best food” for my American family．Each day，regardless of my poor skill of cooking，I performed my play in  38   way：changing the dishes’colour，the meat’s type or the soup’s style．Thus，my American friends could discover the    39   of eating Chinese food． Because of my“      40    ” job，I was often rewarded by their    41  of  appreciation , such as “very  tasty”，“excellent”etc．But the joke was here： yesterday， I cooked Sichuan－style    42  for dinner．I was   43   at my achievement．When all the family members arrived at the table，they first looked     44  at the fish，then looked at me． “Why do all the fish have their    45   ？” they asked，“It’s horrible！” Horrible or beautiful？ I don’t know． But I    46  know that fish heads are delicious. The    47   is the best part of fish； in    48    only the respectable guest can have the special     49  of enjoying it． Another                      50     thing is：the American friends often said to me“    51 ”as they  52   fruits or other things． According to Chinese tradition，I would simply smile in answer to their kindness 53 actually helping myself to any of the food.     54  ，I said “help yourself” to them whenever I brought home fruits．Dear me，no matter how much or how often I brought home food， as long as it was nice to their taste，they    55  hesitated to use their hands to “help themselves” until all was finished． 
小題1:
A．worryB．a(chǎn)ttentionC．delightD．pride
小題2:
A．buyB．fetchC．cook D．leave
小題3:
A．theirB．a(chǎn) newC．the sameD．a(chǎn) simple
小題4:
A．wayB．joyC．troubleD．importance
小題5:
A．hardB．dailyC．goodD．new
小題6:
A．expressionsB．sentenceC．doingD．smile
小題7:
A．meatB．fishC．soupD．egg
小題8:
A．praisedB．pleasedC．badD．surprise
小題9:
A．pleasedlyB．excitedlyC．surprisedly D．worriedly
小題10:
A．bonesB．flesh (人肉)C．tailsD．heads
小題11:
A．doB．willC．want toD．should
小題12:
A．tailB．headC．soupD．flesh
小題13:
A．factB．ChinaC．USAD．the West
小題14:
A．honourB．seatC．tableD．plate
小題15:
A．realB．excitingC．interestingD．easy
小題16:
A．please help us B．excuse meC．help yourselfD．eat them please
小題17:
A．brought homeB．wantedC．were buyingD．were eating
小題18:
A．notB．but notC．withoutD．nor
小題19:
A．At lastB．Above allC．After all D．In return
小題20:
A．usualB．oftenC．neverD．had

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Can you remember the day when you spoke your first word? If you can, you are unusual. Try to imagine what first few months of your life were like. I am sure you just spent most of your time eating, sleeping and crying. As you grow older, you were awake more of the time. It took your parents more time to play with you and talk to you. You watched and listened curiously. You began to know that people made certain sounds to go with certain things.
Then you began to try making the sounds you heard. And step by step you were able to make the right sound for one thing.On that day you came to understand the secret of language. The secret is that a certain sound means a certain thing. One sound might be as good as another. But it is no good as a word unless everybody agrees on its meaning. Only when a group of people use the same set of sounds of things, can they understand each other. Then, and only then do these people have a LANGUAGE.
After you found the secret of language, you learned words. Some of the words meant things, such as BOOKS, CHAIRS and SHOES. Some words meant doing things, such as GO and SWIM. And other words describe things, such as GOOD and DIRTY. Soon you learned to put words together to express one’s idea, such as “I want to go out and play with my friends.” This is language. By means of language people can communicate. So we say languages are means of communication.
小題1:When you were a little baby, you_________.
A．made sounds to let people know that you wanted to eat
B．spent most of your time playing with your parents
C．could not hear any sound around you
D．spent most of your time eating, playing and crying
小題2:The secret of language is that___________.
A．one sound might be as good as another
B．people can understand each other
C．a(chǎn) certain sound is for a certain thing
D．there is a special sound for each person
小題3:You could learn words__________.
A．before you knew what the language was
B．a(chǎn)fter you knew what the language was
C．if you knew the secret of the language
D．when you were a baby
小題4:The aim in using language is___________.
A．to get everying one wants from others
B．to say what one wants to know
C．to share ideas, opinions, news, etc with one another
D．to make oneself understood by others

