You’re out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fine. You decide to leave a big fat tip. Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think.
Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter’s choice of words to how they carry themselves while taking orders to the bill’s total.
“Studies before have shown that mimicry (模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor. “These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics them.”
So Rick van Baren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He requested that half serve with a phrase such as, “Coming up!” Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compared their take-home(實(shí)得收入). The results were clear---it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.
Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St. Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cab drivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up.
“That’s also a point of tipping,” Green says. “You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they weren’t there you’d never get any service. So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there.”
小題1:According to the passage, a customer gives the cab driver a tip for ____.
A．driver’s politeness B．being thereC．driver’s attitudesD．driver’s mimicry
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages for the three areas researched?

小題3:According to the passage, we know the writer seems to _________.
A．oppose Mr. Green’s idea about tipping
B．support the opinions of Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping
C．give his generous tip to the waiters very often
D．think part of Mr. Green’s explanation is reasonable

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:B

試題分析：
小題1:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up可以判斷答案為B
小題2:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著顧客賬單的增加，這三個(gè)區(qū)的小費(fèi)卻小降，故選D
小題3:這是一道推斷判斷題。從全文可以看出作者沒(méi)有表達(dá)出不贊成Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，故選B
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文通過(guò)調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn)付小費(fèi)受到一系列心理因素的影響。對(duì)于文章中的細(xì)節(jié)題，要注意文章中的細(xì)節(jié)的理解。推斷題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀(guān)點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋�？忌紫纫屑�(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We may have hosted some difficult house guests once or on even more occasions. Are you still worrying about how to deal with them? Here below are some tips on how to deal with those difficult house guests.
You’ve been waiting an hour to eat breakfast but your guests are still sleeping.
“Unless you adjusted a time for breakfast the evening before, let your guests sleep-in and enjoy your breakfast without them. If possible, keep their breakfast warm. Or better yet, when entertaining it’s always a good idea to have cold breakfast (as well as lunch, dinner and snack) food on-hand.”
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Your guest’s teenage son is a Facebook addict and hogs your computer all day long.
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Your couch surfing, unemployed nephew has been here a month and is showing no sign of leaving.
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——Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas
Your guests expect you to accompany them to every single tourist attraction in your city. It’s tiring and expensive.
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——Pamela Eyring, president and director of The Protocol School of Washington
You gave your friend a closet shelf for her stuff but her clothes are thrown all over the place.
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——Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas
小題1:According to Ummu Bradley Thomas, which of the following is the best way to deal with the guests?
A．Kindly explaining to him you need to use the computer.
B．Politely asking him to stop using the computer at once.
C．Introducing other toys to him to play with.
D．Simply letting him keep using the computer as he likes.
小題2:The passage gives the following tips EXCEPT that _______.
A．declining the guests’ requests if you hate to accompany them everywhere
B．reminding them to keep their clothes on the top shelf
C．trying to offer at least one dish based on his or her preferences
D．keeping their breakfast warm or having cold breakfast food on-hand
小題3:Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
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B．How to Keep Good Personal Relations
C．How to Find the Best Solution
D．How to Deal with Difficult House Guests
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A recent survey made by BUPA, an international healthcare provider, shows that 54 percent of Chinese people aged between 45 and 54 consider themselves old, while 28 percent say that the thought of getting old upsets them. 25 percent are afraid of getting old, and a third worry about life in old age.
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Bangkok
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Hong Kong
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Kuala Lumpur
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Seoul
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In Seoul, many commuters prefer to take taxis to get to work.. To hail a cab，many people stand at crossroads and raise two fingers. This means they'll pay the cab driver double the usual fare. Some people even raise three fingers! They'll pay three times the normal rate。
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B．Parents give love and care to children.
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B．They make bread or pastry.
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By 2012，the world may need to cope with as many as 50 million people who have fled their homeland，not for political or economic reasons but because the environment has been so badly changed that it cannot support life. The statement has been released by the United Nations to mark UN Disaster Reduction Day.
More people are made homeless by environmental disasters than by war，according to the research by the Red Cross. That reality is proved by the earthquake in Pakistan.
The widely publicized disaster has brought aid from the global community，according to Janos Bogardi，director of the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security. “If we can move swiftly in and give them a new start where they are，then they may stay in the area. Otherwise，they become environmental refugees. Environmental­related migrations are most acute in Sub­Saharan Africa，but they also affect millions of people in Asia and India. Meanwhile，the United States is witnessing increased pressure from victims of mismanaged and worsening soil and water conditions in Mexico and Latin America.” he says. Janos Bogardi says these refugees suffer from the impact of gradual environmental change—global warming，sea level rise，air and water pollution and more intense storms，floods and droughts that degrade the land. This is a slow process，but unfortunately a process that is very difficult to go backwards once final damage is done.
Janos Bogardi says they are calling on the global community to recognize the serious situation of environmental refugees and to work together to lessen the impact of environmental disaster.
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A．50 Million environmental refugees by 2010
B．Environmental refugees—an international problem
C．The cause of environmental disasters
D．Global aid pouring in
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A．constructive　　　　　　　B．compromising
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A．earthquakeB．water conditions
C．global communityD．worsening soil
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A．People all over the world have realized the impact of environmental disasters on refugees.
B．It is time for us to take some measures to solve the problem of environmental refugees.
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小題1:According to Paragraph 1，the report reveals          .
A．some families can't afford a bigger property
B．children like to do homework in the kitchen
C．only a few families have housing problem
D．people are satisfied with their living condition
小題2:What Miss Baden said in Paragraph 2 means            .
A．most families don't have enough money yet
B．no family could afford a three—bedroom home
C．it is common to live in a three—bedroom home
D．the price of a bigger property is still acceptable
小題3:The report from the investment firm LV shows            .
A．young couples should live in a two—bedroom home
B．families with three or so children couldn't afford a home
C．parents should buy houses for their grown—up children
D．some grown—up children couldn't afford a separate home
小題4:According to the passage，the right size for a home means           .
A．parents should have a bedroom of their own
B．a(chǎn)nyone over 21 needs to live in their own home
C．children under ten should share parents’ bedroom
D．children under 20 should have their own bedroom
小題5:What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．House prices are falling down everywhere．
B．People are able to buy a home of correct size．
C．The North East is now all area．suitable to live in．
D．The house prices in London has not fallen down．

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