.
Americans are thinking about national education standards recently developed by teachers and other education experts. The National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) led the effort.
The United States, unlike other nations, has never had the same school standards across the country. What is the reason? Education is not discussed in the Constitution. That document limits the responsibilities of the federal government. Other responsibilities, like education, fall to the individual states.
Local control of education probably was a good idea two hundred years ago. People stayed in the same place and schools knew what students needed to learn. But today, people move to different cities. And some people work at jobs that did not exist even twenty years ago.
Many American educators say that getting a good education should not depend on where you live. They say that some states have lowered their standards in order to increase student scores on tests required by the No Child Left Behind Act.
Kara Schlosser is communications director for the Council of Chief State School Officers. She says the new standards clearly state what a student should be able to do to be successful in college and work.
Forty-eight states have already shown approval for the standards. Two states reject the idea. Critics(批評(píng)家) say that working toward the same standards in every state will not guarantee(保證) excellence for all. Some educators in Massachusetts say adopting the proposal will hurt their students because the state standards are even higher. Others say the change will be too costly, requiring new textbooks and different kinds of training for teachers. Still others fear federal interference or control.
Supporters say the standards are goals and do not tell states or teachers how to teach. They also say the federal government is not forcing acceptance. However, approving the standards will help states qualify(合格) for some federal grant money.
60．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Local Control of Education Standards out of Date
B．American National Education Standards under Consideration
C．Education Standards in Each State – Good or Bad
D．Acceptance of the New Standards in the United States
61．Why is local control of education no longer a good idea today?
A．Because local standards are limited.
B．Because it is required by the federal government.
C．Because people today moves among states more often than before.
D．Because America has never has the same school standards thought the country.
62．Some people are against the national education standards because__________.
A．the standards are higher than those of each state
B．the are nor yet prepared for the new standards
C．the standards may prevent some students gaining excellence
D．they don’t want the federal government to train their teachers
63．If a state agrees to accept the motional standards, it will probably get__________.
A．more students             B．a(chǎn)dvice on how to improve teaching
C．better textbooks             D．money from the federal government
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


第二部分 閱讀理解  (滿分35分)
第一節(jié)　語(yǔ)篇閱讀 (每小題2分)
閱讀理解下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，指出能完成所給句子或回答所提問(wèn)題的最佳答案。
Astronomy (天文學(xué)) is the oldest science known to man. Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about heavens (天堂). But the six planets that he could see with his eyes alone limited man.
The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see the size, color, and brightness of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens.
Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space. Until there were telescopes (望遠(yuǎn)鏡), man did not know much about the moon. He did not know that the planet called Saturn (土星) had rings around it. His sight was so limited that he could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planets. Pluto (冥王星), the last of the nine planets to be discovered was seen until 1930.
Before the spectroscopes (分光鏡), man didn’t know what kind of gas was in the sun or other stars, without radio telescopes (射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡), we did not know that radio noise came from far in space.
Today, astronomy is a growing science. We have learned more in the past fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.
1Thousands of years ago, man watched ____ with his eyes.
A. the moon       B. the stars         C. the universe    D. all the planets
2 When the Greeks watched the stars, they could ____ .
A. know what the stars were made of     B. not see their places in the sky
C. help themselves study the heavens     D. watch the stars move as the seasons changed
3Until there were ____ , man knew very little about the moon.
A. telescopes      B. spectroscopes C. radio telescopes   D. spaceships
3People didn’t know about Pluto until ____ .
A. the 1700s      B. 2,000 years ago   C. 1930             D. thousands of years ago
5____ people began to do research on astronomy.
A. 50 years ago  B. 90 years ago  C. In the early 1700s      D. Over 2,000 years ago

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Schools across the country are turning green. So-called green schools are built from recycled and environmentally friendly materials. They are designed to use less energy than traditional school buildings. In the next few years, Southern California alone plans to open 150 green schools. Studies have shown that there are good reasons to go green, including good air quality that cuts down on asthma(哮喘)attacks and airborne germs that can cause illnesses. Students learn better in classrooms that have natural light and ideal temperatures. Green schools have lower energy bills. Go On, Get Green
     Here’s how to save energy and help the environment.
Light Savers
     Turn off the lights in a room when it is not in use. This bright idea can produce big savings on energy costs. Some schools use sensors that automatically shut off the lights when there is no motion in a room.
Heat Smart
     Your school’s thermostat(溫度調(diào)節(jié)器)should be set to 78℃in warm weather and 68℃in cooler weather. The temperature can be even farther from the comfort zone at night and on weekends, when no one is using the school building.
 Reuse, Recycle
     Reuse paper, cans, bottles and batteries. Use both sides of notebook paper. Carry a lunch box rather than a paper bag. Recycle whatever you can reuse.
Don’t Drip(滴水)
     Leaky taps can waste large amounts of water. A small, steady flow can add up to hundreds of gallons a year. Report drips if you see them.
小題1:What is the best title for the passage?
     
