Have you ever walked outside thinking it was one temperature but quickly discovered it felt colder? That is because of the “wind chill” effect.
Wind chill is how cold people and animals feel when they are outside, not the actual temperature on the thermometer(溫度計). It is based on how quickly your body loses heat when it is exposed to wind and cold. When the wind is strong, your body quickly loses heat, making the temperature of your skin drop.
When scientists first started calculating wind chill, they used research conducted in 1945 by explorers to Antarctica who measured how quickly water froze outside.
But water freezes faster than exposed skin, so the wind chill index based on that data wasn’t accurate.
In 2001, the US government began to measure wind chill more precisely by testing how quickly people’s skin froze.
Twelve volunteers were placed in a chilled wind tunnel. Equipment was stuck to their faces to measure the heat flow from their cheeks, forehead, nose and chin while they walked three miles per hour on a treadmill(跑步機).
The experiment revealed how quickly exposed skin can be damaged, particularly unprotected areas like your fingers, toes, the tip of your nose and your ear lobes. In fact, 40 percent of your body heat can be lost through your head! Signs you might have frostbite(凍瘡) are when the skin turns white or pale and you lose feeling in that area.
The information collected from the volunteers helped scientists work out the math to compute wind chill. It involves wind speed and air temperature.
If, for example, the temperature outside is zero degrees Fahrenheit and the wind is blowing at 15 miles per hour, the wind chill is calculated at 19 degrees below zero. At that wind chill temperature, exposed skin can freeze in 30 minutes.
You can find a calculation table at www.nws.noaa.gov/om/windchill/index.shtml.
Experts advise in cold weather that you wear loose-fitting, lightweight, warm clothing, worn on top of each other. Air caught between the clothes will keep you warm. The best cold-weather coats have head coverings made of woven material that keep out water. So next time the temperature drops and you want to play outside, listen to your parents when they tell you to wrap up warm!
小題1: According to the text, wind chill _______.
A．means how fast exposed skin freezes
B．doesn’t affect your head as much as other body parts
C．changes according to the temperature on the thermometer
D．changes from person to person depending on their health
小題2: When might a person have frostbite according to the passage?
A．When his skin turns red and he loses feeling in that area.
B．When he is running faster and he is losing strength quickly.
C．When his face is exposed and quickly loses heat even indoors.
D．When his skin turns pale and he has no feeling in that area.
小題3: What factors influence wind chill?
A．A person’s body temperature and will speed.
B．Wind speed and a person’s strength.
C．Air temperature and wind speed.
D．The location and air temperature.
小題4: What can we conclude from the passage?
A．It was in 1945 that scientists first began to calculate wind chill.
B．Compared with water, people’s exposed skin freezes more slowly.
C．The wind chill index based on Antarctica data is considered a standard.
D．With the development of technology, many previous researches have been proven wrong.

