Why do women earn less than men?
Women earn less than men. For example, in 1988 the hourly wages of women in the U.S. were 16% less than those of men. The gap between male and female incomes varies with age. The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men is much smaller than that between middle-aged women and men. It is also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less. The larger the number of workers in an industry who are women, the lower the average wages.
Why do women earn less than men? Are the differences explained by the fact that women are looked down upon? If so, the government has to intervene, to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. however, there is no agreement among economists about the causes of the gap. One view argues that women on the average have chosen low-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative to men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background which is shown in the difference in the marginal product between men and women.
Much of the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some bias against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to women? One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline. An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor input demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines. The result will be a surplus of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselves out of work.
小題1:The difference in labor incomes is most obvious between _______.
A．young men and young women
B．young women in the same industry
C．middle-aged men and middle-aged women
D．middle-aged women in the same industry
小題2:Some economists believe women earn less than men partly because ______.
A．women are less experienced than men
B．women are only provided with low-paying jobs
C．women have much freedom in selecting their jobs
D．there is more than enough women in the labor force
小題3:Which of the following cannot be inferred from the second paragraph?
A．Women receive less education than men.
B．Women are not as productive as men.
C．Levels of education are closely related to productivity.
D．Goods produced by women are not as good as those by men.
小題4:What does the author suggest that the government should do for women workers?
A．To ensure equal pay for women.
B．To explain why women are paid less.
C．To force employers to hire more women.
D．No solution is clearly suggested.
小題5:What would happen if women’s wages were raised?
A．Input of capital would be increased.
B．The unemployment rate would go up.
C．Those that have jobs would become better off.
D．Women as a group would earn more than before.

