Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older．But this is not true，according to Dr．Lissy F．Jarvik，professor of psychiatry(精神病學(xué))at the University of California，Los Angeles，and a board member of the New Center for Aging at the Veterans Hospital．She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years.For example，one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old．As Dr．Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s，their minds did not generally decline(下降)as was expected．
However，there was some decline in their psycho-motor(精神運(yùn)動的)speed． This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to．But when speed was not a factor，they lost very little intellectual (智力的) ability over the years.In general，Dr．Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability．This is true not only into the 30s and 40s，but into the 60s and 70s as well．
As for learning new things，and ability to remember，studies by Dr．Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young．It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was．However，much of  what we call“l(fā)oss of memory”is not that at a11．
In the cases where the older person’s mind really seems to decline，it is not necessarilv a sign of a decay due to becoming old or“senility”．Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state．This depression usually can be got rid of by counseling(咨詢)with a psychologist，or medicine which fights depression.
In American society，when an older person loses something，we tend to call him or her“senile”．But notice that when a younger person loses something，he does not blame it on senility or loss of memory．He finds some other excuse!
小題1:A long-term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that the only factor that declined over the years was  .
A．mental healthB．intellectual ability
C．the amount of knowledgeD．psycho-motor speed
小題2:According to Dr．Jarvik’s studies，middle-aged and older persons should expect to     .
A．reason betterB．learn fewer new things
C．remember lessD．1ose little ability to remember
小題3:The word“senility”most likely means       .
A．excellent healthB．weakness in body and mind because of old age
C．occasional forgetfulnessD．giving up one’s life
小題4:Both younger and older persons should realize that          .
A．a(chǎn) sign of a decay due to old age or“senility’’is a common thing
B．older persons are wiser than younger ones because of different knowledge amount
C．senility or mental decay due to aging is much less common than most of us believe
D．a(chǎn) sign of a depressed emotional state is not a reason of decay

小題1:D
小題1:D
小題1:B
小題1:C

小題1:由第二段第一句可知，被跟蹤調(diào)查的136對雙胞胎只是精神運(yùn)動速度有所減慢。
小題1:從文章第二、三段可知，中老年的記憶、推理能力不會有多少衰退。
小題1:文中“senility”前的“a sign of decay due to old”即是其解釋。
小題1:通讀全文可知，老年智力衰退并沒有我們想的那么普遍和嚴(yán)重。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If your recurring(經(jīng)常性的)dreams are worrying you，you can rest assured and needn’t worry．Psychologists say in the vast majority of these cases，this is just the mind’s way of dealing with stress and conflicts，problems and concerns．It’s a good thing．
They call be surprisingly vivid and real，or fragmented and weird．They can be comforting or frightening．Our dreams can tell us a lot about what we are really thinking．Dreams give us an x-ray of our unconsciousness(潛意識)．They tell us，particularly when we are at life’s passages or turning points．
Lisa Oppenheim had the same dream whenever she was about to move to a new home or a new city．It’s always just a feeling of needing to stay safe．Experts say disturbing dreams often occur around major life events．For Lisa，it was moving．For others，it can be marriage or divorce，the death of a loved one or pressure at work．
Doctor Siegel has studied the meaning of dream for nearly 30 years．He believes stressful or upsetting dreams can be a sign of what’s buried deep inside our minds．
He said．“Dreams are important to survival．They are crucial to the balance of our psyche(心靈)．They help us work out problems that we’re having every single day．They go to the cutting edge of what’s stressful，what’s bothering us and what we’re working out in our lives．Dreams can guide us and in order to find that guidance，to find that deep source of wisdom that’s in our dreams every night，we need to pay attention to our dreams．”
But many dreams are scary and horrible．How can we understand these nightmares? Doctor Siegel says they are reflecting especially intense emotion or unresolved conflict．The stronger the emotion in the dream，whether it’s pleasure or fear，the likelier the dream is to be important．
Knowing what your recurring dreams or nightmares mean can be liberating．Some nightmares can be a sign of serious psychological problems，such as post-dramatic stress disorder．If they are extremely disturbing or violent or the cause of severe anxiety，you should see a professional therapist(治療專家)．
小題1:By saying “Dreams give US an x-ray of our unconsciousness,”  the author means that dreams
A．do harm to our mindB．show us our real mind
C．solve our stress in mindD．give us a turning point in mind
小題2:People will have recurring dreams when they_______________．
A．1ive with great pressure or have great events
B．do the same things all their lives
C．move to a new home or a new city
D．a(chǎn)re comforted or frightened
小題3:Which of the following is true according to Doctor Siegel?
A．Dreams play a very important role in the world’s balance．
B．Dreams help us find out the problems we need to solve．
C．We should pay attention to every dream we have．
D．Only the dreams with pleasure are important to us．
小題4:How should we deal with the recurring nightmares?
A．We should remember them because they are important to us．
B．We can ignore them since they are just reflecting our emotions．
C．We need to take some sleeping pills to stop this serious problem．
D．We should see a psychological doctor if they are seriously disturbing
小題5:The purpose of the passage is_________________．
A．to introduce a variety of dreams
B．to offer some advice on avoiding nightmares
C．to compare recurring dreams with nightmares
D．to ease our anxiety on recurring dreams