小題1:A
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:B
文章講述了“wind chill”現(xiàn)象，闡明了原理并介紹了相關(guān)的實驗情況。
小題1:細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知答案為A。
小題2:推理題。根據(jù)文章第七段內(nèi)容可知當裸露皮膚變白，該部分喪失知覺后就容易出現(xiàn)凍瘡。
小題3:細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四段It involves wind speed and air temperature.可知C為正確答案。
小題4:細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一行But water freezes faster than exposed skin可知B為正確答案。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Autumn and winter are cold and flu seasons. Will the old advice about dressing warmly help prevent a cold, or if you get sick, should you follow the old saying, “feed a cold and starve a fever?” And what about that fever? Should you take medicine to reduce your temperature, or is it better to let the body treat the fever itself? Everyone seems to have an answer. But is popular wisdom valuable?
Doctor Nelson knows a lot about cold and flu seasons. Nelson says research may be just starting to provide proofs for long-held beliefs. For example, scientists for years were against the idea that getting cold and wet might cause colds or flu. But recent studies have shown that cold temperatures cause stress on the body, and that stress can create conditions more inviting to viruses. So maybe it does make sense to wrap up warmly before going outside.
And what about feeding a cold and starving a fever? Nelson says if you have a cold and are hungry, you should eat. But a fever, especially a high one, suggests a more serious problem. He says people are usually not hungry when they have a high fever. Eating might even make a person sick. But drinking enough water is important. A fever easily makes the body lose water.
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Medicine like aspirin, for example, can be used to reduce pain and fever. But aspirin should not be given to children because it can cause serious problems.
小題1:We can learn from the passage that Doctor Nelson________.
A．doesn’t believe in the old advice about preventing colds
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C．doesn’t think it necessary to see a doctor immediately if a person has a temperature of 40℃
D．doesn’t think it necessary to treat a fever even if it prevents someone from sleeping.
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C．try to eat somethingD．take some exercise outside
小題3:Which of the following is Not mentioned in the passage?
A．When people should treat a fever
B．Whether the old advice about preventing a cold is valuable.
C．What the medicine , aspirin, is used for.
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B．lead to children’s preference for earning money on their own
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B．a(chǎn) phrase or a sentence that doesn't mean exactly what every word says
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


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D．they want to learn how to farm in the fields
小題3:What can we learn from the note mentioned in this passage?
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C. What the purpose of the shop is.
D. Goods from the Third World are better than those from the USA.
小題4:From the last paragraph we can learn that ________.
A．American volunteers like to run shops
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


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小題1:
A．ranB．cameC．rodeD．drove
小題2:
A．hotelB．shopC．bankD．restaurant
小題3:
A．believeB．expectC．guessD．hope
小題4:
A．muchB．suchC．moreD．this
小題5:
A．excuseB．ideaC．causeD．a(chǎn)nswer
小題6:
A．businessB．jobC．placeD．spot
小題7:
A．nervousB．shyC．calmD．a(chǎn)ngry
小題8:
A．downB．forC．towardsD．through
小題9:
A．caredB．talkedC．a(chǎn)skedD．worried
小題10:
A．informationB．offerC．instructionD．support
小題11:
A．AgainB．ThenC．ThusD．However
小題12:
A．hiddenB．rolledC．filledD．covered
小題13:
A．gettingB．a(chǎn)imingC．a(chǎn)ppearingD．sticking
小題14:
A．tookB．shookC．filledD．covered
小題15:
A．whatB．whenC．thatD．it
小題16:
A．EvenB．StillC．JustD．Ever
小題17:
A．LessB．PlentyC．MoreD．None
小題18:
A．beliefB．surpriseC．joyD．regret
小題19:
A．ofB．withC．onD．in
小題20:
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder. “__43___of your excuses! Start work at once!” To my ___44__ the first customer was a girl ___45__ a red dress and behind her stood a man carrying something wrapped in brown paper. The Dream! Sometimes life is full of coincidences (巧合)!
小題1:
A．a(chǎn)sB．butC．a(chǎn)ndD．or
小題2:
A．hotelB．shopC．bankD．restaurant
小題3:
A．luckyB．happyC．sorryD．a(chǎn)ngry
小題4:
A．excuseB．ideaC．causeD．a(chǎn)nswer
小題5:
A．BeforeB．BehindC．BeyondD．Against
小題6:
A．nervousB．shyC．calmD．a(chǎn)ngry
小題7:
A．caredB．talkedC．a(chǎn)skedD．worried
小題8:
A．informationB．offerC．introductionD．support
小題9:
A．hiddenB．filledC．decoratedD．covered
小題10:
A．tookB．filledC．closedD．came
小題11:
A．whenB．a(chǎn)fterC．beforeD．that
小題12:
A．As usualB．For one thingC．In factD．In general
小題13:
A．LessB．PlentyC．MoreD．None
小題14:
A．pleasureB．surpriseC．joyD．regret
小題15:
A．ofB．withC．onD．in

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