Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)-also called “second-hand smoke” and “passive smoking” contains over 4 000 chemicals, including over 50 known carcinogens (致癌物) and many poisonous things. No safe level of ETS exposure has been proved. Nor is there any expectation that further research will identify such a level.
Several recent reviews have confirmed the serious risks to health and life associated with passive smoking. Long time exposure to second-hand smoke has been proved as a cause of many of the same diseases caused by active smoking, including lung cancer, cardiovascular (心臟血管的) disease, and childhood disease.
Living with a smoker has been shown to increase the risk of coronary heart disease (冠心病) among non-smokers by 25-30% (a recent study indicates that this figure may actually be higher). There is also growing evidence that passive smoking is causally linked to stroke in non-smokers, although further research is needed to estimate the risk.
Second-hand smoke is especially dangerous for young children and infants, being associated with sudden infant death, pneumonia, bronchitis (支氣管炎), asthma (哮喘) and respiratory symptoms as well as middle ear disease. ETS exposure in pregnant women can cause lower birth weight, foetal (胎兒的) death and preterm delivery.
Most of the adverse health outcomes brought about by ETS show that the risk increases steadily with increasing exposure. The level of individual risk is lower compared to active smoking. Nevertheless, the fact that large numbers of people are exposed results in a substantial burden of disease.
Action on smoke-free environments would not only protect people from the harm of ETS exposure but also contribute to the reduction of tobacco consumption in the whole population. The health effects of reduced passive and active smoking would include reduced illness and death from major disease types-in particular lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and stroke-and increased life expectancy.
51. Which of the following statements is true? _______
A. Although ETS contains many harmful things, it is not unsafe.
B. The fact that second-hand smoke is safe has been recently found.
C. It is expected that further research will be done to test the level of ETS.
D. By far the safe level of ETS has not been found and will not in the future.
52. Cardiovascular disease can be caused by _______.
A. long time passive smoking    B. accidental active smoking
B. occasional passive smoking   D. short term active smoking
53. According to the article, the statements about the risk of coronary heart disease are wrong EXCEPT that________
A. if you smoke, the risk of this disease will increase by 25-30%. 
B. the non-smokers exposed to smoke will increase the risk of this disease by 25-30%.
C. for the smokers, the risk of getting this disease is higher than that of the non-smokers.
D. the non-smokers exposed to smoke will be more easily to get this disease than the smokers.
54. What does the underlined word “delivery” mean? ________.
A. Transferring to another     B. Giving birth   C. Throwing away   D. Giving out
55. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? ______
A. To introduce what is ETS.
B. To tell the readers how to avoid ETS.
C. To call for the action against ETS.
D. To warn the readers against smoking.