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The research carried out by the University of Bad in Italy could help prove hospitals who are accused of wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients ease discomfort and pain.
A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology
Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered
most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as
Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to look at either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly painting, or a blank panel while the team zapped(照射) a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been stuck by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were
viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when looking at the ugly paintings
or the blank panel. Electrodes measuring the brain's electrical activity also confirmed a reduced resoonse to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings.
While distractions, such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital patients,Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part.
The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that
beaufiful surroundings could aid the healing process.
"Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their artistic aspects should be taken into account too," said the neurologist."Beauty boyiously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse. I think these results show that more research is needed into the field how a beautiful environment can alleviate suffering."
Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonio Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero." These people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world," said Prof de Tommaso.
小題1:The underlined word "alleviate" in the fifth paragraph probably means"______".
A．cureB．easeC．improveD．kill
小題2:How many artists have been mentioned in the passage?                    
A．4.B．5.C．6.D．7.
小題3: Which of the following is TURE about the view of Prof de Tommaso's?
A．Beautiful surroundings could help to heal sufferings completely.
B．Hospitals must take their artistic aspects into consideration first.
C．Ugly surroundings will surely make the pain worse.
D．Both music and beauty can reduce pain in hospital patients.
小題4:From the last paragraph, we know that_______.
A．some artists' paintings were beautiful, so they were masterpieces
B．only art experts could judge they were masterpieces or not, though ugly
C．the artists mentioned above were not really art masters.
D．some of them were art masters, while others were not.
小題5:Which of the following is the suitable title for the passage?
A．Beautiful surroundings can ease pain.
B．Ugly paintings could be masterpieces.
C．More research should be done in he field.
D．Latest environmental research.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I’m glad to find this comment which has some sort of support in this quest（尋求）I have to eat raw（未煮熟的）foods. I’m an unhealthy 49 years old and have come to the conclusion that it’s now or never, so I am taking a dive into the raw eating lifestyle.
I have to cook for my family and prepare what they want to eat. I’m trying to plan out this better so I have some of these unusual foods ready for myself.
I’ve read several books written by Ann Wigmore and like her approach to the living foods.
Last week I attempted fasting（禁食）and failed. I lasted five days by having carrots, spinach, apples and other vegetarian diets I could get my hands on. I was doing fine until I drank some coffee. I kind of proved it in my mind to have the coffee but it only made me excited and then I couldn’t sleep well and felt hungry and weak. So I stopped and went back to the old way of eating with the family.
This week I started to make a drink called rejuvelac made of sprouted wheat（芽麥）. This is fairly new to do for me and the drink smelled sort of musty（發(fā)霉的）and tasted kind of like a musty lemon. The kids tasted it and almost threw up but surprisingly it tasted good to me. It is supposed to help in digestion（消化）.
I’ve made some attempts to grow wheat grass. I think I have figured that out as long as I keep it away from birds and our horses. I have two habits to get rid of, drinking coffee and smoking. I quit smoking last month but something happened, so I started up again. I’m very frustrated(受挫的) with the smoking and really have a desire to quit for good. Anyhow I will keep this updated on my progress.
小題1:The author must have ________ before she wrote this article.
A．hesitated at whether she should eat raw foods
B．never eaten raw foods
C．made up her mind to eat raw foods instead of cooked ones
D．been discouraged by her family from fasting
小題2:The books written by Ann Wigmore which the author has read are probably about ________.
A．fasting
B．losing weight
C．how to be on a diet
D．a(chǎn)pproaches to eating raw foods
小題3:To the author, the drink made of sprouted wheat ________.
A．might help in digestion
B．might make people who drank it throw up
C．tasted good to anybody
D．was welcomed by the whole family
小題4: We can learn from the passage that ________ smoking.
A．the author has given up
B．the author will never give up
C．it’s hard for the author to quit
D．it’s easy for the author to quit
小題5:The author’s biggest worry at present is most probably ________.
A．that she can’t eat with her family
B．that she can’t get rid of drinking coffee and smoking
C．how to get used to raw foods
D．that she doesn’t know whether she should eat raw foods

