Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；Someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.
The ancestors(祖先) of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
小題1:Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?
A．Places where people lived.
B．People’s occupations.
C．Talents that people possessed.
D．People’s characters.
小題2:According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.
A．owned or drove a cart
B．made things with metals
C．built houses and furniture
D．made kitchen tools or contains
小題3:Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______.
A．Donald GreenwoodB．Leonard Carter
C．George Longstreet D．Beatrice Smith
小題4:The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s _______.
A．later sponsorsB．later generations
C．friends and relativesD．colleagues and partners

小題1:D
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:B

試題分析：本文講述了西方人名是根據(jù)什么來取名的。比如說，根據(jù)居住的地方來取名的，根據(jù)人們的職業(yè)，根據(jù)人們所擁有的哪方面的才能來取名。
小題1:根據(jù)文中第四，五，六三段可知ABC選項內(nèi)容均有提到，只有D選項“人物的性格”未提及。
小題2:文中第六段potter-a person who made pots and pans,可知potter 意為一個制作茶壺和平底鍋的人， pots and pans均是廚房用品，由此推斷選D
小題3:根據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第二段可知一些人取名是根據(jù)特征而來。比如灰色頭發(fā)的人取名john Gray，高個的人取名john Tallman. 所以根據(jù)題意，居住在森林旁邊的人取名為Donald Greenwood
小題4:根據(jù)最后一段第一二行“some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. The Johnsons are descendants of John可知descendants指的是后代
點評：本文講述了西方人名是根據(jù)什么來取名的。本文內(nèi)容比較簡單，集中考查細節(jié)較多，在閱讀時注意關(guān)鍵的細節(jié)內(nèi)容，做好標志，以提高閱讀的效率。答題前一定要讀懂全文，一定要注意體會重要線索，然后帶著問題，再讀全文，找出答題所需要的依據(jù)，完成閱讀。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education . Washington and Lincoln, for example, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, shopkeeper and post officer in his early years.
A large number of U. S. presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general (將軍) in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the Second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same school—West Point Military Academy . One may be surprised to learn that both of them did not do well in the school. Eisenhower, for example, was once fined (罰款) because he broke the rules of the school.
The jobs of U. S. presidents are tiring. He must keep an eye on anything important which happens both at home and abroad. Every day, a lot of work waits for him to do, and he has to make many important decisions. When Franklin Roosevelt was a child, he was once brought to visit President Taft. The old president said to him, “When you grow up, you should not be president. It’s a tiring job.”
小題1:In the nineteenth century, many U.S. presidents       .
A．did not have much knowledge in their work
B．had been workers, shop-keepers and post officers in their early years
C．couldn’t receive good education before they grew up
D．didn’t want to go to school during their childhood
小題2:President Eisenhower became well-known      .
A．while studying in West Point Military Academy.
B．during the American Civil War
C．a(chǎn)fter he was elected President of the U. S.
D．during World War II
小題3:In this passage, “keep an eye on” means “        ”.
A．pay close attention toB．not pay attention to
C．look at something with one eyeD．never keep in mind
小題4:Which of the following do you think is right according to the last paragraph?
A．In the U. S. no one wanted to be president because it was tiring.
B．None of the presidents except Taft could do the tiring job.
C．It is an important and tiring job to be a president in the U. S.
D．President Taft didn’t want Roosevelt to be a president because he was too young.
小題5:Which do you think is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A．Many of the U. S. presidents had served in the army before they took office.
B．Only those who didn’t work hard at school but were good at fighting could be presidents.
C．Grant and Eisenhower became well-known because they both graduated from West Point Military Academy.
D．Eisenhower was President at the beginning of the Second World War.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself. But many of the expressions using water have unpleasant meanings.
The expression “to be in hot water" is one of them. It is a very old expression. “Hot water” was used 500 years ago to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle.
That no longer happens. But we still get in “hot water”．When we are in “hot water”, we are in trouble. It can be any kind of trouble—serious or not so serious. A person who breaks a law can be in hot water with the police. A young boy can be in hot water with his mother. if he walks in the house with dirty shoes.
Being in “deep water” is almost the same as being in hot water. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult position. Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown in water over his head.
You are in deep water when you are facing a problem that you do not have the ability to solve. The problem is too deep. You can be in deep water, for example, if you invest in stocks without knowing anything about the stock market.
“To keep your head above water” is a colorful expression that means staying out of debt. A company seeks to keep its head above water during economic hard times. A man who loses his job tries to keep his head above water until he finds a new job.
“Water over the dam” is another expression about a past event. It is something that is finished. It cannot be changed. The expression comes from the idea that water that has flowed over a dam cannot be brought back again.
小題1:Which of the following two expressions have almost the same meaning?
A．To be in hot water；To be in deep water.
B．To be in hot water；To keep your head above water.
C．To be in deep water；Water over the dam.
D．Water over the dam；To be in hot water.
小題2:If a person tries to keep his head out of water，we can say that       .
A．he is in danger of losing his life
B．he is trying to pay off his debt
C．he is trying to keep his promise
D．he is trying not to get into debt
小題3:What can you infer from the passage?
A．“To be in hot water” can only be used to mention serious trouble.
B．“Water over the dam” is an expression about a future event.
C．Water could be used in the war in the past.
D．All of the expressions using water have unpleasant meanings.
小題4:This passage is written mainly to tell us        .
A．the use of water
B．how to use some expressions about water
C．expressions about water and their meanings
D．expressions with negative meaning