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can' t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys' blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys' brains. When the brain' s temperature was 10°C, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
小題1:The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that _______.
A．the time is too short for doctors
B．the patients are often too nervous
C．the damage is extremely hard to fix
D．the blood-cooling machine might break down
小題2:The brain operation was made possible mainly by _______.
A．taking the blood out of the brain
B．trying the operation on monkeys first
C．having the blood go through a machine
D．lowering the brain' s temperature
小題3:With Dr. White' s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain _______.
A．can last as long as 30 minutesB．can keep the brain' s blood warm
C．can keep the patient' s brain healthyD．can help monkeys do different jobs
小題4:What is the right order of the steps in the operation?
a. send the cooled blood back to the brain
b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down
d. operate on the brain
A．a(chǎn),b,c,dB．c,a,b,dC．c, b, d, aD．b, c, d, a

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Here's one very simple but lifechanging advice that I first heard from Brian Tracy. Cut down on the TV at night by just one hour. Instead, use that hour to read books that could improve your life.
If you're a salesman, google for the best and most useful books on improving your sales.
This applies (適用) to all fields, not just the work-related (與工作相關(guān)的) ones. Maybe you want to improve your health, become a more energetic person. Or maybe you want to improve your study, your relations or perhaps do some personal development.
One hour a day is not much. But if you read for one hour a day on weekdays, that's about 260 hours a year. That's a large number of books and a lot of useful advice.
If you follow the ideas, who knows what great things and feelings could come into your life. Also, all that information and advice will start to open up your mind. You will start to see more chances in your life.
Now, you might think something like this:
1. I really don't have the money...
Answer: Visit your public library or search the database (數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)). Or look for books that are used in places like amazon.com.
2. I really don't have the time...
Answer: Buy audiobooks and listen to them in the car while driving to and from work. Or copy them to your MP3-player and listen while riding your bike /bus to work or school. Recently selling audiobooks through MP3-downloads has become popular...
Shut off the TV a little earlier and start reading.
小題1:What is Brian Tracy’s lifechanging advice about？
A．Watching TV. B．Listening to MP3.
C．Surfing the internet.D．Reading helpful books.
小題2:If you’d like to improve your work, you should_______ according to the writer.
A．read work-related booksB．become more energetic
C．improve your studyD．improve your relations
小題3:Which is NOT true about reading an hour a day？
A．It will open up your mind.
B．You will have about 260 hours a year to read.
C．You will read lots of books and get much useful advice.
D．It will probably bring great things and feelings into your life.
小題4:What should you do if you really don't have the money to read?
A．To buy some books from amazon.com.B．To download MP3 free.
C．To visit the public library.D．To borrow audiobooks and listen to them.
小題5: What is the writer’s idea about audiobooks?
A．They are more useful.
B．Listening to audiobooks is easier than reading books.
C．It’s dangerous to listen to audiobooks while driving or riding.
D．Audiobooks are a good solution to the problem of having no time to read.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources(資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持續(xù)的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy resolution. It is now trying hard to made full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil(棕櫚油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high  targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers a large of new chances for sustainable product industries.
小題1:The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that____.
A．it makes the world warmer
B．it consumes natural resources
C．it brings severe damage to future
D．it makes growth hard to continue
小題2:What can we infer from Paragraph2?
A．China lacks wind and solar energy
B．China is the leader of the low-carbon market
C．High-speed trains are a low-carbon development
D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests
小題3:To fully develop the low-carbon markets, governments can______.
A．cut public expensesB．forbid carbon emission
C．develop public resourcesD．encourage energy conservation
小題4:We can learn from the last paragraph that business have many chances to _______.
A．develop sustainable productsB．explore new natural resources
C．make full use of natural resourcesD．deal with the major challenge
小題5:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce a new business modelB．To compare two business models
C．To predict a change of the global marketsD．To advocate sustainable development

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.
Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air    pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world.
Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog.
Many countries are making rules to flight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, and they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air.
We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw them on the ground, there will be less pollution.
Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution.
小題1:Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because ______.
A．there were not any modern machines
B．there was no modern medicine
C．both A and B
D．there were not many people
小題2:What is the biggest problem in today’s life?
A．Water pollution
B．Air pollution
C．Noise
D．Pollution
小題3:The most serious kind of pollution is ______.
A．noise pollution
B．a(chǎn)ir pollution
C．water pollution
D．A, B and C
小題4:Factories must clean their water ______.
A．before they are thrown away
B．when they are thrown away
C．a(chǎn)fter it is thrown away
D．before it is thrown away
小題5:From the passage we know that ______.
A．a(chǎn) few years ago, there was no smog at all
B．today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voice
C．we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes
D．people are making rules in order to fight pollution

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