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

 The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is a plague that man receives.
The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions, explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contract again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War, soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, seldom caught colds.
In the Second World War, prisoners at Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starved, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in a room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in winter? Despite the most hard research, no one has yet found out the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and that makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killers such as aspirin, but all that they do is to relieve the symptoms.
小題1:The writer offered ___ examples to support his argument.
A．4B．5C．6D．3
小題2:Arctic explorers may catch colds when___.
A．they are working in the isolated Arctic regions
B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C．they are free from work in the isolated Arctic regions
D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world
小題3:Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit___.
A．suffered a lotB．never caught colds
C．often caught coldsD．became very strong
小題4:The passage mainly discusses___.
A．the experiments on the common cold
B．the fallacy about the common cold
C．the reason and the way people catch colds
D．the continued spread of common colds

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A new study has been carried to test the role of story telling in lowering blood pressure．Dr．Thomas Houston, a professor of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, led a group of scientists that investigated how pre-recorded videos of hypertension （高血壓） patients' talking about their medical histories helped another group of patients with high blood pressure to control their condition over several months．
Houston was surprised by their studies that suggested that communication can be a powerful tool in medicine．They showed that those who had had similar experiences, when talking to someone with a similar background, could help change their behavior to become healthier．Hypertension is difficult to control, since it is dependent on diet, exercise and mental state．Medical treatments with drugs, and lifestyle therapies（療法） have been relatively ineffective because people find it hard to follow those medical requirements．
In the test, his team carefully chose their story-tellers from 230 members of a patients' community with whom they could most easily relate．Next, they divided their study population into two groups．One received three interactive （互動） DVDs containing the tellers' stories of their experiences in living with and treating their hypertension．The other were given educational discs on an unrelated health topic．The study volunteers reported that they had listened to the DVDs, and after three months, those who heard the stories of the hypertensive patients lowered their blood pressure．
While the study did not address how the story-telling influenced the patients' behavior, Houston suspects that watching patients of similar backgrounds who had a similar medical experience helped to motivate them to seek medical help to their hypertension．They found that after six months the difference in blood pressure between those who watched the story-tellers and those who observed the unrelated videos remained, suggesting that the story-telling continued to have an effect．
小題1:We can learn from the text that the pre-recorded videos _________．
A．tell medical histories of hypertension patients
B．introduce some medical treatments of hypertension
C．introduce a good lifestyle for hypertensive patients
D．tell scientific discoveries of the scientist group
小題2:Houston was surprised to find that _______．
A．hypertension is really difficult to control
B．communication has some medical effects
C．medical treatments have no effect at all
D．people don't follow the medical requirements
小題3:Which of the following is true about the study?
A．The scientists chose 230 patients from a hospital．
B．Both the groups used the same videos about health topic．
C．The two groups lowered blood pressure in different degrees．
D．The story-tellers were hypertension patients as well．
小題4:Which of the following could be the best title of the text?
A．The stories of some hypertension patients．
B．Medical treatments of blood pressure．
C．Storytelling may help lower blood pressure．
D．Suggestions about how to lower blood pressure．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In the United States, 30 percent of the adult (成年人) population has a “weight problem”. To many people, the case is clear: we eat too much. But scientific evidence（證據(jù)）does little to support the idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today. Yet they ate more food. In those days, people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didn’t watch TV.
Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fat people do not eat more on average (平均) than thinner people. In fact, some investigations (調(diào)查), such as a 1990 study of 3,545 London office workers, show that fatter people eat less than slimmer people.
Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group of Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting facts:
The more the men ran, the more fat they lost.
The more they ran, the more they ate.
Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat.
小題1:What kind of physical problem do many adult Americans have?
A．They are too thin.B．They work too hard.
C．They are too fat.D．They lose too much fat.
小題2:Which of the following words can take the place of the word “slim” in this passage?
A．poorB．thinC．healthyD．rich
小題3:Compared with the adult American population today, the Americans of 1910 ______.
A．a(chǎn)te more food and had more activitiesB．a(chǎn)te less food but had more activities
C．a(chǎn)te less food and had less physical activitiesD．had more weight problems
小題4:What have modern medical and scientific researches reported to us?
A．Fat people eat less food and are less active.
B．Fat people eat more food than slim people but are less active.
C．Fat people eat more food than slim people but are more active.
D．Thin people run less, but have greater increase in food intake.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Britain is set to face an increase in cold winters, with up to one-in-seven hitting the UK with longer periods of time when temperatures are below freezing, a study has suggested．The prediction was based on research that found out how low solar activity affected winter weather patterns．
However, the researchers were eager to stress that their findings did not suggest that the region was about to fall suddenly into a "little ice age"．The findings appear in the journal Environmental Research Letters．"We could get to the point where one-in-seven winters are very cold, as we had at the start of last winter and all through the winter before last," said co-author Mike Lockwood, professor of space environment physics at the University of Reading．
Using the Central England Temperature （CET） record, the world's longest instrumental data series that dates back to 1659, the team said that in general temperatures during recent winters had been obviously lower than the longer-term temperatures．"The mean CET for December, January and February for the recent relatively cold winters of 2008 ~ 2009 and 2009~2010 were 3．50℃ and 2．53℃ respectively," they wrote．"However, the mean value for the previous 20 winters had been 5．04℃．The series of lower winter temperatures in the UK during the last three years had raised questions about the probability of more similar, or even colder, winters occurring in the future．"
Last year．Professor Lockwood and colleagues published a paper that found a link between fewer sunspots and atmospheric conditions that "blocked" warm westerly winds reaching Europe during winter months, opening the way for cold easterly winds from the Arctic and Russia to sweep across the region．Professor Lockwood, while acknowledging that there were a range of possible meteorological factors （氣象因素） that could influence blocking events, said the latest study moved things forward by showing that there was "improvement in the predictive skill" when solar activity was taken into consideration．
小題1:We can know from the second paragraph that _____．
A．research shows that Britain will soon fall into an ice age
B．Mike Lockwood's research focuses on space environment physics
C．it was quite cold in Britain over the entire winter last year
D．so far one-in-seven winters have been very cold in Britain
小題2:The．underlined word "mean" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to "_____"．
A．a(chǎn)verageB．stableC．ungenerousD．changeable
小題3:What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．It was sunspots that blocked warm westerly winds reaching Europe．
B．Meteorological factors hardly have any influence on blocking events．
C．The latest study done by Professor Lockwood was of little practical value．
D．Considering solar activity or not affects the accuracy of weather forecasting．
小題4:What's the best title of the passage?
A．Another big danger approaching the UK
B．Research finds out solar activity is to blame for the cold
C．UK faces more cold winters due to weaker solar activity
D．Changes in weather patterns should be responsible for low solar activity