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:B
小題5:C
         
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Ⅲ 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié) 閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.
Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(觀察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.
The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.
Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here’s where the trick lies in. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles — making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles — so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.
When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren’t fooled — they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.
As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result, they’re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.
41．Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate        .
A．children’s and adults’ eye-sight
B．people’s ability to see accurately
C．children’s and adults’ brains
D．the influence of people’s age
42．When asked to find the larger circle,        .
A．children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around
B．only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around
C．children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones around
D．a(chǎn)dults got it right most of the time with gray ones around
43．According to the passage, we can know that        .
A．a(chǎn) smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background
B．a(chǎn)n orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same size
C．a(chǎn) circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size
D．a(chǎn) circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size
44．Visual context may work when children get older than        .
A．4                           B．6                            C．10                          D．18
45．Why are younger children not fooled?
A．Because they are smarter than older children and adults.
B．Because older people are influenced by their experience.
C．Because people’s eyes become weaker as they grow older.
D．Because their brain can hardly notice related things together.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Ask any person who is successful in whatever he or she is doing what motivates him/her, and very likely the answer will be "goals". Goal Setting is extremely important to motivation and success. So what motivates you? Why are you in college? If you are in college because that's what your parents want, you may find it difficult to motivate yourself. Sure, it's possible to succeed with someone else providing the motivation for you. ("If you graduate from college, I'll give you a car!" or worse "If you don't graduate from college, you won't get a car.") But motivation that comes from within really makes the difference.
Certainly, you need some intelligence, knowledge base, study skills, and time management skills, but if you don't have motivation, you won't get far. Think about this analogy. You have a car with a full tank of gas, a well-tuned engine, good set of tires, quadraphonic CD system, and a sleek, polished exterior(外表). There it sits. This car has incredible potential. However, until a driver sits behind the wheel, puts the key in the ignition(點火裝置), and cranks it up, the car doesn't function. You guessed it; the KEY is MOTIVATION.
Interest is an important motivator for a student. So is a desire to learn. When you link these two things together, you create success. Often success in an endeavor(努力) leads to more interest and a greater desire to learn, creating an upward spiral(螺旋形) of motivation toward a goal you have established.
So be honest with yourself. Are you genuinely interested in being in college? Have you set realistic goals for yourself? How can you develop the internal motivation that really counts? When it comes to motivation, KNOWING is not as important as DOING.
小題1:Why does the writer give the example of a car in the second paragraph?
A．Because people can never go far without a good car.
B．Because a good car motivates some college students to study harder.
C．Because a good car is a symbol of being a success.
D．Because motivation leads people to success like it starts a car.
小題2: What is the CORRECT comparison between the internal motivation and the external (外部的)motivation?
A．Only the internal motivation can result in success.
B．Internal motivation is more important than external motivation.
C．Internal motivation and external motivation has equal importance.
D．External motivation is enough for people to achieve success.
小題3: According to the article the following factors can push people towards their goals EXCEPT __________?
A．interestB．the desire to learn
C．the knowledge of motivationD．the sense of success
小題4: What’s the main purpose of the article?
A．To encourage everyone to develop motivation for whatever they are doing..
B．To inspire college students to set goals for their college life.
C．To imply that the less motivated college students quit the college.
D．To call on parents to give up their over-protection of their children.
小題5: What may be the writer’s advice to the potential readers?
A．The goals you set for yourself shouldn’t be far beyond your reach.
B．You needn’t attend college if you are really not interested in it.
C．You should work harder to win praise from others.
D．Honesty is the best policy to solve problems in your life.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The exact number of English words is not known. The large dictionaries have over half a million entries, but many of these are compound words (schoolroom, sugar bowl) or different derivatives of the same word (rare—rarely, rarefy), and a good many are obsolete words to help us read older literature. Dictionaries do not attempt to cover completely words that we can draw on: the informal vocabulary, especially slang, localism, the terms of various occupations and professions; words use only occasionally by scientists and specialists in many fields; foreign words borrowed for use in English; or many new words or new senses of words that come into use every year and that may or may not be used long enough to warrant being included. It would be conservative to say that there are over a million English words that any of us might meet in our listening and reading and that we may draw on in our speaking and writing.
Professor Seashore concluded that first?graders enter school with at least 2,000 words and add 5,000 each year so that they leave high school with at least 80,000. These figures are for recognition vocabulary, the words we understand when we read or hear them. Our active vocabulary, the words we use in speaking and writing, is considerably smaller.
You cannot always produce a word exactly when you want it. But consciously using the words you recognize in reading will help get them into your active vocabulary. Occasionally in your reading pay particular attention to these words, especially when the subject is one that you might well write or talk about. Underline or make a list of words that you feel a need for and look up the less familiar ones in a dictionary. And then before very long find a way to use some of them.
Once you know how they are pronounced and what they stand for, you can safely use them.
46. In the author´s estimation, there are ____ words in English.
A. more than half a million                B. at least 24,000
C. at least 80,000                       D. more than a million
47. The word “obsolete” most probably means ____.
A. no longer in use  B. profound   C. colorful or amusing   D. common
48. One´s recognition vocabulary is ____.
A. less often used than his active vocabulary
B. smaller than his active vocabulary
C. as large as his active vocabulary
D. much larger than his active vocabulary
49. The author does not suggest getting recognition vocabulary into active vocabulary by ____.
A. making a list of words you need and looking up the new ones in a dictionary
B. everyday spending half an hour study the dictionary
C. consciously using the words you recognize in reading
D. trying to use the words you recognize
50. From this passage we learn that ____.
A. dictionaries completely cover the words we can make use of
B. “schoolroom” is used in the passage as an example of a specialized term
C. once you know how a word is pronounced and what it represents, you have turned it into your active word
D. active vocabulary refers to words we understand when we read and hear them

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning， they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on do them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed。
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索) for knowledge？Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.                                
小題1:The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ______.
A．it is one of the most difficult school courses
B．students spend endless hours in reading
C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
D．too much time is spent in teaching about reading
小題2:The teaching of reading will be successful if ______.
A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
B．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
C．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable
小題3:The underlined word “scrutiny” most probably means “______”.
A．inquiryB．observationC．control D．suspicion
小題4:According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______.
A．children become highly motivated
B．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D．reading enriches children’s experience

