Did you know that the first documented use of OMG(oh my god)was in 1917, or that LOL was once a common term meaning little old ladies in 1960? That's what the world learned when OMG, LOL, and FYI (for your information) were added to the Oxford English Dictionary last week. This dictionary is considered by many to be the reference book that defines the English language.
Words added to the Oxford English Dictionary are truly considered new members of the language. People invent new words all the time, but only a few become popular enough to get defined in dictionaries.
Typed online or in text messages, LOL, FYI, and OMG are initialisms,_which can be said aloud letter by letter, like LOL, which now stands for Laugh Out Loud.Faster to type than the full phrases, initialisms like these have been used online since the 1990s. But these three online terms are now spoken outside the Internet too, making them different from other online lingo( 行話). Dictionary editors decided the words are used so commonly that they had to be defined this year.
Another important addition to the dictionary this year was ?， as in “I ? NY.” This is the first graphic (圖形的 ) symbol ever defined in the Oxford English Dictionary.The editors added ? as a verb under the definition of “heart”， meaning “to love”．
Some slang words — informal language used more commonly in speech than in writing — were also added, like wassup, a shortened way to say “What's up”. Even words that have been in use for many years like biker and happy camper were finally added to the dictionary.
The Oxford English Dictionary now defines more than 600,000 words.That adds up to more than 21,730 pages! Guinness World Records calls it the longest dictionary in the world.The Oxford English Dictionary is known for recording words of all kinds—popular, outdated, and even foreign words used by English speakers throughout the language's long history.
小題1:The text is mainly about that ________.
A．expressions like LOL and FYI have been added to the Oxford English Dictionary
B．English words change their meaning as time goes by
C．English language is becoming more and more difficult to learn
D．the Oxford English Dictionary breaks the Guinness World Record
小題2:Which of the following is NOT included in the facts that the Oxford English Dictionary has been updated?
A．Some online terms are added to it.
B．A graphic symbol is first introduced into it.
C．Some slang words are collected in it.
D．Some old words are left out.
小題3:What does the underlined word “initialisms” refer to?
A．Words having foreign origins.
B．Words made from the first letters of several words in a phrase.
C．Uncommon words frequently appearing on the Internet.
D．Official words used in formal documents with capital letters.
小題4:Before any new word is added to the Oxford English Dictionary, it must be ________.
A．spread widely across the Internet
B．used commonly by the dictionary editors
C．used commonly in either spoken or written language
D．a(chǎn) short word

小題1:A
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:C
這是一篇文化類說明文。在交際領(lǐng)域中被廣泛使用的一些首字母縮略詞、俚語等最近被收入《牛津英語詞典》。
小題1:解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，一些便于表達(dá)和書寫的首字母縮略詞，如OMG，LOL，F(xiàn)YI被收入《牛津英語詞典》。答案　A
小題2:解析　細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。短文第三段講述一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)縮略詞LOL，F(xiàn)YI，OMG被收入詞典；第四段講述一個圖形符號被收入詞典；第五段講述一些俚語被收入詞典。而D項“一些舊詞被刪除”，在短文中沒有提到。答案　D
小題3:解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)短文中出現(xiàn)的“OMG(oh my god)；FYI(for your information)；LOL，which now stands for Laugh Out Loud”關(guān)鍵信息可知，initialisms指的是“一個短語中幾個單詞的首字母縮略詞”。答案　B
小題4:解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Dictionary editors decided the words are used so commonly that they had to be defined this year.”及第五段第一句中的“informal language used more commonly in speech than in writing”可知，一個新詞被收入《牛津英語詞典》之前，它必須在人們的口語或書面語中被廣泛運用。答案　C。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