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Depression(抑郁癥)is a serious problem today．Depression causes workers to be unproductive，causing companies and countries to lose billion of dollars．One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is “widespread, costly and deadly”．Depression hits one person in five around the world．
Although people have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated，studies show that depression is a problem among everyone．Over any six-month period, between five to seven percent of the world’s population will be suffering from a serious depression．
Suicide(自殺)rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme, or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large, and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks．People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.
Depression, which researchers agree has its origin in the genes(基因)，brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate, making it possible for employees and managers to work efficiently．
Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it．Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy．Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available．
“Most patients in China just don’t get help,” a Chinese doctor says．“In my hospital，I have
to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning，and just have time to say ‘Hello，how do you feel ?…’”
In Western countries，people are not afraid to admit that they have depression，but most do not tell it to their boss，because they fear that their boss would fire them．
“In my experience，aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it, because they feel
the most secure about themselves, ” an American doctor says．
Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression．
B．Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work．
C．Depression is a commonly-existing problem only in rich countries．
D．The poorer and the less educated a person is，the less he will suffer from depression．
小題2:Compared to normal people，depressed people are likely to be________．   
A．very unconfident and often absent-mindedB．easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks
C．working efficiently and productivelyD．either weak or lazy
小題3:Depression becomes more serious in China because of_________．
A．the understanding of the problemB．the lack of treatment and doctors
C．their unwillingness to tell it to their bossD．the doctors’ careless work
小題4:What can we infer from the passage?
A．People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists．
B．The aging bosses around the world dare to say they are depressed．
C．More and mote patients will turn to specialists for help
D．Western people are braver than Chinese people

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