Water runs downhill from mountaintops to streams to rivers to oceans. But downhill isn’t the only way that water moves .A new study measures how water travels from country to country for human consumption. This flow isn’t the type we usually think about .These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports. They call this a flow of“virtual water（虛擬水）”.
We typically think about water as the liquid that flows from a tap. However,92％of the water used by people goes into growing crops，according to water researcher Arjen Hoekstra. He recently studied the hidden travels of virtual water used in products made from things like crops and meats .These products are shipped around the world.
For example．consider a sugary soft drink. Hoekstra estimated that to produce one half-liter of the drink requires between 170 and 310litersofthewater—about 95％—is used to grow and process the ingredients(原料).Another 4％goes into the packaging and labeling. In Hoekstra’s calculation, when one country produces a half-liter of soda and sells it abroad，it exports as much virtual water as would fill a large refrigerator．
According to Hoekstra’s new report，dry countries like Israel and Kuwait，both in the Middle East, get the majority of their virtual water from other countries，through imported products. More surprisingly, some wetter countries，like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, also get the majority of their virtual water from other places. That means that most of the water used to grow or produce the products and food consumed in those countries came from other countries.   
In the United States most of the virtual water used comes from American sources .In China even less of the water associated with its products
小題1:What is the best title for the passage?
A．Crops and Virtual WaterB．Import and Export of Water
C．Benefits of Virtual WaterD．Water’s worldwide travels
小題2:The first paragraph is intended to talk about__________.
A．how water flows
B．what virtual water is
C．where virtual water exists
D．why water is imported and exported
小題3:The example of a sugary soft drink in Paragraph 3 is given to show_________.
A．how drinks are madeB．how virtual water is used
C．how virtual water is exportedD．how drinks are shipped
小題4:In which countries does most part of virtual water come from outside?
A．lsrael and AmericaB．America and the Netherlands
C．China and the United KingdomD．Kuwait and the Netherlands
小題5:The passage is most probably a_________.
A．science news reportB．book review
C．newspaper advertisement D．science fiction story
   
小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:D
小題5:A

試題分析：文章大意：文章主要講解水是怎么在全世界范圍旅行的。
小題1:主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文是一篇科普類閱讀，主要介紹水是怎么在全世界范圍旅行的。故D正確。
小題2:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句They call this a flow of“virtual water（虛擬水）可知此段講解什么是虛擬水。故B正確。
小題3:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，我們可以了解到作者給出實(shí)例來解釋虛擬水是如何使用的。故B正確。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段According to Hoekstra’s new report，dry countries like Israel and Kuwait，both in the Middle East, get the majority of their virtual water from other countries，through imported products. More surprisingly, some wetter countries，like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, also get the majority of their virtual water from other places.可以得出答案。故D正確。
小題5:推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文是一篇科普類閱讀。故可以推測出文章可能選自于科學(xué)新聞報(bào)道。故A正確。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I recently ran into a friend I hadn't seen for a long while.  Our conversation was lively andfull of news from both sides.  Before we parted she said  "You'll have to drop in sometime. "immediately  sensed that if I  simply  " dropped in"  I would take my friend by  surprise, and  I would be discouraged by the image of her standing in her doorway, staring at me, and asking, " Oh ,err …what brings you here?"
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My response was immediate.  "No, you won't," I said.  " Just come in, sit, have coffee, and we'11 talk. "I had nothing in the kitchen but we ordered pizza.  And we had a lovely time.  I have tried to keep the drop-in tradition alive though it takes some effort.
小題1:The author thought of his friend's invitation- " You'll have to drop in sometime"-as______
A． a nice way of refusalB． an excuse of leaving
C．a(chǎn) kind of politenessD．a(chǎn)n expression of surprise
小題2:The underlined phrase "dropping in" in the second paragraph means_________.
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C．make a special dateD．have a good time
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A．seek comfort from my parentsB．make nevr friends
C．listen to my parents' storyD．taste nice dishes
小題4:From the third paragraph of the passage, we can infer that_______.
A．unexpected visitors are still welcome now
B．modern people prefer outdoor activities
C．there are more jobs for the housewives now
D．the author misses the lost good days
小題5:The author writes the passage intending to ________.
A．encourage people to be drop-in visitors
B．explain how to deal with unexpected visitors
C．share his feelings about the drop-in tradition
D．show the importance of making friends