According to sociologists(社會學(xué)家)，every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(階層)．Class，power and status are important in deciding people’s rank in society.
Class means a person’s economic position in society.A commonly used classification is lower class，middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined，they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class，and 1% the upper class.Interestingly，a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!
Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously，people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使)big power，but people who take orders from others have less power.Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.For example，the governor of a state has great power，but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相應(yīng)的)economic class.Generally，however，there is a relationship between power and class.To our knowledge，there aren’t too many people who aren’t millionaires in the U．S.Senate!
Status is the honor or respect attached to a person’s position in society.It can also be affected by power and class，but not necessarily so.For example，a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.
小題1:What can we learn about“the middle class”from Paragraph 2?
A．People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.
B．Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class.
C．People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.
D．Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.
小題2:According to the text，we know that________.
A．power and class do not always correspond with each other
B．status refers to a person’s economic position in society
C．people with high status have a lot of control over others
D．class is less important in deciding a person’s social rank
小題3:．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound. So people say /rait/ but spell it right or write, or even rite. Combinations of letters may be pronounced in many ways. And some words just seem to have too many letters.
　 For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778. As a young man, he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive American look.
　 So he began his work on American English. His first book, The Elementary Spelling Book, suggested simplifying the spelling of English words. The book was extremely popular. By the 1850s, it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.
　 Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flavor instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like s in island or the final e in examine, were not .
Webster is best known for his American Dictionary of the English language, which first appeared in 1828. It introduced lots of new American words, with information about their pronunciation and use, and, of course, the new spelling. The British criticized the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. Today, Webster's dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students.　　
小題1:What is the text mainly about?
A．Webster and his best sellers.
B．British and American English.
C．The history of American English.
D．The man who made spelling simple.
小題2:Which is the right order according to the text?
①Webster graduated from Yale University.
②American Dictionary of the English language came out.
③Webster's book was selling one million copies a year.
④Webster took part in the American War of Independence.
A．②①③④B．③①②④C．④①③②D．①②③④
小題3:What can we learn from the text?
A. All the spelling of words does not represent the sound.
B. The Elementary Spelling Book was published in the 1850s.
C. Webster's suggestions were accepted completely.
小題4:What attitude do the British have towards Webster's dictionary?
A．They thought highly of it.
B．They found fault with it.
C．They argued bitterly about it.
D．They followed the examples of it.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I used to think of myself as a fairly open person, but my bookshelves told a different story. Apart from a few Indian novels and the Australian and South African book, my literature collection consisted of British and American titles. Worse still, I hardly ever read anything in translation. My reading was limited to stories by English-speaking authors.
So, at the start of 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country in a year to find out what I was missing. As I was unlikely to find publications from nearly 200 nations on the shelves of my local bookshop, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English.
The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books from their home countries. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers sent me unpublished translations of their novels, giving me a rare opportunity to read works otherwise unavailable to the 62% of the British who only speak English. Even so, selecting books was no easy task. With translations making up only around 4.5 percent of literary works published in the UK and Ireland, getting English versions (版本)of stories was difficult.
But the effort was worth it. I found I was visiting the mental space of the storytellers. These stories not only opened my mind to the real life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel.
And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realised I was not alone, but part of a network that spread all over the planet. 
小題1:Which of the following might be found on the blog A Year of Reading the World?
A．Lists of English version books.
B．Research on English literature.
C．Unfinished novels by British writers.
D．Comments on English literature.
小題2:Why was it hard for the author to select the right books to read?
A．The author had a busy schedule.
B．The author was only interested in a few topics.
C．The author could only read books written in English.
D．Most books recommended are not available in local bookshops.
小題3:The author is probably from_________.
A．AmericaB．the UKC．AustraliaD．Canada
小題4:Which of the following words can best describe the author’s experience?
A．fast and effortlessB．challenging but rewarding
C．hopeless but beneficialD．meaningful but fruitless

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative (保守) person who is        only among those with whom he is familiar. When a stranger is present, he often seems nervous,          embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train (通勤車) any morning or evening to     the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or     off in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive (冒犯的).
        , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, once     , makes the offender immediately the object of      .
One of the few things we can say about the British with certainty is that a British takes a(n)       to the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it      . Some people argue that it is because the British weather     follows forecast and thus becomes a source of interest to everyone. This may be so. Certainly a British cannot have much      in the weathermen, whose predictions, in many cases,          to be wrong! The man in the street seems to be as accurate – or as inaccurate – as the weathermen in his      .
Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references      weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are       by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isn’t it?” “Beautiful day!” may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?”       the foreigner may consider this exaggerated (夸大) and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his      . If he wants to start a conversation with a British but is      to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a(n)       subject to which a response may well be     of even the most reserved of the British.
小題1:
A．relaxedB．frustratedC．a(chǎn)musedD．exhausted
小題2:
A．yetB．otherwiseC．evenD．so
小題3:
A．experienceB．witnessC．watchD．undertake
小題4:
A．whisperingB．murmuringC．nodding D．laughing
小題5:
A．HopefullyB．Exactly C．FrequentlyD．Obviously
小題6:
A．developedB．observedC．followedD．broken
小題7:
A．doubtB．a(chǎn)rgumentC．criticismD．praise
小題8:
A．emotionB．fancyC．likelinessD．judgment
小題9:
A．a(chǎn)tlengthB．a(chǎn)t lastC．a(chǎn)t mostD．a(chǎn)t least
小題10:
A．a(chǎn)lwaysB．oftenC．constantlyD．seldom
小題11:
A．faithB．reliefC．honorD．credit
小題12:
A．put outB．make out C．turn outD．find out
小題13:
A．considerationB．predictionC．a(chǎn)pprovalD．a(chǎn)ppreciation
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)boutB．onC．inD．to
小題15:
A．startedB．conductedC．replacedD．Proposed
小題16:
A．SinceB．AlthoughC．HoweverD．Onlyif
小題17:
A．benefitB．a(chǎn)dvantageC．disadvantageD．favor
小題18:
A．a(chǎn)talossB．in detailC．in groups D．onoccasion
小題19:
A．a(chǎn)voidableB．steadyC．optionalD．safe
小題20:
A．expectedB．a(chǎn)skedC．wishedD．reminded

