Why does most of the world travel on the right side today? Theories differ, but there’s no doubt that Napoleon was a major influence. The French had used the right since at least the late 18th century. Some say that before the French Revolution, noblemen drove their carriages on the left, forcing the peasants to the right. Regardless of the origin, Napoleon brought right-hand traffic to the nations he conquered, including Russia, Switzerland and Germany. Hitler, in turn, ordered right-hand traffic in Czechoslovakia and Austria in the 1930s. Nations that escaped right-hand control, like Great Britain, followed their left-hand tradition.
The U.S. has not always been a nation of right-hand rivers; earlier in its history, carriage and horse traffic traveled on the left, as it did in England. But by the late 1700s, people driving large wagons pulled by several pairs of horses began promoting a shift to the right. A driver would sit on the rear (后面的) left horse in order to wave his whip with his right hand; to see opposite traffic clearly, they traveled on the right.
One of the final moves to firmly standardize traffic directions in the U.S. occurred in the 20th century, when Henry Ford decided to mass-produce his cars with controls on the left (one reason, stated in 1908; the convenience for passengers exiting directly onto the edge, especially… if there is a lady to be considered). Once these rules were set, many countries eventually adjusted to the right-hand standard, including Canada in the 1920s, Sweden in 1967 and Burma in 1970. The U.K. and former colonies such as Australia and India are among the western world’s few remaining holdouts. Several Asian countries, including Japan, use the left as well — thought many places use both right-hand-drive and left-hand-drive cars.
小題1:Why did people in Switzerland travel on the right?
A．They had used the right-hand since the 18th century.
B．Rich people enjoyed driving their carriages on the right.
C．Napoleon introduced the right-hand traffic to this country.
D．Hitler ordered them to go to against their left-hand tradition.
小題2:Of all the countries below, the one that travels on the right is ______.
A．AustriaB．EnglandC．JapanD．Australia
小題3:Henry Ford produced cars with controls on the left _______.
A．in order to change traffic directions in the U.S.
B．so that passengers could get off conveniently
C．because rules at that time weren’t perfect
D．though many countries were strongly against that
小題4:According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．Before the French Revolution, all the French people used the right.
B．People in Britain and the U.S. travel on the same side nowadays.
C．The Burmese began to travel on the right in 1970.
D．All the Asian nations use the left at present.
小題5:What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Who made the great contributions to the shift of traffic directions?
B．How cars have become a popular means of transportation?
C．How Henry Ford produced his cars with controls on the left?
D．Why don’t people all drive on the same side of the road?

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:C
小題5:D
文章主要就是解釋了為什么世界上的很多國(guó)家開車行駛的方式不一樣的。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段4,5行Napoleon brought right-hand traffic to the nations he conquered, including Russia, Switzerland and Germany.可知C正確。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Nations that escaped right-hand control, like Great Britain, followed their left-hand tradition.排除B.根據(jù)The U.K. and former colonies such as Australia and India are among the western world’s few remaining holdouts. Several Asian countries, including Japan, use the left as well排除CD。故A正確。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三行the convenience for passengers exiting directly onto the edge可知B正確，是為了乘客的方便。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段4,5行Once these rules were set, many countries eventually adjusted to the right-hand standard, including Canada in the 1920s, Sweden in 1967 and Burma in 1970.可知Burma是在20世紀(jì)70年代采取右邊行駛的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。故C正確。
小題5:主旨大意題。文章主要就是解釋了為什么世界上的很多國(guó)家開車行駛的方式不一樣的。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the united kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work , forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(復(fù)興) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish song which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.
小題1:What does the author tell us in paragraph 1?
A．How the Irish fought against the English.
B．How Ireland gained independence.
C．How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.
D．How two “Irelands” came into being.
小題2:We learn from the text that in Ireland            .
A．food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population
B．people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside
C．it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker
D．different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments
小題3:The last paragraph is mainly about          .
A．the Irish character
B．Irish culture
C．Irish musical instruments
D．a(chǎn) famous Irish writer
小題4:What can be the best title for the text?
A．Life in Ireland
B．A Very Difficult History
C．Ireland, Past and Present
D．The Independence of Ireland