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago; but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. To pollute mean to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in a place, men moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad to all living things in the world, but it is not only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop the people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from blowing dirty smoke into the air.
The pollution of SO2 is now the most dangerous problem of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. It is sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must keep careful of the rise in pollution at the same time.
小題1:Our world is becoming much smaller ___________.
A．because the earth is being polluted day and night.
B．thanks to science developing.
C．because of the rise in pollution
D．because the earth is blown away by the wind every year.
小題2:Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. Here “it” means ___________.
A．water pollutionB．a(chǎn)ir pollutionC．noise pollutionD．rubbish
小題3: Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because __________.
A．it’s bad to all living things in the world.
B．it makes us become angry more easily.
C．it has made our rivers and lakes dirty.
D．it makes much noise.
小題4:Which of the following is not true?
A．The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people.
B．From now on, maybe people try to go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike. It is helpful to fight against the pollution of SO2.
C．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world’s pollution does.
D．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Special Bridges Help Animals Cross the Road
— Reported by Sheila Carrick
Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side.
Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more worried about how the grizzly bear(灰熊)and mountain lion can cross the road.
"Millions of animals die each year on US roads," the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact，only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the US today. The main reason? Road kill.
"Ecopassages (生態(tài)通道 ) " may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over and under roads. "These ecopassages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid road accidents," said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Protection Society.
But do animals actually use the ecopassages? The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an ecopassage that went under a highway. This showed that the lions used the passage.
Builders of ecopassages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders(火蜥蜴) and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses.
The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around. You might see an animal overpass!
小題1:The writer uses the example of "ocelots " to show that ________.
A．wild animals have become more dangerous
B．the driving conditions have improved greatly
C．the measure for projecting wildlife fails to work
D．a(chǎn)n increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents
小題2: From the news story, we know an ecopassage is ________.
A．a(chǎn)n underground path for carsB．a(chǎn) fence built for the safety of the area
C．a(chǎn) bridge for animals to get over a riverD．a(chǎn) path for animals to cross the road
小題3: When the writer says that animals seem" to be catching on", he means ________.
A．a(chǎn)nimals begin to realize the dangers on the road
B．a(chǎn)nimals begin to learn to use ecopassages
C．a(chǎn)nimals are crossing the road in groups
D．a(chǎn)nimals are increasing in number
小題4: The writer asks visitors and drivers to look around when traveling because________
A．wild animals may attack carsB．wild animals may jam the road
C．they may see wild animals in the parkD．they may see wild animals on ecopassages

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


二：完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意。然后從21－35各題所給的四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. Waste must be treated   21  it does not become a danger to life.   22  , in some countries, waste from factories is still poured straight into rivers. People who use the water from one of these rivers often get   23 . The water  may become so polluted that it   24  all the fish in the river. When these rivers finally reaches the   25  , it pollutes the ocean.
In many countries with   26 , human waste is piped directly into the sea without being dealt with. This is not   27  . Although the sea itself can break up the waste, beaches   28  become polluted.   29  scientists suggest people take the waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down.
In 1989 an international law was passed to   30  people putting waste into the sea. It is now against the   31   to put anything into the sea nearby. Such rubbish as plastics may not be thrown   32  the sea anywhere. Other waste may be put into the sea, either 19 or more than 40 kilometers from land,   33  the nature of the materials.
The   34  of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been   35   to protect the world and control pollution.
21. A. as if                   B. so that             C. ever since               D. now that
22. A. Luckily               B. Happily           C. Unfortunately         D. Hopefully
23 A. sick                        B. hope               C. rich                        D. fun
24. A. raises                  B. feeds               C. kills                       D. breaks
25. A. pool                   B. lake                C. spring                    D. sea
26. A. grassland         B. plains                 C. sea coasts          D. deserts
27. A. safe                    B. useful                     C. dirty                 D. wrong
28. A. need                   B. may                   C. can’t             D. needn’t
29. A. So                      B. Because              C. Since                D. But
30. A. stop                    B. suggest               C. keep                 D. find
31. A. school                B. organization        C. factory                     D. law
32. A. out of                 B. away from                 C. into                  D. above
33. A. depending on    B. feeding on                 C. leading to       D. connecting to
34. A. news                  B. method               C. problem            D. disadvantage
35. A. punished             B. set up                     C. refused              D. called at

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


High-tech machines have made life easier for millions around the world. However, some people still prefer low-tech ways of doing things. Here’s an example of why this is happening. You can microwave a frozen hamburger in 60 seconds. However, it won’t taste as good as one you cook on the stove. And if you’re in that much of a hurry, you probably won’t take time to toast the bun. High-tech cooking saves time, but it doesn’t make for better tasting meals.
Most people get their news from high-tech sources like television or the Internet. This has many advantages. For example, electronic news is more up to date than newspapers or magazines. It’s also more exciting to see live and videotaped news events than photographs. However, newspapers and magazines have some important advantages. They give more background and details. They also let you read the parts that are important to you and skip the rest.
Other high-tech timesavers have similar disadvantages. For example, most people use the phone or email to stay in touch with friends and family members who live in other places. But when you use the Internet or the phone, you don’t always think carefully about what you are saying, and sometimes you forget the important things you want to communicate. Similarly, when you word process a home work assignment instead of handwriting it, you can check your spelling electronically and put in fancy headings. However, some students are so busy with the computer that they don’t pay enough attention to the actual words they are writing.
72. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The writer likes high-tech cooking.
B. Low-tech cooking produces better-tasting meals.
C. High—tech news programs always keep you reading what is important to you.
D. Handwritten homework is better than word-processed homework. 
73. How does the writer feel about high—tech tools?
A. Better late than never.                        B. Easy come, easy go.
C. Every coin has two sides.                     D. Learn to walk before you run.
74. What is the main subject discussed in the text?
A. High—tech vs. low—tech.
B. Advantages vs. disadvantages.
C. Newspapers and magazines vs. television and the Internet.
D. Word—processing vs. handwriting.
75. How is the text organized?
A. Main idea — Argument — Explanation.
B. Opinion — Discussion — Description.
C. Topic — Comparison — Supporting examples.
D. Introduction — Supporting examples — Discussion.

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