Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century.
But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes – for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.
Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove the donor’s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold(組織支架). This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo’s windpipe, and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be transplanted into Ms Castillo.
Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.
This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and so on.
However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.
小題1:This transplant is considered the greatest medical breakthrough because _________.
A．this is the first organ transplant in the whole world
B．the patient is in perfect health after the operation
C．it is the first success with new stem cell technology
D．the stem cells are from an embryo developed in a lab
小題2:Stem cells are different from the other ceils in the way that __________.
A．they are grown in the lab only
B．they can grow into different types of cell
C．they are designed for a specific purpose
D．they can work in the liver not in the heart
小題3:What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A．How Claudia survived in the operation
B．How to remove the cells from the donor’s organ
C．Why stem cells are needed in the transplant
D．How the windpipe is transplanted
小題4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Human bodies always reject transplanted organs even with their own cells
B．The donor’s cells had to be removed because they were unhealthy
C．The transplanted organ was refilled with the stem cells only
D．Claudia will not have to take drugs to prevent rejection.
小題5:Which word can best describe the scientists’ attitude towards the stem cell technology?
A．controversialB．confident
C．conservative (保守的)D．critical

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:D
小題5:B

試題分析：本文敘述的是干細胞移植的問題，在文章中作者舉例說明干細胞移植的好處，在最后也提出了干細胞移植會遇見的困難。
小題1:C 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段1,2行Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology.說明這是第一次成功的使用干細胞技術(shù)的移植。故C項正確。
小題1:B 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后2行But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.說明這種細胞和別的細胞不一樣，是因為它能長成不同種類的細胞，故B正確。
小題1:D 段落大意題。本段是舉例說明干細胞移植的一次成功的經(jīng)歷，通過這次經(jīng)歷的描述告訴我們the windpipe是怎么樣被移植的。故D項正確。
小題1:D 推理題。根據(jù)文章第4段前4行Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ.說明Ms Castillo不需要再服用藥物，故D正確。
小題1:B 態(tài)度意圖題。從作者對干細胞移植的好處的描述可以看出他還是比較樂觀的，雖然干細胞移植有點困難，但是不會阻止它的進一步發(fā)展。故B項正確。
點評：科普類短文最大的障礙是詞匯以及考生對閱讀內(nèi)容的不熟悉，需要考生在閱讀的時候有足夠的耐心。要養(yǎng)成在上下文串聯(lián)中猜測詞義的能力，根據(jù)上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞，以及詞義的解釋來理解生詞。同時要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影響。要根據(jù)題目及選項以及文章的上下文串聯(lián)合理的判斷推理
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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7. Never be the first one to leave. Observe how your co-workers behave around quitting (離開) time. It does no good for you to be eager to leave.
小題1:Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Tips On First Days At a New JobB．How to Do a Job Well
C．Be the Last to LeaveD．Ways to Find a New Job
小題2:From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that the most important rule we should follow is ______.
A．to have lunch outside the workplaceB．to do as other people do
C．not to be the first to leave after workD．to pay attention to introductions
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A．You should not make personal calls unless very necessary.
B．Co-workers will be important to you when the boss is out.
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B．can all be turned into good land before long
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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A．studentsB．teachersC．parentsD．managers
小題2:Which film tells us that students not only need to learn knowledge in the books but also knowledge in life?
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A．The actress who plays won a prize.
B．Richard Dreyfuss finally became a composer that he dreamt to be.
C．Helen Keller is the teacher of Annie Sullivan.
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When Travis looked down at his feet, he saw the shoes   34   . His dad had used his mind and heart to give the son a thoughtful   35   .
小題1:
A．surprisedB．a(chǎn)shamedC．excitedD．worried
小題2:
A．teamB．playerC．coachD．game
小題3:
A．UnlessB．IfC．BecauseD．Although
小題4:
A．skillB．performance C．behaviorD．a(chǎn)ction
小題5:
A．nameB．photoC．signD．model
小題6:
A．strangeB．wrongC．trueD．funny
小題7:
A．knownB．encouragedC．a(chǎn)doptedD．influenced
小題8:
A．fellB．frozeC．shookD．folded
小題9:
A．questionedB．noticedC．teasedD．a(chǎn)ttacked
小題10:
A．mustn'tB．needn'tC．wouldn'tD．couldn't
小題11:
A．pulled upB．put upC．took upD．turned up
小題12:
A．peacefullyB．hesitantlyC．delightedlyD．naturally
小題13:
A．choiceB．effortC．commentD．mistake
小題14:
A．believeB．missC．a(chǎn)dmireD．remember
小題15:
A．dangerB．a(chǎn)ngerC．sorrowD．trouble
小題16:
A．teammateB．a(chǎn)dultC．kidD．student
小題17:
A．soB．a(chǎn)ndC．butD．or
小題18:
A．honorB．courageC．dreamD．belief
小題19:
A．clearlyB．carefullyC．patientlyD．differently
小題20:
A．giftB．lookC．hopeD．lesson

