Sports are by nature competitive. But recently, the over-competitive nature youth sports seem to have taken on has led to cause for ____.

Those who are strongly against competition point out that in a competition, only one wins while the rest ____. They argue that competition leads children to define themselves by the outcome, tying their self-esteem(自尊心) up with their ability to ____ others. They further argue that competition causes anxiety, affects learning and causes children to view others as____ to their success. Competition restricts participation and ___ success. A “win-at-all-costs” mentality can cause children to pay little attention to honesty and fair play.

On the opposite side of the debate are those who view competition as a ____ part of American society. They argue that placing kids in a competitive situation such as sports helps prepare them for a(n) ____ life in our society that is full of competition. ____ is a normal part of human nature and part of everyday life. Other arguments ____ competitive sports are that they provide challenges, help kids develop skills, and teach them how to get along with others.

The third side of this debate says that a little competition can’t be that ____, as long as competition does not get out of hand and take on a “win-at-all-costs” mentality. They claim that competition in itself is not bad and it can serve as a ____ of social comparison, necessary for adolescents to see how ____ they are. Their advice is to introduce competition ____ while focusing more on mastery and cooperation during childhood. The gradual shift toward competition will allow children to build skills, participate fully, and focus on ____ rather than winning.

It is important that you consider all of the possible ____ of competition before you put your child in a competitive situation.

1.A. alarm B. concern C. optimism D. accident

2.A. follow B. stop C. fail D. return

3.A. beat B. change C. study D. control

4.A. tickets B. barriers C. roads D. invitations

5.A. refuses B. limits C. imagines D. stresses

6.A. healthy B. popular C. hard D. missing

7.A. political B. early C. adult D. daily

8.A. Disagreement B. Motivation C. Difficulty D. Competition

9.A. doubting B. attacking C. supporting D. ignoring

10.A. necessary B. bad C. interesting D. boring

11.A. sample B. product C. subject D. means

12.A. unique B. young C. normal D. skillful

13.A. gradually B. eventually C. widely D. forcefully

14.A. observing B. teaching C. playing D. growing

15.A. benefits B. outcomes C. responsibilities D. methods

 

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.D

6.A

7.C

8.D

9.C

10.B

11.D

12.A

13.A

14.C

15.B

【解析】

試題分析：本文是議論文，討論要不要把孩子放在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境中去，盡管各方意見(jiàn)不一致，但在做這事之前一定要慎重考慮。

1.

2.句意：那些強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的人指出，在比賽中，只有一個(gè)人能贏，而其它人會(huì)輸。While 表對(duì)比，故選C項(xiàng)。

3.句意：他們認(rèn)為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)讓孩子通過(guò)結(jié)果來(lái)評(píng)判自己，把他們的自尊心與打敗別人的能力聯(lián)系在一起。根據(jù)上文中提到in a competition, only one wins while the rest ____. 在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，只有一個(gè)贏，而其它人會(huì)失敗。所以打敗別人的能力想聯(lián)系。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.句意：他們也認(rèn)為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致焦慮，影響學(xué)習(xí)，使孩子認(rèn)為這是他們成功的障礙。根據(jù)上文提到They argue that competition leads children to define themselves by the outcome他們會(huì)以結(jié)果來(lái)定義自己，這成為成功的障礙。所以選B項(xiàng)。

5.句意：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)限制參與，強(qiáng)調(diào)成功。根據(jù)下方提到這種贏的代價(jià)會(huì)導(dǎo)致孩子不注重誠(chéng)實(shí)與公平，所以只強(qiáng)調(diào)成功，故選D項(xiàng)。

6.句意：反對(duì)的那些人把這做為美國(guó)社會(huì)健康的一部分。與第二段強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的人想對(duì)比，他們認(rèn)為這是很健康的， 所以選A項(xiàng)。

7.句意：他們認(rèn)為把孩子放在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境中可以幫助孩子為將來(lái)進(jìn)入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)社會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備。that is full of competition.是adult life 的定語(yǔ)從句，成年人的世界充滿(mǎn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

8.句意：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是人類(lèi)本性的正常的一部分也是日常生活的一部分。這段是在討論競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以選D項(xiàng)。

9.句意：其它人認(rèn)為支持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的運(yùn)動(dòng)是提供挑戰(zhàn)，幫助孩子發(fā)展技能，教會(huì)他們?nèi)绾闻c人相處。這一段主在講競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以選C項(xiàng)。

10.句意：第三方認(rèn)為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不是壞事，只要不過(guò)分，體現(xiàn)勝利不惜一切精神就可以。根據(jù)下句話(huà)提到只要不過(guò)分，所以認(rèn)為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不是壞事，所以選B項(xiàng)。

11.句意：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)本身不是壞事，它體現(xiàn)社會(huì)比較的一種方法。Serve as 作為，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選D項(xiàng)。

12.特性的；young年輕的；normal正常的；skillful有技術(shù)的；句意：有必要讓青少年看到他們的獨(dú)特性。Necessary to do ，有必要做某事，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是讓孩子看到他的獨(dú)特性，所以選A項(xiàng)。

13.句意：他們的建議是逐漸引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與此同時(shí)在兒童時(shí)代多多關(guān)注合作與掌握。根據(jù)下文提到The gradual shift toward competition will allow children to build skills,逐步的轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)试S孩子提高技能，所以選A項(xiàng)。

14.句意：逐漸的轉(zhuǎn)變引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)允許孩子增強(qiáng)自己的技能，充分參與，集中注意力于玩上而不是贏上。根據(jù)上文提到Their advice is to introduce competition ____ while focusing more on mastery and cooperation during childhood在兒童時(shí)代多關(guān)注合作與掌握，故讓孩子玩而不是贏，故選C項(xiàng)。

15.句意：在把你孩子放在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境中之前，考慮到所以可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果是非常重要的。這是作者在深化主題，在做事之前充分考慮可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，這是最好的辦法，所以選B項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn) ：文化類(lèi)閱讀。

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