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

MAY 14 marks the 60th anniversary of the founding of the state of Israel(以色列). Many Israelis, however, are not in the mood to celebrate.
Looking at the damage to her neighbor's home from a Palestinian（巴勒斯坦） rocket, Batia Katar, a 17-year-old Israeli girl, was in tears. "We can't celebrate (Israel's) independence when things like this are happening," she said.
What is clear is that Israel is not a normal country. The country has a dramatic (戲劇性) history and ancient culture but has only officially existed for 60 years. Within hours after it was established in 1948, Israel was at war with its Arab neighbors for land. It won that time, and in 1956, 1967 and 1973, acquiring the West Bank, the Golan Heights, Gaza and east Jerusalem. For good or ill, Israelis can take pride in victories with so many countries. However, it occupied much more land than the United Nations agreed, which left local Palestinians homeless.
Different from all its neighbors in religion, Israel is also far more successful economically than its neighbors. Though, it gets a great amount of support from America and other Western countries. The country is now a world leader in many industries, such as IT and modern agriculture.
However, conflict exists, just like 60 years ago. And the signal of peace is as weak as ever. Palestinian militants (武裝人員) have fired more than 7,000 missiles  from Gaza, mainly at Sedro, killing 13 people. In the same period hundreds of Palestinian civilians  in Gaza have died in Israeli military action.
In order to create peace, the world community hopes both sides accept and follow the Middle East peace plan. Optimists believe through Israeli-Palestinian negotiations there will finally be peace.
Both Israelis and Palestinians want to live in peace without explosions that remind them that they are living in a special but dangerous place.
小題1:  Why are many Israelis not in the mood to celebrate the both anniversary of the founding of the state of Israel? Because         .
A．the government didn't organize it
B．they are too busy to attend it
C．it is dangerous to celebrate it
D．conflicts and fights still exist
小題2:  The underlined word established in the fourth paragraph means         .
A．defeatedB．foundedC．a(chǎn)ttackedD．a(chǎn)ccepted
小題3:  Israel is not a normal country because         .
A．the country has a dramatic history and ancient culture but has only officially existed for 60 years
B．within hours after its establishment, Israel was at war with its Arab neighbors for land
C．it occupied much more land than the UN agreed, which left local Palestinians homeless
D．a(chǎn)ll of the above
小題4:  Which statement about Israel is NOT true according to the passage?
A．It became a country in 1948.
B．It is different from all its neighbors in religion.
C．It is now a world leader in many industries, such as IT and modern agriculture.
D．No country has supported it since it was founded.
小題5:  It can be inferred from the passage that         .
A．it is still a question mark whether Israelis and Palestinians can live in peace
B．Israel was created as a homeland for homeless Jews
C．for good or ill, Israelis can take pride in victories with so many countries
D．Israel is far more successful economically than its neighbors

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are fifty states in the United States. The largest in population is California,the largest in area is Alaska. Alaska is the smallest in population and Rhode Island is the smallest in size. The oldest states are the ones along the Atlantic coast. The newest states are Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska is also the coldest state. California and Florida are the warmer. Henry and his family live in Seattle, a big city, on the Pacific coast. But Los Angeles and San Francisco, also on the Pacific coast, are larger than Seattle. Henry's cousin, Susan, lives in New York. It is the largest city in the United States. Thousands of people visit New York each year. The most important city in the United States is Washington D. C. It is the capital, but it is much smaller than New York.
小題1:How many states are there in the U. S. A ?
A．FiveB．Forty- Five.C．FiftyD．Fifteen.
小題2:Which state is the largest in population?
A．California.B．Rhode-Island. C．AlaskaD．Los Angeles.
小題3:Which state is the smallest in population?
A．Rhode Island.B．Seattle.C．San Francisco.D．Alaska.
小題4:Which of the following is true?
A．The oldest states are the ones along the Pacific coast.
B．Washington is the most important and the largest city.
C．New York is the largest city in the United States.
D．Henry's cousin lives in the Seattle.
小題5:Why is Washington D. C. the most important American city?
Because _________.
A. it is the largest city                   B. it is the largest in population
C. it is the most beautiful city       D. it is the capital of the United States