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:D
小題5:B

文章主要講為什么女性收入普遍不如男性高。
小題1:C。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men is much smaller than that between middle-aged women and men可知答案C正確。
小題2:A。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從One view argues that women on the average have chosen low-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative to men可知答案A正確。
小題3:D。推理判斷題。從Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background which is shown in the difference in the marginal product between men and women可知所受教育的多少可能與產(chǎn)量(product)有關(guān)，沒(méi)提到與產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量有關(guān)，所以D項(xiàng)不對(duì)。
小題4:D。推理判斷題。從 If so, the government has to intervene(干預(yù)), to force the employees to pay equal wages to equal jobs(如果真是人們歧視女性，那么政府就應(yīng)該出面干預(yù)，強(qiáng)制給女性同樣的工資)，但文中沒(méi)有提具體的措施，故答案選D。
小題5:B。推理判斷題。從…resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines可知答案B正確。
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A senior United Nations Children's fund （UNICEF） official on May 29 praised China for its remarkable achievements in children's welfare（福利）.
A.H.M. Farook, UNICEF's operations area officer for China and Mongolia said, “China can be very satisfied to tell the whole world what can be done with limited resources to help its children to grow healthily and happily.”
China's child population makes up one fifth of the world's total.
“The reason behind the remarkable achievement is China's long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society," he said.
“What's more is that Chinese people have always given special attention to children who are in special need."
The UN official made the remarks when addressing a group of 50 children and staff from the Beijing Children's Welfare Home at the Shangri la Hotel, Beijing.
The hotel invited the orphans to share snacks（小吃）, sing, dance and play games at a park inside the hotel for a “Share the Sunshine" party, as a prelude（前奏） to celebrations to mark the Children’s Day.
The Beijing children's Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children.
A leading official of the welfare institution said that the children live a happy life and that the agency spends 400－500 yuan a month for an average orphan. An average Chinese worker earned 440 yuan a month during the first quarter this year.  
Gu Xiaojin, deputy secretary general of the China Youth Development Foundation （CYDF）, said people from all walks of like have contributed to the welfare of the Chinese children.
She said that CYDF set up the Project Hope in 1989, which walls on people across the country to donate money to help poor children to continue their schooling.
By the end of last year, she said, CYDF had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment（建立） of 2,074 Hope primary schools and enabled more than 1.25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms.
小題1:According to the passage, how can children grow healthily and happily?
A．They are offered best education and satisfying life.
B．They must have their own parents who are rich.
C．Both the society and their parents care for them.
D．They are allowed to take part in many activities like computer games as often as possible.
小題2:From the passage, we know the Beijing Children's Welfare Home spends at least _____ yuan on the orphans every year.
A．1,920,000B．700,000C．874,000D．900,000
小題3:Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．China's population makes up one fifth of the world's total.
B．The CYDE has used the money to help reduce dropouts.
C．The Beijing children's Welfare Home was founded in 1989.
D．An average Chinese worker earned 440 yuan during the first quarter this year.
小題4:China can get the remarkable achievements in children’s welfare because _______.
A．There are many children’s welfare homes.
B．The Hope Project has been very successful.
C．The Chinese governments have been working harder than before.
D．China has a long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate(調(diào)查),how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations. Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.
小題1:What makes a scientist according to the passage?
A．The tools he uses.B．His ways of learning.
C．The way he uses his tools.D．The various tools he use
小題2:“The scientist, however, goes one step further,” the author says this to show      。
A．the importance of information
B．the importance of thinking
C．the difference between scientists and ordinary people
D．the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs.
小題3:A sound scientific theory should be one that      .
A．does not only work under one set of conditions at one time, but also works under the same conditions at other times
B．leaves no room for improvement
C．does not allow any change even under different conditions
D．can be used for many purposes
小題4:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Scientists are different from ordinary people.
B．The theory of relativity.
C．Exactness is the core（核心）of science.
D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Having finished her homework, Ma Li wants some music for relaxation①. As usual, she starts her computer and goes to Baidu.com to download music files. But this time she is surprised when an announcement about protecting songs’ copyright bursts onto the screen. The age of free music and movie downloads may have come to an end as Web companies like Baidu are accused of pirating copyright. Lawsuits② have been filed against four websites offering free downloads. In September 2005, a Beijing court ordered Baidu to pay recording company Shanghai Push compensation for their losses. Baidu was also told to block the links to the pirated music on the website. This caused a heated discussion on Interact file sharing.
“Baidu’s defeat in the lawsuit shows it is not right to get copyrighted songs without paying. Downloaders may face lawsuits or fines,” said an official.
Like many teens, Huang Ruoru, an 18-year-old girl from Puning in Guangdong Province, doesn’t think that getting music from websites is wrong. She always shares her favourite songs downloaded from Baidu with her friends. When told about the lawsuit, she began to feel a little guilty about obtaining others’ work without paying.
However, other teenagers have different ideas. Wang Yafei, a Senior 2 girl from Jinan, Shandong Province pointed out that file sharing is a good way to promote pop singers. “If I download a song and really like it, I will buy the CD,” she said. “So what the recording companies really should concentrate on is improving their music, rather than pursuing③ file-sharers.”
Notes:
①    relaxation  n. 娛樂(lè)
②    lawsuit  n. 訴訟
③    pursue  vt. 追趕，追擊
Choose the best answers according to the above:
小題1:Which of the following best describes the passage?
A．Music on the Internet is of better quality.B．Downloading material can be illegal.
C．It’s good to get free music on the Internet.D．Baidu is a popular web company.
小題2:The four web companies were put to court because _________.
A．they got copyrighted songs without paying
B．they downloaded copyrighted music for people
C．they make copyrighted files for free downloads
D．they offer free music on line
小題3: How do some of the teenagers feel while downloading free music after the lawsuit?
A．A bit guilty.B．A little sad.C．Extremely angry.D．Awfully sorry.
小題4:What’s the advantage of tile sharing for recording companies?
A．Getting more money from web companies.
B．Enabling people to download favorite songs.
C．Helping to improve the music.
D．Making pop singers more popular.
小題5:It can be inferred from the text that _________.
A．Web companies are still ignoring the copyright laws.
B．Teenagers haven’t got money to buy CDs.
C．Teenagers are probably still downloading free music.
D．Teenagers prefer CDs with copyright to pirated music.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you travel around the world , you will be surprised to find just how different the foreign customs can be from your own .
A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table . The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself . Also in India , you might see a man apparently shaking his head at another and assume that he is disagreeing . But in many parts of India a shake of the head is a gesture that shows agreement of acceptance .
Nodding your head when offered a drink in Bulgaria is likely to leave you thirsty . In that country you shake your head to indicate “yes” —a nod indicates “no”. The Arabs are known for their hospitality . At a meal in countries on the Arabic Peninsula , you will find that any drinking vessel （容器，器皿）is repeatedly refilled as soon as you drink it up .
In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when sitting talking to someone , even at an important meeting . Doing this when meeting an important person in Thailand , however , could cause offence . It is too informal an attitude for such an occasion . Also when in Thailand you are not supposed to touch the head of an adult —it’s just not done . In Japan , it is quite usual for men to plan evening entertainments for themselves and leave their wives at home . In Europe such attitudes are disappearing .
Customs vary from country to country . Visitors may be at a loss as to what to do in a foreign environment . In such circumstances , the golden rule to follow is : When in Rome , do as the Romans do .
60．In which country , a left — hand is not welcomed ?         .
A．Thailand B．India       C Arabic peninsula D．Bulgaria
61．In which country , if someone shakes his head at another , it shows that he agrees or accepts ?
.
A．Bulgaria B．Thailand C．China      D．Arabic Peninsula
62．Which of the following is impolite in Europe ?         .
A．to cross your legs
B．to touch the head of an adult
C．That men plan evening entertainment and leave their wives at home
D．To drain the glass in your hand
63．If you don’t know the customs in the country where you visit , the golden rule to follow is          .
A．to do as the Romans do B．to do nothing
C．to visit Rome only D．to do as the natives do