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When I first saw the book Alice in Lace, I thought I was going to like it. And as it turned out, I love it! I love books about life and being a kid. And Alice in Lace is just that kind. It’s a humorous book about being thirteen and the problems kids might face. Alice and her friends get a strange assignment from their totally cool teacher, Mr. Everett. It was like playing the game of “Life,” but you had to act it out.
So Pamela is pregnant, Elizabeth buys a car and Alice gets married. Well, of course, Pamela wasn’t really pregnant, but she walked around with a pillow under her shirt to get people’s reactions. Elizabeth didn’t really buy a car, but she went to the car lot and made the sales guy think she was. The whole class got assignments like these! I would love to do something like that for school.
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Although this book was funny, it really made me think about how problems like these could really mess up your life. Take teenage pregnancy for example. How could you have a baby and stay in school? You couldn’t find a babysitter every day to stay with your kid. A child really consumes your life. I understand what the teacher was trying to do. He was trying to discourage the class from getting into these problems by giving them a glimpse of life. As someone about to become a teenager myself, I can say sometimes a story makes you think about what’s up ahead.
Overall, I would say this book is wonderful. My favorite part of the book is discovering that if I like it, there are seven other Alice books I can check out at my local library. I love this book, and I hope you will too.
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A．turn out to be the author’s classmates
B．a(chǎn)re characters in Alice in Lace
C．get along quite well
D．become dismissed from school
小題2:By saying “getting married is hard” in the paragraph 3, Alice means ______.
A．life isn’t easy as expected
B．it is hard to deal with her husband
C．she regrets getting married
D．it’s fun to get married
小題3:Why did Mr. Everett give his students such assignments?
A．To encourage them to enjoy a meaningful life.
B．To prevent them getting into those troubles at an early age.
C．To make them realize the hardship of life.
D．To teach them how to make a living.
小題4:The author writes the passage mainly to _____.
A．a(chǎn)dvise us to buy Alice in Lace
B．tell us how wonderful Mr. Everett’s idea is
C．share her inspiration from Alice in Lace
D．show off her reading ability

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Around the world there are some festivals that for some of us may sound bizarre.
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A．DangerousB．StrangeC．terribleD．Familiar
小題2:If a participant wants to win in the rolling cheese race, he / she should __________.
A．roll as much cheese down the hill as possible
B．find the largest piece of cheese rolling downhill
C．perform the best grimace when chasing the cheese
D．be the first one to catch the cheese rolling downhill
小題3:According to the writer, a girl above 17 should be careful when enjoying __________.
A．the worldwide championship of wife lifting
B．the world championship of grimaces
C．the Boryeong Mud Festival
D．the Monkey Buffet Festival

