The high noise of modern life may affect speech and language development in the very young, according to a study that found the auditory (聽覺(jué)的) parts of the brains of young mice are slower to organize properly in the presence of continuous sounds.
Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, reared a group of rats in an environment of continuous background noise and found that their brain circuits that receive and interpret (解釋) sound did not develop at the same rate as animals that were raised in a quieter environment.?
Edward F. Chang and Michael Merzenich, co-authors of the study appearing in the journal Science, said that the continuous noise delayed the organization of auditory neurons (神經(jīng)細(xì)胞) during a critical two-to-three-week period after the rat pups were born.?
For rats not exposed to the noise, the auditory cortex(皮層) neurons during this period gathered into a smaller area and began developing a selective response to sounds.?
But for the noise?exposed rats, this organization was slowed, causing a delay in the development of the ability to discriminate(辨別) specific sound tones. The researchers said it took three or four times longer for the rats raised in a noisy environment to reach the basic bench marks (基準(zhǔn)) of auditory development seen in the rat pups not exposed to noises.?
Although the rat is not a perfect model for what happens in humans, the authors note, the study does suggest that high levels of noise might possibly affect some language learning in babies.?
“These findings suggest that environmental noise, which is commonly present in contemporary child-rearing environments, can potentially contribute to auditory and language-related development delays,”the authors wrote in Science.?
The authors noted that although the brain development was delayed in rats exposed to the noise, their brains did eventually mature (成熟的) normally.?
小題1:The scientists at California University studied rats_______.?
A．of different age groupsB．with different habits?
C．in different environmentsD．from different areas?
小題2:The rats exposed to noise, compared to those not exposed, _______.?
A．were more sensitiveB．were duller?
C．grew up more slowlyD．gathered together more quickly
小題3: The result of the research mainly tells us that noise _______.
A．delays brain developmentB．stops baby growth
C．a(chǎn)ffects speech and languageD．destroys brains?
小題4: The findings of the research are said to have special connections with _______.
A．causes of noisesB．medical science?
C．other living thingsD．human babies??

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:D

小題1:從文章第二段內(nèi)容可知,加利福尼亞大學(xué)的研究者們養(yǎng)了一些老鼠,進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。分別在不斷的噪音和相對(duì)較安靜的環(huán)境下進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。?
小題2:從文章第五段可以得出the rats exposed to noise要比the rats not exposed to noise反應(yīng)遲鈍。?
小題3:從最后—段內(nèi)容可以得知,噪音延緩腦的發(fā)育。B項(xiàng)是明顯錯(cuò)誤的。不是毀壞腦子,而是延緩,可知D項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。此題側(cè)重的是對(duì)老鼠的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,而C項(xiàng)是對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果的進(jìn)—步推測(cè),所以C是不對(duì)的。?
小題4:　文中指出“the study does suggest that high levels of noise might possibly affect some language learning...babies.”由此可以得知,這個(gè)科研結(jié)果與嬰兒有關(guān)。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

It seems parents have long been right. Going to bed early is key to getting enough sleep and helping adolescents feel on top of the world, a new study reported.
A   1  of sleep among youngsters may    2  depression and suicidal (自殺的)thoughts, according to the study by the Columbia University Medical Center.
"Our results are   3  with the theory that inadequate sleep is a risk factor for depression, working with other   4  and protective factors through multiple possible causal pathways to the development of this   5  disorder," said lead author James Gangwisch.
"  6  quality sleep could therefore be a preventative measure against   7  and a treatment for depression," he added in the study   8  in the Friday issue of Sleep magazine.
The study followed the nightly habits of some 15,659 college and high-school students, and   9  those who consistently went to bed   10  midnight had a 24 percent higher risk of depression than those who turned in before 10:00 pm.
Night owls（夜貓子）also ran a 20 percent   11  risk of battling suicidal thoughts, the study added.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine   12  that adolescents should sleep at least nine hours or more a night. Those who were tucked in before 10:00 pm reported they slept    13  about eight hours and 10 minutes.
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"Studies have found that adolescents do not go to bed   19  enough to make up for earlier school start times, and transitions to earlier school start times have been shown to be   20  with significant sleep deprivation（剝奪）. "
(    ) 1. A. night                B. moderation       C. limit                D. lack
(    ) 2. A. result in           B. lie in                C. come about       D. bring in
(    ) 3. A. opposed           B. mixed              C. related              D. consistent
(    ) 4. A. risk                  B. chance              C. potential           D. reason
(    ) 5. A. mood                      B. body                C. feeling             D. mind
(    ) 6. A. little                B. lack                 C. Adequate          D. over
(    ) 7. A. suffering          B. depression               C. disorder            D. sadness
(    ) 8. A. reported           B. published          C. reflected           D. noted
(    ) 9. A. found                      B. investigated      C. appraised          D. supported
(    ) 10. A. before            B. from                C. by                    D. after
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(    ) 17. A. wish               B. expectation       C. suggestion               D. attempt
(   ) 18. A. exactly           B. immediately      C. directly            D. actually
(    ) 19. A. early              B. lately                      C. soon                 D. quickly
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”, that’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak(最高峰). For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why it is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自語(yǔ))as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” the possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature—and—energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract(對(duì)抗)your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn(呵欠)and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
小題1:If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ______.
A．he is a lazy person       
B．he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C．he is not sure when his energy is low
D he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
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A．Not knowing about the energy cycle
B．Familiar monologues
C．A change in a family member’s energy cycle
D．Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members
小題3:If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ______.
A．change his energy cycleB．overcome his laziness
C．get up earlier than usualD．go to bed earlier
小題4:You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ______.
A．help to keep your energy for the day’s work
B．help you to control your temper early in the day
C．enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D．keep your energy cycle under control all day