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



Too Much Happiness was written by Alice Munro，winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature，one of our greatest contemporary writers of fiction and the owner of the Man Booker Price for Fiction．Her stories have appeared in The New Yorker，The Atlantic Monthly，and other publications，and her collections have been translated into thirteen languages．
The main character is Sophia Kovalevsky，a great Russian mathematician，writer and advocator擁護(hù)者）of women’s rights in the late nineteenth century. After visiting her lover Maxsim Kovalevsky in Riviera，she travels in Europe，ending up in Sweden，where she teaches at the only university in Europe willing to employ a female mathematician．The book writes about her journey from Riviera to Sweden．
The story tells the typical struggle of an intellectual（知識分子）woman to achieve success and happiness．However，when she is going to die，Sophia says“too much happiness”．I think it’s irony（諷*11的）．As reading the story，she has too many mental problems·First，as a woman mathematician，she was born in a wrong time ．She was married to Vladimir Kovalevsky without love，called“a white marriage”．She explained that“no a young Russian woman who was unmarried could leave the country．”She satisfied her marriage to seek her career．
Furthermore，when she sees a man look like Maxsim in the station，she says to herself，“of course，it would not be Maxsim，what could he be doing in Paris？”She doesn’t want to face the fact because she doesn’t want to lose her hope．She believes they will marry in spring．And in her letter to Julia she says：“it is to be happiness after all，happiness after all．Happiness．”She is cheating herself. In fact，the man does not want to marry her，and the happiness she expected doesn’t take place at all．
Finally, I conclude that the end must be a tragedy（悲�。瓼rom the very first pages the atmosphere is gloomy黯淡的）and threatening.“One of us will die this year.”“Because we have gone walking in a graveyard（墓地）on the first day of the New Year.”Some pages further，“a black cat across their path”all reflect it will be a bad ending．Not because she had some problems with her lung，but because her life does not bring her happiness，and because of these disharmony things that happen in her life．
小題1:We can infer from the passage that＿＿·
A．Sophia was born in a wrong time and was mentally ill
B．women were not fairly treated in Europe in Sophia’s time
C．Sophia loved travelling around Europe to meet `different people
D．unmarried women were forbidden to learn mathematics at that time
小題2:The underlined phrase“the fact”in Paragraph 4 most probably refers to the fact that
A．her husband refuses to divorceB．she can’t teach in university
C．she falls in love with MaxsimD．Maxsim doesn’t want to marry her
小題3:Why does the author name this book Too Much Happiness？
A．It is used to suggest that the story must be a comedy．
B．It’s a phrase repeatedly used by Sophia herself to her friend．
C．It’s used in an ironic way to show that Sophia isn’t happy at all．
D．It’s to show Sophia is very happy to achieve success in her career．
小題4:What can we conclude from Sophia’s experience？
A．It’s hard for an educated woman to achieve success in Europe at that time．
B．Russian women were not allowed to go abroad without a white marriage．
C．Married women could travel freely across Europe in the late nineteenth century．
D．Seeing a black cat across the path would bring people to death in the end．
小題5:In a newspaper，this passage is most probably in the section of____．
A．EntertainmentB．TravelC．CareerD．Culture