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The word doping is probably from the Dutch word dop, the name of an alcoholic drinks make of grape skins used by Zulu soldiers in order to encourage their bravery in battle. The term became current around the turn of the 20th century, originally referring to illegal drugging of racehorses. In 1928 the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) became the first to ban the use of doping. A reliable test method was finally introduced in 1974.
The practice of enhancing athletes’ performance through foreign substance or other artificial means, however, is as old as competitive sport itself. The most famous doping case of the 1980s concerned Ben Johnson, the 100-meter champion who tested positive for stanozolol(司坦咗醇) at the Olympic Games in Seoul, 1988.
The main front in the anti-doping war has rapidly shifted to blood doping since 1970s. Blood doping is the practice of adding red blood cells to the bloodstream in order to improve athletes’ performance. The blood is usually processed in order to create a concentration of red blood cells, and then freeze them until needed for transfusion(輸血) back into the athlete shortly before the event. The extra red blood cells will deliver more oxygen and other essential elements to the athlete’s muscle tissues.
Just like any other problem, the only way to solve it is through education. Many high school sports programs now have people come in to talk to them about out the dangers of performance-enhancing drugs. Young players must be fully clear on the rules and what substances are banned. The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) has an easily accessible list of what substances are banned, how they are tested for and why they are banned on its website. This way, young players are clear on what they can put in their bodies. This is also a good way to educate players on the danger of the substances they may be tempted to use.
小題1:The word “enhancing” in the first sentence of the second paragraph means “_____”.
A．showingB．directingC．upsettingD．improving
小題2:What can we know from the third paragraph?
A．Blood doping is transferring one man’s blood into another
B．Only blood doping exists in the anti-doping war in the 1970s.
C．Blood doping is easy to be found and controlled by organizations.
D．More oxygen in the blood helps improve an athlete’s performance.
小題3:The word “people” in the second sentence of the fourth paragraph probably refers to _____.
A．teachers who teach P.E. lessons at school
B．experts who do research in doping
C．young people easy to be addicted to doping
D．a(chǎn)thletes involved in doping
小題4:Which statement best matches the last paragraph?
A．Prevention is better than cure.
B．Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
C．The best horse needs breaking, and the cleverest child needs teaching.
D．A little learning is a dangerous thing.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most people consider skydiving (高空跳傘) a product of the 20th century, but its history actually goes further back than that. The Chinese attempted to parachute (跳傘) in the 10th century, a thousand years before we did. The Chinese did what we would today call base diving; that is, they jumped off a place that would allow them to float from a height to the ground.
The first person to attempt to parachute was a Frenchman named Jacques Garnerin. He jumped from his hot-air balloon at the end of the 18th century and did tricks on the way down and stupefied the crowds by landing safely on the ground. At the end of the 19th century, Kathie Paulus, a brave German woman, became famous for her skydiving skills.
Once the airplane was invented, skydiving took on a whole new form. The airplane made it possible to dive from greater heights at greater speeds, allowing for more range in the movements in the air. A woman named Tiny Broadwick became the first woman to jump from a plane in 1913 and dive free fall in 1914.
Skydiving was not called skydiving until the middle of the 1950s, when Ronald Young invented the word. It had been called parachuting before this and was mainly used by the military (軍事) to land troops in inland locations, or for pilots to jump out of their planes when necessary. Once World War I was over, parachuting became a sport, which we now call skydiving.
After World War II, this activity became more a hobby than a military action. Soldiers were trained in parachuting and enjoyed the thrill so much that they continued on for fun. From this, teams and competitions were formed. Skydiving schools appeared in the late 1950s and now it is a recognized extreme sport enjoyed by many.
小題1:The underlined word “stupefied” in paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.
A．disappointedB．encouragedC．surprisedD．a(chǎn)ttacked
小題2:Who was the first woman to jump from a plane?
A．Jacques Garnerin.B．Kathie Paulus.C．Tiny Broadwick.D．Ronald Young.
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE?
A．The Chinese attempted different skydiving skills in the 10th century.
B．Skydiving became popular after the airplane was invented.
C．The word skydiving was first used in a military action.
D．There were no skydiving schools until the late 1950s.
小題4:What can we infer from the passage?
A．Skydiving is not a military action any more.
B．Kathie Paulus is famous for her skydiving skills.
C．The first person who parachuted was from Germany.
D．The history of skydiving is longer than that of parachuting.
小題5:What would be the best title for this text?
A．The history of skydivingB．The popularity of skydiving
C．What is skydiving?D．Why is skydiving an extreme sport?