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Mothers and daughters go through so much—yet when was the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write a book together about it all? Perri Klass and her mother，Sheila Solomon Klass，both gifted professional writers，prove to be ideal co­writers as they examine their decades of motherhood，daughterhood，and the wonderful ways their lives have overlapped(重疊)．
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Each writing in her own unmistakable voice，Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains，the love and bitterness，the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together.Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork.Perri admits that she can’t sort out all the mess in the households，even though she knows it drives her mother crazy.Together they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working，admit long­hidden sorrows，and enjoy precious memories.
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B．They have strong emotional ties with each other.
C．They have the same joys and pains，and love and bitterness.
D．They both have experiences as daughter，mother and writer.
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A．something rare but not pleasant
B．something that cannot be imagined
C．something expensive but not necessary
D．something that can only be enjoyed by boys
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A．The content of the book.
B．The purpose of the book.
C．The influence of the book.
D．The writing style of the book.
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A．In a musical form.
B．Through field research.
C．With unique writing skills.
D．From different points of view.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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I am a fan of the old TV science-fiction series Twilight Zone. One episode（一段情節(jié)）is about a librarian who has become obsolete. Though this episode aired in 1961, the writer of the series, Rod Serling was exactly on point when it came to predicting the future.
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A．outdatedB．complexC．expensive D．meaningless
小題2:What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2_______?
A．The episode still enjoys great popularity nowadays.
B．Rod Serling liked making predictions about the future.
C．The situation of books today is similar to what Rod Serling predicted in the episode.
D．The episode airing in 1961 was the most entertaining of the TV science-fiction series.
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B．It is of no practical use although it costs so much.
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D．People can read e-books there with the help of the new facilities.
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B．With the increasing use of social media, something will actually be lost.
C．Through social media, people can develop educational and social skills around.
D．As a result of social media, people may communicate less with the people around.
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Many of the world's pollution problems have been caused by the crowding of large groups of people into the cities．Supply for the needs of the people leads to further      by industry．If the rapid increase of world population continues at the present rate, there may be much greater      to human beings．
Some scientists speak of the increase in numbers of people as "population pollution''．
About 2,000 years ago, the world population was about 250 million．It       a billion in 1850．By 1930 the population was two billion．It is now six billon．It is      to double by the year 2020．If the population continues to grow at the same rate, there will be 25 billion people in the       a hundred years from now．
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There is already over-crowding in many cities and starvation in some countries．Many people believe that human survival in the future       on the answer to the question．
小題1:
A．progressB．pollutionC．educationD．production
小題2:
A．dangerB．harmC．benefitD．hardship
小題3:
A．gotB．tookC．broughtD．reached
小題4:
A．suggestedB．hopedC．expectedD．said
小題5:
A．worldB．countryC．starD．end
小題6:
A．discovering[B．usingC．diggingD．destroying
小題7:
A．seriouslyB．dangerouslyC．rapidlyD．steadily
小題8:
A．existenceB．startC．growthD．birth
小題9:
A．increaseB．starveC．construct D．support
小題10:
A．dependsB．a(chǎn)greesC．savesD．passes

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For many centuries，countless scholars have asked the question：What is beauty? As designers update the latest fashions and artists create their masterpieces, what is considered beautiful changes at an alarming pace.
Fifty years ago，the full-figured Marilyn Monroe was a symbol of the American aesthetic(美學(xué)的)value；today，many Hollywood actresses different in appearance from Marilyn’s have taken her place. However，aesthetic values not only differ from generation to generation，but do so along cultural lines as well. Often, what is considered disgusting to one civilization is just the aesthetic appeal in another. Thus it is difficult to give an absolute definition(定義)of beauty.
As fundamental(基礎(chǔ)的)physicists，my colleagues and I like to believe that we are involved in a search for a beauty that affects definition. The beauty that we search for is not what is set up through the work of people and subject to the tastes, but rather what has been laid down by nature Physics allows its students to look past outer appearances，into a deeper beauty. As a human being，I am attracted by the visual appeal of a wave crashing on the beach. As a physicist, however I am able to see the deeper beauty of the physical laws that govern such a phenomenon.
In truth，since Albert Einstein put forward the idea that there might be one main physical theory that governs the universe，aesthetics have become a driving force in modern physics. Einstein and other later physicists have discovered that：Nature, as its most fundamental level，is beautifully constructed. The extraordinary simplicity of the laws that govern the universe is really breathtaking . As Einstein said, it would seem more likely that we should find ourselves living in a“chaotic(無秩序曲)world，in no way graspable through thinking”. Yet we are now closer than ever to a full understanding of the universe’s beautiful clockwork. As new discoveries and technologies allow us to examine the physical world on deeper and deeper levels，we find that the beauty itself becomes much deeper.
小題1:The reference to“Marilyn Monroe”in Paragraph 2 mainly serves to___________.
A．provide an example of today’s beauty standards
B．show there is no fixed definition of aesthetics
C．compare traditions of the East to the West
D．discuss her abilities as an actress
小題2:When appreciating a wave crashing on the beach，a physicist sees the beauty of___________.
A．the visual attractionB．the powerful sounds
C．the physical laws behindD．the lovely creatures
小題3:Why are Albert Einstein’s words mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．To detail the functions of physical laws.
B．To highlight the range of Einstein’s influence.
C．To show that Einstein doubted the beauty of physics.
D．To stress the very simplicity of the laws of the universe.
小題4:The passage is mainly to___________.
A．present a special way of seeing beauty
B．emphasize the influence of physics
C．discuss the awareness of cross-culture
D．a(chǎn)rgue the traditional ideas on value