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It's not just adults who have a thing or two to discuss with other people, babies too have their own social lives and enjoy group interaction, according to a world-first study.
The breakthrough study conducted by psychologist Professor Ben Bradley, at Charles Sturt University, could completely transform the way child-care centers are set up. In their study, the researchers examined groups of nine-month-old babies in new South Wales and Britain.
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“They communicate with more than one baby at once，and show jealousy and generousness，”said Professor Bradley．
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“A baby who has a depressed mother tends to be withdrawn(內(nèi)向的)，but put that same baby in a group of its peers(同齡人)and they behave and interact like any other baby．”
It was the first all-baby group study ever to be conducted．“Most studies of babies concentrate on the infant-mother relationship，assuming that is the single foundation for mental health．but babies are constantly involved with groups of people other than their mothers：fathers，siblings，grandparents and those taking care．Therefore。the ‘mother-baby approach’ needs to be combined with a‘ group approach’．”said Bradley．
Phoebe Christison ，a child-care worker at Camperdown Sunshine Bubs in Sydney’s inner west．said she often noticed what appeared．to be emotional attachments developed between toddlers．
She said，“Joel(10 months)and Isabella (11months)always like to hold hands when they sit in their high chairs and eat．And babies definitely show jealousy．They push and touch each other，and copy what the other is doing．”
小題1:A baby who has a depressed mother ____  ．
A．tends to be a follower
B．a(chǎn)lso enjoys group interaction
C．has poor social ability
D．pays more attention to its mother
小題2:What can be inferred from the result of this study?
A．Babies are affected by groups more than by their mothers．
B．There’s no need of child-care centers at a11．
C． Adults should include babies when having social activities．
D．The normal infant-mother bond alone isn’t enough for the good mental health for babies．
小題3:The underlined word “toddlers” in Para．8 can be replaced by_________
A．a(chǎn)dultsB．infantsC．peersD．groups
小題4:The example given in the last paragraph proves that a baby________ .
A．is born to be friendly to other babies
B．has interest in peers as well as in its mother
C．may have emotional attachments to another baby
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Christmas Eve means a warm get-together with friends, a candlelight dinner, or perhaps a celebration at a pub for students. But, for Cai Yingjie, the night has a different meaning: helping beggars（乞丐）and the homeless(people without homes).
Cai, who is a student in journalism at Tsinghua, could be found at Beijing’s Wudaokou Light Railway Station that special evening. When she saw an old beggar, she took the cold, rough hands of the woman with her warm, clean hands, and gave the woman some warm bread and helped her put on a pair of new gloves.
The woman was surprised for a few seconds, then burst into tears, saying “for the first time I feel respected”.
Cai said, “A beggar’s life is very hard. That’s why I want to help them.”
Cai was one of 14 Tsinghua students spending Christmas Eve among the poor. They walked in the cold wind along the streets from 4 to 7 pm on Friday, visiting 15 beggars in Beijing’s Haidian District.
They brought bread and gloves with them, and stopped to greet beggars and offer them some of the warm food. Each beggar greeted them with a look of surprise.
“I know the activity can’t help much, but it’s meant to show our respect and care for beggars and the homeless who have been neglected for so long,” said Sun, head of the group. “And Christmas is a good time for that.”
小題1:What does Christmas Eve mean to the 14 Tsinghua students?
A．Taking 15 beggars to Tsinghua.
B．Getting together with friends.
C．Showing care to the beggars and the homeless.
D．Selling bread and gloves to the beggars.
小題2:What does the beggar mean by saying “for the first time I feel respected”?
A．The beggar has been waiting for Cai for long.
B．The beggar hasn’t been shown care for so long.
C．The beggar has been respecting Cai for a long time.
D．This is the first time the beggar has seen Tsinghua students.
小題3:What did each beggar feel when they received greetings?
A．Sad.B．Amazed.
C．Frightened.D．Proud.
小題4:The word “neglected” in the last passage means _______.
A．protectedB．found
C．taken care ofD．given no enough care

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The evidence for harmony(和諧) may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly-held image （形象）of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it had ever been in the past.“We were surprised by just how positive(肯定的) today’s young people seem to be about their families,” said one number of the research team.“They’re expected to be rebellious(叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds：they want a car and material goods，and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s more negotiation(商議) and discussion between parents and children，and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat(搗亂).”
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,” says 17-year-old Daniel Lazall. “I always tell them when I‘m going out clubbing. As long as they know what I’m doing， they’re fine with me.” Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years， there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example, as long as I’d done all my homework, could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments(評論),“Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over. ”
小題1:What is the popular images of the teenager today？
A．They worry about school.
B．They dislike living with their parents.
C．They have to be locked in to avoid troubles.
D．They quarrel a lot with other family members.
小題2:The study shows that teenagers don’t want to __________.
A．share family responsibility
B．cause trouble in their families
C．go boating with their family
D．make family decisions
小題3:Compared with parents of 30 years ago, today’s parents ____________.
A．go to clubs more often with their children
B．a(chǎn)re much stricter with their children
C．care less about their children’s life
D．give their children more freedom
小題4:According to the writer, teenage rebellion __________.
A．may be a false belief
B．is common nowadays
C．existed only in the 1960s
D．resulted from changes in families
小題5:What is the passage mainly about？
A．Negotiation in family.
B．Education in family.
C．Harmony in family.
D．Teenage trouble in family.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For high school leavers starting out in the working world, it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(實習). In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the Unites States, however, such programs are still few and far between.
Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses, students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school, graduate and go on to higher education.
In Germany, students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.
But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable(易受影響的)kids with no jobs and no skills.
Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high school. James Madison High School in New York, for example, encourages students to choose classes on career-based courses. The school then helps them gain on-the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school.
However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work, the job market is daunting. In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row.
“The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience, they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job,”said Michael, a researcher in the US.
小題1:According to Robert Schwartz，_________.
A．there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US
B．students should get contact with the working world at high school
C．education reform should focus on students’performance in exams
D．teenagers in the US can’t miss out on the summer job experience
小題2:What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Arguments about recent US education reform.
B．Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.
C．The lack of career-based courses in US high schools.
D．Advice for American high school leavers.
小題3:The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 5 most probably means___________.
A．discouragingB．interestingC．creativeD．unbearable

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