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Drinking wine in moderation improves the IQ and may boost mental agility in old people,according to Japanese researchers.
A study of the effects of alcohol on the middle aged and elderly found the average IQ of men who drink wine (whether made from grapes or rice) was 3.3 points higher than that of men who do not imbibe.
Similarly,the IQ of women drinkers showed an improvement of 2.5 points over their teetotal sisters.The findings are part of an ongoing study by Japan’s National Institute for Longevity into the links between human intelligence and what we eat and drink.
The tests measured general knowledge,powers of judgment and concentration in drinkers and non-drinkers over 40,all living in Aichi prefecture,central Japan,and sharing the same income level-roughly￡50 000 a year—and educational background.All were university graduates.
But while wine-drinkers appeared to be brighter,the same was not true of those who drank deer,shochu (a local gin) and whisky.
“The benefits of wine and sake (rice wine) in raising IQ could be due to substances they contain,such as polyphenol,which are believed to slow the ageing process,” Hiroshi Shimokata,head of epidemiology research,said.
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A．Drinking wine in a large amount improves the IQ of old people.
B．Drinking wine in a reasonable amount raises the IQ of old people.
C．Drinking wine in moderation does good to any one.
D．Drinking wine helps improve the IQ of women.
小題2:According to the passage,which of the following is NOT wrong?
A．Every wine drinker’s IQ is 3.3 points higher than that of men who don’t drink.
B．The IQ of women drinker is 2.5 points lower than that of the non-drinking women.
C．Drinking beer and whisky cannot improve one’s IQ.
D．Drinking wine can only do good to the IQ of rich old people.
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A．wine and sake have special taste
B．wine and sake can make us excited
C．wine and sake contain substances considered to slow the ageing process
D．wine and sake contain something believed to prevent us from ageing
小題4:From the text,it seems that we can conclude _________.
A．the more wine we drink,the brighter we are
B．the less wine we drink,the brighter we are
C．drinking wine less than 540ml a day,we’ll become dimmer
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Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
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The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic (the opposite of “temporary”) usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, for example, friends, family members, co－workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease, while temporary and situational loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
小題1:How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?     
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C．Go to see a doctor.D．Ask your teachers for guidance.
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A．temporary lonelinessB．situational loneliness
C．a(chǎn) new placeD．sleeplessness
小題3:Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?
A．Chronic loneliness can cause family problems.
B．Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness
C．Chronic loneliness can not be overcome.
D．Chronic loneliness is incurable.
小題4:What is the best title for the passage?
A．Three kinds of lonelinessB．Loneliness and disease
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People Born in Autumn Live Longer
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Using census（人口普查）data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute in the northern German town of Rostock found the month of birth was related to life expectancy（預(yù)期壽命）over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in older age. “A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer,” said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research. “When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food, it’s in the hot weeks of summer when babies are prone (易于)to infections of the digestive system.” In Austria, adults born in autumn (October-December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April-June), and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months. In the southern hemisphere, the picture was similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn—the European spring—lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data. Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists, Doblhammer said.
But on the other hand, according to a study of more 40,000 people, those born in spring and summer report themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter. Professor Richard Wise-man who led the research explained that the temperature at the time of birth might influence the development of the brain and seasonal factors make a difference as well.
小題1:The underlined word “outlived” in the text probably means ________.
A．lived out ofB．depended on
C．had a shorter life thanD．lived longer than
小題2:The census data of the following countries is used for research EXCEPT _______.
A．Germany.B．Denmark.
C．Australia.D．Austria.
小題3:What’s the main idea of this text?
A．Nutrition at all times of the year has improved since the beginning of the 20th century.
B．In Austria, adults born in autumn (October—December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April—June).
C．People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are less likely to fall ill when they are older.
D．Babies are prone to infections of the digestive system.
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A．Infections occurring at different times of the year influence the health of a new-born baby.
B．The study focused on people born in the late 20th century.
C．A mother giving birth in spring eats less vitamins during the last phase of her pregnancy in winter.
D．What mothers ate during pregnancy could have an impact on the babies’ life expectancy in older age.
小題5:The right sentence of the following is ________.
A．The month of birth was not related to life expectancy over the age of 50.
B．A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, eating more vitamins than in summer.
C．Stopping breast-feeding and starting giving babies normal food must make babies prone to get infected with the digestive system in the hot weeks of summer.
D．Adults born in the Australian autumn―the European spring―lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In some urban centers, workaholism is so common that people do not consider it unusual:
They accept the lifestyle as normal. Government workers in Washington D.C, for example, frequently work sixty to seventy hours a week. They don’t do this because they have to; they do it because they want   to.
Workaholism can be a serious problem. Because true workaholics would rather work than do anything else, they probably don’t know how to relax.
Is workaholism always dangerous? Perhaps not. There are, certainly, people who work well under stress. Some studies show that many workaholies have great energy and interest in life. Their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics, work and entertainment keep them busy and creative.
Why do workaholics enjoy their jobs so much? There are several advantages to work. Of course, it provides people with paychecks, and this is important. But it offers more than financial security. It provides people with self?confidence; they have a feeling of satisfaction when they’re produced a challenging piece of work and are able to say,“I made that.” Psychologists claim that work gives people an identity through participation in work, they get a sense of self and individualism. In addition, most jobs provide people with a socially acceptable way to meet others. Perhaps some people are compulsive about their work, but their addiction seems to be a safe-even an advantageous-one.
9.The passage indicates that workaholics          .
A.just know work but nothing else
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D.has the work with more responsibility than others
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C.a piece of challenging work may provide the workaholics a sense of satisfaction
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