A．Green Schools.B．Reusing and Recycling.C．Light Savers.D．No Dripping.
小題2:Some schools are called green schools because ______.
    
A．they are built from new materialsB．they are painted green
C．there are more trees in these schoolsD．they are built from recycled materials
小題3:All of the following are advantages of a green school EXCEPT __________.
A．the air quality of the school is great
B．the temperature is comfortable
C．the school has lower energy bills than a traditional school
D．it is more beautiful than a traditional school
小題4:In a green school, students will ________.
    
A．use both sides of their notebook paperB．not use lights at all
C．use paper bags to carry food D．get sick more easily

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Most sharks are dangerous. The largest kind of sharks—the whale shark—has small teeth and is quite harmless to people. However, blue sharks, tiger sharks, white sharks and hammerheads are enemies of man.
Man-eaters are always a danger to swimmers in shark waters. Sometimes, though, men have used strange methods when they’re suddenly faced with a shark.
During world War Ⅱ, soldiers and sailors whose boats or planes were destroyed drifted(漂流) helplessly on the ocean in small rafts(筏子). While waiting to be saved, the men had to struggle to stay alive and were often attacked by sharks. In some cases, they had few weapons to protect themselves with. They found that just splashing(濺水) water seemed to help keep the sharks away.
One sailor was swimming for his life in the Atlantic Ocean after his boat had been blown up. He saw a shark swimming towards him. He hit the shark with his bare fist, and that drove it off.
Once, in Australia, a fisherman was fishing after sunset. He hooked a big fish and drew it towards the shore. His line broke when the fish was only a few yards from the shore. The fisherman waded(涉水) into the water to try to catch it with his hands. In the dim light, it looked like the kind of fish that could be dealt with without danger.
He put his arms around the fish and wrestled with it. Dragging it to the beach turned out to be harder than he had expected, but at last he pulled it in. When he turned a light on it, he was amazed. He had caught a shark. It was small for a shark, but it was the man-eating type and was about as long as a tall man.In a word, the best way to deal with sharks is to keep far away from them.
60. The shark that is least dangerous to man is the ________.
A. white shark      B. whale shark   C. tiger shark     D. hammerhead shark
61. This story tells you that sharks are usually ________.
A. friendly         B. small         C. afraid of people     D. dangerous
62. After the Australian fisherman found he had caught a shark, he was _________.
A. surprised      B. frightened      C. unhappy      D. angry
63. This story tells you that the best way to handle sharks is to ________.
A. hit them with your fist                 B. keep far away from them
C. splash water                         D. wrestle with them
64. The passage mainly tells us something  ________.
A. about fishing sharks                  B. about sharks
C. how to eat  sharks                   D. that sharks are man’s enemies

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

.
For generations of pupils, learning key historical dates, places, and names off by heart has been the base of academic success. But for today’s youngsters, dull rote learning(死記硬背) is meaningless because such basic facts are only a mouse click via Google, Wikipedia and online libraries, according to writer Don Tapscott.
Tapscott, author of the best-selling book Wikinomics and a supporter of the “net generation”, suggests a better approach would be to teach children to think creatively so they could learn to understand and use the knowledge available online.
He said, “Teachers are no longer the fountain(源泉) of knowledge ; the Internet is. Kids should learn about history to understand the world and why things are the way they are. But they don’t need to know all the dates.”
Tapscott dismissed(摒棄) the idea that his approach is anti-learning. Instead, he argued that the ability to learn new things is more important than ever in a world where you have to process new information at lighting speed. And he believes that the old-fashioned model of education still common in today’s schools, involving having facts off pat, was designed for the industrial age. He said, “This might have been good for the mass production economy, but it isn’t suitable for the digital economy, or for the ‘net generation’ mind. Children are going to have to reinvent their knowledge base many times. So for them memorizing facts and figures is a waste of time.”
Tapscott added the brains of today’s youngsters work differently to their parents’, and that multi tasking with digital equipment, such as using the Internet while listening to their MP3 players, can help them to develop critical thinking skills.
Schools are increasingly introducing more independent study and activities, with pupils learning at their own pace and focusing on what interests them most.
68. What is important for the “net generation” in Tapscott’s opinion?
A. Using online knowledge creatively.
B. Memorizing facts and figures.
C. Learning to respect teachers.
D. Teaching their parents to think creatively.
69. The underlined part “having facts off pat” in Para. 4 probably means _______.
A. understanding online information
B. remembering facts clearly
C. mastering digital equipment
D. keeping mistakes in mind
70. According to Tapscott, _______.
A. learning history is of no use to kids
B. Teachers should learn more things from online libraries
C. Kids should not listen to MP3 players while using the Internet
D. to obtain new information is important for kids