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians（基督教徒）ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil（邪惡的）. So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to be the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell（地獄）.What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Tough the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.
Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father’s house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruit—or is it a vegetable?” As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”.
But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert  Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. “What are you afraid of?” he shouted. “I’ll show you fools that these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.
小題1:The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because ______.
A．it made Christians evil.
B．it was the apple of Eden
C．it came from a forbidden land
D．it was religiously unacceptable
小題2:What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3 ?
A．The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down
B．There was little progress in the study of the tomato
C．The tomato was still refused in most western countries
D．Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato
小題3:What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?
A．To make himself a hero
B．To remove people’s fear of the tomato
C．To speed up the popularity of the tomato
D．To persuade people to buy products from his factory
小題4:What is the main purpose of the passage ?
A．To challenge people’s fixed concepts of the tomato
B．To give an explanation to people’s dislike of the tomato
C．To present the change of people’s attitudes to the tomato
D．To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing(咒罵) the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament (錦標(biāo)賽) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
小題1:The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _______.
A．reexamine the rules for football refereeing
B．a(chǎn)nalyse the causes of errors made by football referees
C．set a standard for football refereeing
D．review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup
小題2:The findings of the experiment show that _______.
A．errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B．the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C．the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur
D．errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot
小題3:The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to _______.
A．the researchers involved in the experiment
B．the inspectors of the football tournament
C．the referees of the football tournament
D．the observers at the site of the experiment
小題4:What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A．The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B．Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C．A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D．An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s amazing what a little free beer can accomplish. In 1997 the small Danish island of Samso, located in the Kattegat Strail, won a contest hosted by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy. Samso, then known for its dairy and pig farms, would become Denmark’s showcase for sustainable power, eventually going carbon-free. How that would happen, however, was far from clear, since the government initially offered no funding, tax breaks or technical expertise(專門知識(shí)).
Given that almost all its power came from oil or coal — and the island’s 4,300 residents didn’t know a wind turbine(風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)) from a grain silo(谷倉(cāng)) — Samso seemed an strange choice. Soren Hermansen, though, saw an opportunity. A restless native son who grew up on a family farm, Hermansen was teaching environmental studies at a local school when he heard about Samso’s award. He volunteered to be the first — and only — participant. “I realized this could happen,” he says. “This was realistic.” He may have been the only one who thought so.
Hermansen knew Samso islanders were conservative, but that could be an advantage: once he convinced enough potential first movers to act, the rest would follow. So Hermansen showed up at every community or club meeting to campaign for the renewable-energy project. He pointed to the island’s unexplored potential for wind power and the economic benefits of making Samso energy-independent. He sometimes brought free beer.
It worked. The islanders bought shares in new wind turbines to build 11 large land-based turbines, enough to meet the entire island’s electricity needs. Not satisfied with that, they supported the construction of 10 huge offshore turbines，which provide power that the island’s dependence on cars and ferries needs. Today Samso isn’t just carbon-free — it actually produces 10% more clean electricity than it uses, with the extra power fed back into the national electricity network at a profit.
Hermansen has become a green angel, traveling from country to country telling the story of Samso’s success when he’s not at home running the Energy Academy, a research center for clean power. But he’s the first to say that the real credit belongs to the islanders，and that Samso’s lesson is that environmental change can only come from the ground up.
小題1:What was Hermansen’t response to the Samso’s winning the contest?
A．He regarded it as a chance.
B．He was not satisfied with the award.
C．He thought it was strange.
D．He thought it was reasonable.
小題2:From the second paragraph we can learn that __________.
A．many Samso islanders participated in the green project actively
B．most Samso islanders were against the renewable energy project
C．Samso has a long history of making use of renewable energy
D．a(chǎn)t first people showed little interest in the renewable energy project
小題3:Why did Hermansen show up at every community or club meeting?
A．It was his duty to keep the islanders informed of government policies.
B．He wanted to convince the islanders to use clean power instead of oil or coal.
C．He wanted to persuade the islanders to be involved in the wind power project.
D．He wanted to share his beer with other islanders.
小題4:What can we learn about Hermansen’s personality from the last paragraph?
A．He is practical.B．He is courageous.
C．He is modest. D．He is ambitious.

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