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Each high school has its own policy. One good example is that some high schools require all students to wear uniforms, while others do not. I have been to both types of schools, and if I have to decide which one is better, I will pick the former.
Perhaps every student has this experience: once you are in your school uniforms, you will care more about your own behavior. Uniforms give you an identity that always reminds that you belong to a group. What you do will not only represent yourself, but also the group you belong to, as well as the people with you. In other words, you carry the responsibility to maintain the honor of the group. When you are in your own clothes, it doesn’t matter for you to behave badly in public, but when in your uniform, it does. For high school students, who are not adults yet, this is a good way to shape their behavior.
Moreover, uniforms create an atmosphere of equality. While permitted to wear their won clothes, students may pay much attention to what they wear, in order to show how rich their families are. While in uniforms, all students, rich or poor, look the same, and will be treated equally.
Besides, free from the desires to gain what is new in the shopping mall, wearing uniforms helps students to concentrate on their study.
For all the reasons above, I believe that it is a better choice for high school students to wear uniforms.  They can wear them after school or on weekends.
小題1:According to the author, high schools that require students to wear uniforms______.
A．a(chǎn)re more attractive to students
B． are more strict with students
C． carry out a better policy
D． admit more excellent students.
小題2:How many reasons does the author give to support his or her ideas?
A．twoB．threeC．fourD．five
小題3:According to Paragraph 2, wearing uniforms helps students_______.
A．focus on their study
B．become responsible
C．build up their confidence
D．find the group they belong to
小題4: What would be the best title for the passage?
A．A wise choice, to wear school uniform
B．An honor, to wear your school uniform
C．A difficult choice, in school uniform or not?
D．A difficult choice, which school should we pick?

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Development of Cities
Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern（現(xiàn)代文明之前）era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.
Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate（財(cái)產(chǎn)）subdivision（細(xì)分再分的部分）there proceeded much faster than population growth.
小題1:With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
A Types of mass transportation.
B Instability of urban life.
C How supply and demand determine land use.
D The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.
小題2:Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?
A To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
B To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
C To show mass transportation changed many cities.
D To contrast their rate of growth.
小題3:According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
A It was expensive.
B It happened too slowly.
C It was unplanned.
D It created a demand for public transportation.
小題4:The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,
A that is large.
B that is used as a model for land development.
C where the development of land exceeded population growth.
D with an excellent mass transportation system.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

C
Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.
What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(電子產(chǎn)品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.
Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.
Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反應(yīng)). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.
小題1:What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．Want to buyB．Take the place of.
C．Use at the same time D．Seek for information from.
小題2:In Paragraph 3, the author points out that      .
A．family members do not cat at the family table
B．family member do not greet each other
C．young people live happily in their families
D．young people seldom talk with their family members
小題3:What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.
B．Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets
C．Multitasking is an important skill to young people.
D．Young people must learn skills for future jobs.
小題4:The author develops the passage mainly by    .
A．providing typical examplesB．following the natural time order
C．comparing opinions from different fields
D．presenting a cause and analyzing its effects

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A few years ago I had an “aha!” moment regarding handwriting.
I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it for some sort of editorial task. It occurred at first that I did not recognize the handwriting，and then I realized whose it must be. I finally became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague for at least a year，maybe two，and yet I did not recognize her handwriting at that point.
It was a very important event in the computerization of life—a sign that the informal. Friendly communication of people working together in an office had changed from notes in pen to instant messages and emails. There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters，and we recognized one another's handwriting the way we knew voices or faces.
As a child visiting my father’s office，1 was pleased to recognize，in little notes on the desks of his staff，the same handwriting 1 would see at home in the notes he would leave on the fridge—except that those notes were signed “dad” instead of “RFW”.
All this has been on my mind because of the talk about The Rise and Fall of Handwriting，a book by Florey. Sire shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well，but many others argue that people in a digital age can’t be expected to learn to hold a pen.
I don’t buy it.
I don’t want to see anyone cut off from the expressive，personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does. For many a biographer，part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.
What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16th-century Italy. That may sound impossibly grand—as if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings. However，they have worked in many school systems.
51. Why was the author surprised at not recognizing his colleague’s handwriting?
A. He had worked with his colleague long enough.
B. His colleague’s handwriting was SO beautiful.
C. His colleague’s handwriting was SO terrible.
D. He still had a 1ot of Work to do.
52. People working together in an office used to ____________.
A. talk more about handwriting
B. take more notes on workdays
C. know better one another's handwriting
D. communicate better with one another
53. The author’s father wrote notes in pen _________.
A. to both his family and his staff
B. to his family in small letters
C. to his family on the fridge
D. to his staff on the desk
54. According to the author，handwritten notes _______.
A. are harder to teach in schools
B. attract more attention
C. are used only between friends
D. carry more message
55. We can learn from the passage that the author __________.
A. thinks it impossible to teach handwriting
B. does not want to lose handwriting
C. puts the blame on the computer
D. does not agree with Florey

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案