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I’m in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, “I’m having a dinner party” means “I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can’t afford and we’ll be sharing the cheque evenly, no matter what you eat.”
Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They’ll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout “Where are you going?” And it’s not like I can say I have somewhere to go : everyone knows I have nowhere to go.
But in London, dinner parties are in people’s homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York, the mix is less striking. It’s like a gathering at Bloomingdale’s, a well-known department store.
For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery’s, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club.
小題1:What does the word “shot” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Choice.B．Try.C．Style. D．Goal.
小題2:What does the author dislike most about dinner parties in New York?
A．There is a strange mix of people.B．The restaurant are expensive.
C．The bill is not fairly shared.D．People have to pay cash.
小題3:What does the author think of the parties in London?
A．A bit unusual.B．Full of tricks.
C．Less costly.D．More interesting.
小題4:What is the author’s opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience?
A．Easygoing.. B．Self-centred.
C．Generous.D．Conservative.
小題5:What is the main idea of this article?
A．The author hated dinner parties.
B．The author prefer dinner parties in London to those in New York.
C．The difference between London and New York.
D．Mallery invited the author to a party.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It is "one of the few bright spots in the Chinese economy," says Zeng Ming． He is talking about e-commerce． Mr Zeng, the chief strategy officer for Alibaba, a giant Chinese Internet firm, predicts that digital transactions on his firm's platforms will top l trillion yuan （$159 billion） this year-more than Amazon's and eBay's combined． That is a bold claim, but consider what happened on Singles Sunday．
Invented a few years ago by students and seized upon by digital marketers, this festival for lonely hearts falls annually on the  llth day of the llth month （since l is the loneliest number）．It is like St Valentine's Day, only worse． Singletons shower each other with tender gifts: a barrage of pearls; a storm of sweets．
This November llth they spent a surprising 19 billion yuan on Alibaba's online platforms-a fourfold increase on a year ago, and more than double what Americans spent online last Cyber Monday （the Monday after Thanksgiving, when retailers urge Americans to shop online）． About 100m purchases were logged, accounting for 80% of the packages shipped that day． Couriers（怏遞員） were buried in parcels．
So life is good for China's e-tailers, then? Not exactly． The number of digital marketers is increasing and online sales are booming． Consumers are enjoying lower prices, better service and more variety． The problem? The pressure on profits in Chinese e-commerce is worse than in America, reckons Elinor Leung of CLSA, a broker． "Almost no one makes money," she says．
The fiercest battles are being fought between online retailers and their bricks-and-mortar（實體的） rivals．Dangdang, a firm． that resembles Amazon,．a(chǎn)nd 360buy, another online retailer, have cut prices fiercely． Tencent, a cash-rich online giant known for its instant-messaging software, is splashing out to win market share． 360buy has also just raised $400m from investors to do the same． But it is unclear how much longer such firms can burn through capital．
小題1:What's the best title of this passage?
A．The Ambition of Alibaba
B．Fierce Competition between Retailers
C．A Newly Sprung Festival for the Singles
D．Chinese Booming and Developing E-commerce
小題2:According to Zeng Ming, this year Alibaba will        ．
A．outweigh Amazon and eBay in worldwide influence
B．rank top among all the Internet firms
C．have more than 159 billion dollars' sale
D．create another sales miracle just like the one on Singles Day
小題3:How many packages were shipped on November ll th from Alibaba's online platforms?
A．About 80 million．B．About 100 million．
C．About 125 million．D．About 180 million．
小題4:What's the author's attitude towards online retailers in China?
A．Optimistic．B．Concerned．
C．Sympathetic．D．Indifferent．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Every year many students went to the college bookstore to purchase the different textbooks that they need for their classes. Little do these students realize that, in doing so, they are throwing good money away. It may sound unbelievable but textbooks, in some cases, actually cost as much as, if not more than, college fees.
Many people think that college bookstores are the most convenient source for textbooks. Titles are usually kept and students may purchase new textbooks or choose to buy second-hand books and save money. But the money saved by purchasing second-hand textbooks from college bookstores is small compared to the amount they could save by shopping online.
More and more online booksellers have begun selling textbooks at heavily discounted prices. Online second-hand bookstores are another source for college books as they keep a large number of textbooks, which means sizable savings for students. Students should avoid purchasing their textbooks at the first store that they surf online since there are so many ‘unreal’ booksellers on the Net. Price isn't the only factor to consider when making an online purchase. Students should also consider shopping costs and delivery time when making their decision.
Online auctions(拍賣) are another option for students seeking a bargain. This option, however, has its pros and cons. A plus is that students can get incredibly cheap books. One problem is that while online bookstores have a system in place that ensure you receive your order within a reasonable amount of time, with an auction purchase, however, you  must depend on the auction seller's timetable.
One way that students can really save is by getting books for free. Project Gutenberg is one resource that English majors will find invaluable. Here students can legally download a huge collection of classic novels. In the past students needing help with their studies would often have to spend a lot of money buying expensive study guides. Today that is no longer the case. Cash-strapped students can now visit the website SparkNotes for free downloadable study guides as well as classics.
小題1:Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．Learning to Save on TextbooksB．Why Buy Textbooks
C．Online Shopping D．Tips for Buying Secondhand Textbooks
小題2:Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a source to obtain textbooks ?
A．College bookstores.B．Online used bookstores.
C．Online auctions.D．Second-hand bookstore centres.
小題3:The underlined expression “pros and cons” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to __________.
A．professionals and conservativesB．joy and sadness
C．a(chǎn)dvantages and disadvantagesD．processes and conditions
小題4:According to the passage, Project Gutenberg is probably __________.
A．a(chǎn) government project aimed at helping English majors
B．a(chǎn) project to help poor students get free learning materials
C．a(chǎn) website for English majors to get the guides from language experts
D．a(chǎn) website for students to get free sources for English learning
小題5:From the passage, we can learn that__________.
A．the cost of textbooks in college is low compared to the amount spent on tuition
B．online auctions are perfect for students seeking text books
C．students should visit many websites before buying their books
D．students should consider shopping costs and delivery time above all else when making their buying decision