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.
“You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”
“But the Solar System! ” I protested.
“What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently.
One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.
Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.
“From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ”
This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.
小題1: What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes?
[A]Praising.
[B]Critical.
[C]Ironical.
[D]Distaste.
小題2: What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness?
[A]By deduction.
[B]By explanation.
[C]By contrast.
[D]By analysis.
小題3: What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning?
[A]Learning what every body learned.
[B]Learning what was useful to you.
[C]Learning whatever you came across.
[D]Learning what was different to you.
小題4: What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?
[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.
[B]One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.
[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.
[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.
Vocabulary
1.Thomas Carlyle      托馬斯?卡萊爾 1795-1881美國作家、歷史家、哲學(xué)家
2.jumble (up)      搞亂，使混亂
3.lay hand on (upon) sth.  抓住，找到
4.at best          最好的情況下
5.elbow out (off)      用胳膊肘擠出，推出
6.deuce =" devil"      what the deuce is it to me?   
這里表示福爾摩斯的厭惡心理。
義：這倒霉的詞兒與我有什么關(guān)系？      
7.while away the time      消磨/打發(fā)時(shí)間
8.shrewdness      機(jī)敏，敏銳，犀利
9.far-fetched      牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)，不自然
10.fathom         看穿/透，推測，探索
11.infallible      一貫正確
12.uninitiated     對某事無知的
13.Euclid        歐幾里德（古希臘數(shù)學(xué)家）
14.necromancer     巫師

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Blind imitation (模仿)is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth. Imitation appears attractive: to those who know their strength. Imitation is unacceptable.
In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes (菜譜) and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.
In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意識地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.
In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.
Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.
Syudy your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not server. Then you can say,” I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors” tragedies and tory, and know that they are cheering on.
小題1: Imitation proves useful when you        .
A．know you are unique
B．lose the balance of life
C．begin to learn something new
D．get tired of routine practice
小題2:  To avoid the bad result of imitation, we should________.
A．forget daily fear and pain
B．choose the right example
C．a(chǎn)sk others for decisions
D．stay away from stars
小題3:.Acording to the author. The world moves on because of those who are          .
A．desperate to intruence others with their knowledge
B．ready to turn their original ideas into reality
C．eager to discover what their ancestors did
D．willing to accept others’ ideas
小題4: The trouble a creator faces is          .
A．the lack of strong motivation
B．the absence of practical ideas
C．how to search for more materials
D．how to use imagination creatively
小題5: What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To highlight the importance of creatively.
B．To criticize the characters of role models.
C．To compare imitation with creation.
D．To explain the meaning of success.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

With the crazy smog going on in China, businessmen are now ready to grope for your wallet. “Smog economy” is stimulating a shopping spree on certain products against the terrible weather. Now let’s see what we have on the list to help us through the crisis.
1. Masks
Well, I would say you had better stay indoors to save your lives. PM 2.5 just surged up to 750 in Beijing recently. 3M just sold 220,000 masks of a kind. No.1 best-selling products!
2. Air purifiers
This kind of products is rarely seen in Chinese households in the past. They have become a necessity now. I do like these little gadgets, but they are just too expensive.
3. Oxygen inhalers
I didn’t realize oxygen inhalers also get a cut in the smog economy. As a matter of fact, your oxygen uptake has nothing to with relieving (減輕) the impact of smog. It might even lead to oxygen poisoning when you inhale too much oxygen. So don’t get greedy.
4. Salt lamps
Compared to oxygen inhalers, salt lamps are even worse. Some stores are selling the products at several hundred yuan, saying that they can release negative ions(離子), reduce radiation levels and purify the air. The lamps mainly contain sodium chloride. The boiling point of sodium is about 800 degrees centigrade and that of candle is 500. So how on earth can negative ions be released at only 500 degrees?
5. Plants that absorb smog
Yeah, right. Plants Vs Smog. It is scientifically justified (證明) that some plants do absorb pollutants from the air. Money plants and calla lilies are among the best-sellers in the market. Even if they don’t work, it’s good to have some plants in the house anyway.
小題1:According to the passage, smog _______.
A．give some economic chances to businessmen
B．is very bad to economy
C．makes some crisis come out
D．have nothing to do with the economy
小題2:What is the meaning of the underlined word?
A．Giving up shopping.B．Feeling down in shopping.
C．Having a lot to buy.D．Buying something enthusiastically.
小題3:Salt lamps are useless, because_______.
A．it may cause poisoning
B．it actually can’t release the negative ions
C．it reduces radiation level and makes the air dirty
D．the prize is very high
小題4:How many ways does the author think are useful?
A．2.B．3.C．4.D．5.

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