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

More and more Italians are leaving their country because they can not get a job. One in every three Italians say they are willing to go abroad, sometimes even to other continents to get work. Currently, about 300,000 young Italians may be living abroad.
Although emigration has always been a choice for Italians, especially for those who left the country at the beginning of the twentieth century, more young Italians think leaving their home country is the only way to escape economic difficulty. These young Italians, however, are not poor farmers or laborers but bright university graduates and other talented young people.
Many of them want to go to richer places, like northern Europe, but they are also prepared to go elsewhere. Most of them describe a feeling of unhappiness and frustration. They are not sure which direction their country is heading and feel no longer proud of being Italians.
Many leave because they think that getting a good job is possible in other countries where all doors are open to you if you are young and dynamic. However, in Italy everything is boring and old-fashioned. Italy’s economic system is largely based on family structures and the elderly who don’t want to give up power. Corruption(腐敗) is also a big problem that simply won’t go away.
The Italian government is aware of the problem and says it must create new opportunities for its younger generation. But even if it starts working on a new style economy right away it may take years before things in Italy really change. The government has already passed laws which will make it easier for doctors, lawyers and other academics to start a career in Italy.
Many economic experts claim that Italy is doing a lot for its older generation but very little for its youth. For example, it spends little on housing, childcare but a lot on pensions.
小題1:Some people are leaving Italy mainly because they _____ .
A．want to get a jobB．want to travel abroad
C．prefer working abroadD．no longer love their country
小題2:The Italian government _____ .
A．is blind to the problem of emigration
B．encourages young Italians to go abroad
C．has taken some measures to change the situation
D．promise to offer more jobs to young Italians soon
小題3:Many economic experts think that the Italian government should _____ .
A．do more for its youth
B．try to improve its economy
C．stop its youth from going abroad
D．solve the problem as soon as possible
小題4:What problem is Italy facing?
A．Most of its laborers are old.
B．There aren’t any truly talented youngsters.
C．The government officials’ attitude is old-fashioned.
D．People with power are doing illegal and dishonest things.
小題5:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Italian emigration history
B．More care for old Italians
C．Young Italians are leaving Italy
D．The influence of economic difficulty

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One of China’s most popular folk arts is paper cutting（剪紙）. Archaeological(考古學(xué)的) finds trace the tradition back to the 6th century; it is supposed that the beginnings of paper cutting were even a few centuries earlier. Paper cuttings are used for religious(宗教的) purposes, for decoration (裝飾)and as patterns(圖案).
Today, paper cuttings are mainly used as decoration. They ornament walls, windows, doors, columns mirrors, lamps and lanterns in homes. They are also used for decoration on presents, and are given as presents themselves. They are of special importance at festivals. At the Spring Festival for example, entrances are decorated with paper cuttings which are supposed to bring good luck.
Paper cuttings are not produced by machine, but by hand. There are two kinds of paper cuttings; scissor (剪刀) cuttings and knife cuttings. Scissor cuttings are fashioned with scissors. Several pieces of paper--- up to eight pieces---are fastened together. The motif(圖形) is then cut with sharp, pointed scissors.
Knife cuttings are fashioned by putting several layers (層) of paper on a relatively soft foundation consisting of a mixture of tallow (動物脂) and ashes. Following a pattern, the artist cuts the motif into the paper with a sharp knife which he usually holds vertically(垂直地). The advantage of knife cuttings is that considerably more paper cuttings can be made in one operation than scissor cuttings.
In the countryside, paper cuttings are usually made only by women and girls. This used to be one of the skills that every girl was to master and that were often used to judge brides(新娘). Professional paper cutting artists are, on the other hand, almost always men who have guaranteed (保證) incomes and work together in workshops.
小題1:Paper cuttings can be used for ______________.
A．decorationB．decoration on presentsC． presentsD．a(chǎn)ll of the above
小題2:The underlined word ornament means ______________.
A．to be added to and make something beautifulB．to be used as
C．to be cut inD．to be made on
小題3:Which is the best title of this passage?
A．The ways of paper cuttingB．The reasons for paper cutting
C．The purposes of paper cuttingD．Paper cutting

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Every country has its own culture.
Even though each country uses doors. Doors many have_    __functions and purposes which lead to ___  _ differences.
When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different__  ___ and they had distinct(不同的) functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to_   ____the building. This was new to me, because we use the ___  __ door in south Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.
The way of using school bus doors was also ____  __ to me .I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, ___    _who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on __   _ . In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I___   ____tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me, I was totally_     _,and my face went red.
小題1:
A．differentB．importantC．practicalD．unusual
小題2:
A．nationalB．embarrassingC．culturalD．a(chǎn)mazing
小題3:
A．exitsB．entrancesC．signsD．doors
小題4:
A．enterB．leaveC．openD．close
小題5:
A．mainB．sameC．frontD．back
小題6:
A．a(chǎn)nnoyingB．hardC．satisfyingD．strange
小題7:
A．parentsB．studentsC．teachersD．drivers
小題8:
A．soonerB．laterC．fasterD．earlier
小題9:
A．politelyB．patientlyC．unconsciouslyD．slowly
小題10:
A．embarrassedB．a(chǎn)nnoyedC．unsatisfiedD．excited

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