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Holiday Inns and McDonald’s. both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s. Their growth opened another direct business operation—franchising.
These operations have the same general pattern. The franchisor, the parent company, first establishes a successful retail business. As it expands, it sees a profit potential in offering others the right to open similar business under its name. The parent company’s methods and means of identification with consumers are included in this right. The parent company supplies skill, and may build and rent stores to franchisees. For these advantages the franchisee pays the franchisor a considerable fee. However, some of the advantages and disadvantages are different.
By extending a “proven” marketing method, a parent can profit in several ways. First, the franchisee’s purchase price gives the parent an immediate return on the plan. Then the sale of supplies to the franchisee provides a continuing source of profits. As new businesses are added and the company’s reputation spreads, the values of the franchise increases and sales of franchises become easier. The snowballing effect can be dramatic. Such growth, too, bring into play the economies of scale. Regional or national advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one with 40.
The parent, then, finds immediate gains from the opportunity to expand markets on the basis of reputation alone, without having to put up capital or take the risk of owning retail stores. Added to this advantage is a less obvious but material one, Skilled, responsible retail managers are rare. People who invest their capital in franchises, though, probably come closer to the ideal than do paid managers. In fact, the franchisee is an independent store operator working for the franchisor, but without an independent’s freedom to drop supplies at will. Of course the factory’s costs of selling supplies are less. But also certainly the franchisee buying goods that have had broad consumer acceptance will not casually change supplies, even when the contract permits. If the hamburger is not what the customer expected, they may not return. Having paid for the goodwill, the franchisee won’t thoughtlessly destroy it.
小題1: Franchising refers to a business operation in which a successful parent company          .
A．sells name-brand goods to a private investor
B．rents proven ideas and techniques for investment
C．sells the right, the guidance to a business under its name
D．takes no advertising responsibility for individual investors
小題2:. The advantages of franchising to the parent company are all the following EXCEPT      .
A．a(chǎn)n immediate investment return
B．the profit from the sale of supplies
C．the ownership of additional retail stores
D．the possibility of profitable advertising
小題3: The passage mainly tells the reader          .
A．the advantages and disadvantages of franchising
B．the benefits of franchising to the franchisor
C．the unmatched economic growth in the 1960’s
D．some regional and national business operation
小題4:. What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?
A．More advantages of franchising.
B．Negative aspects related to franchising.
C．The standard of consumer acceptance.
D．Risks of investment besides franchising

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