Methods of training animals have changed greatly in recent years. Zoo keepers have always had problems getting the animals to leave their cages in order for the cages to be cleaned, and also training them to move indoors when appropriate. Another problem was that many of the large animals became listless and bored. In the last twenty years, scientists have done research on dolphins and whales, training them to obey commands. The scientists found they could get animals to obey by rewarding them with food and affection when they responded correctly.?
Proper training allows the animals to receive the care they need. It was very difficult to get untrained animals, especially the larger ones, to stay still when they needed medical attention. Now they can be trained, on command, to remain still and even to allow blood samples to be taken and shots administered. All this is accomplished through positive reinforcement, without the use of any force. Affection training, as this process is called, has been used with great success on a wide variety of zoo animals. Animal behavior experts have taught zoo keepers to train bears, tigers, monkeys, and many other species to behave in a way that provides for better animal-keeper interaction. This training also keeps the animals from becoming bored and inactive.?
Although some people proclaim(譴責) that this training is inhumance and cruel to animals, results have shown that captive(獵獲的)animals who previously were not doing well flourish under the new training procedures.?
小題1:The word “l(fā)istless” means _______.
A．countlessB．obedient
C．inactiveD．mysterious?
小題2: Which of the following is valid conclusion based on this passage?
A．It is safe to pet any animal.　?
B．Many animals respond favorably to rewards and affection.?
C．Animals in the wild can be trained.?
D．Animals should not be kept in zoos.?
小題3:The writer's purpose is to _______.
A．persuade people not to feed animals in the zoo?
B．show how easy it is to train animals?
C．explain method of training animals through rewards?
D．criticize zoo keepers?
小題4:Which of the following is an opinion??
A．Zoo keepers had problems in getting animals to leave their cages.?
B．Training is cruel to animals.?
C．Animals obey commands if they are trained to do so.?
D．Many animals can be trained, on commands, to remain still.

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:B

小題1:根據(jù)第一段listless后面的bored用近義詞法可推斷出它的意思,另外根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“This training also keeps the animals from becoming bored and inactive.”也可以推斷出。?
小題2:題干中的valid的意思是“有充分依據(jù)的”。根據(jù)第一段中的“The scientists found they could get animals to obey by rewarding them with food and affection when they responded correctly.”和第二段中的“Proper training allows the animals to receive the care they need.”可推知答案。?
小題3:通讀短文可知文章的主旨為介紹通過獎勵和關愛訓練動物的方法,由此可推知作者的寫作意圖。?
小題4:opinion必須是概括性或總結性的闡述,所以只有B項是,而其他幾項都是細節(jié)和事實。
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Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛蟲) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
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B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.
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