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There is no doubt that adults, and even highly educated adults, vary greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading. Some proceed very lowly throughout; others dash along too quickly and then have to regress. Poor readers in particular may lack the ability to vary their manner of reading according to the type of reading matter and to their intentions in reading it. A good reader can move at great speed through the text of a novel or similar light reading matter. He may be able to skim a page, picking up a word or two here and there, and gain a general idea of what the text is about without really reading it. In reading more difficult material, with the intention of taking in the whole of it, he will proceed more slowly, but even then he will vary his pace, concentrating on the key words and passages, perhaps re-reading them several times and pass more quickly over the remainder. A less efficient reader tends to maintain the same speed whatever the material he reads. Consequently, even light reading matter gives him little pleasure because he reads so slowly. But this pace may be too fast for really difficult material which requires special concentration at difficult points.
A type of reading which necessitates(需要) careful attention to detail is proofreading, in which the reader, in order to detect misprints in a sample print, has to notice not so much the meaning of what he reads as the exact shape and order of letters and words in the text. This is extremely difficult for most people, since they are accustomed to overlooking such details. In fact, considerable practice is required to practise this task efficiently and it can be done only by reading very slowly, and by paying comparatively little attention to the general meaning of the text.
68．This article is mainly concerned with ________.
A．the ability to read fast      
B．difference in the speed and efficiency of reading
C．different reading skills      
D．the reading speed of highly educated adults
69．According to the article, there is a difference in reading speed ________.
A．a(chǎn)mong adult readers
B．a(chǎn)mong young educated people
C．a(chǎn)mong readers who have different experiences
D．between the poorly educated and the highly educated
70．The underlined word "regress" can be best replaced by "________".
A．regret         B．stop   C．move slowly       D．go back
71．The author believes a good reader should ________.
A．a(chǎn)lways read at great speed      
B．read carefully and catch every detail
C．a(chǎn)lways review the text he has read 
D．change his speed according to the type of text

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The damming of river systems in the northwestern United States has had damaging effects on salmon(鮭魚(yú)). In the spring young salmon, called smolts, drift into rivers from smaller streams. They swim with the current downstream heading for the Pacific Ocean. Before the large-scale constructions of dams(水壩), the young salmon used the strong flow from melting snows to get to the sea in between six and twenty days. It is necessary to do this because during these days the smolts’ bodies undergo the physiological changes for adaptation to salt water.
Unfortunately, the current has become very slow due to the construction of numerous dams. Companies operating the dams also intentionally slow the current. They store the water from the melting snow until the winter, when more electric power is needed. The net result is that many of the young fish do not survive the now sixty-day trip to the sea. Consequently, there are fewer adult salmon to migrate(回游) back up the rivers for breeding. When the time comes for the salmon to return, they again face the problem of dams. As fewer adult salmon are able to get back to their cool upstream water, they fail to produce a sufficiently new generation of salmon.  This cycle could eventually lead to the extinction of the fish.
Attempts are being made to transport the young salmon down river by boats. However, many scientists think that this artificial method of getting the fish to the sea kills more than it saves. Another suggestion, recently proposed by environmentalists, is to increase the rate of water flow. This would be a partial（部分的） solution to the declining salmon numbers. One method of doing this would call for releasing water from upstream dam. This would speed up the downstream movement of the smolts.
Another method would be to reduce the water level in the dams for a period in the spring when the smolts are migrating downstream. This would also increase the flow rate temporarily without requiring large amounts of water and, thus, enable the young salmon to move downstream faster. Unfortunately, both of these proposals have met with criticism from the power companies, which strongly suggests the uncertain fate of the salmon in the region.
76. What’s the main topic of the passage?
A. The failure of adult salmon to reproduce.
B. The importance of smolts returning upstream.
C. The need for smolts to reach salt water quickly.
D. The harm caused to salmon by river damming.
77. The passage discusses all of the following methods of dealing with salmon issue EXCEPT _____.
A. carrying the fish in boats
B. allowing water to be released from upstream dams
C. dropping water levels in dams
D. breeding salmon
78. In paragraph 3, what does the author mean by the statement that many scientists think that this artificial method of getting the fish to the sea kills more than it saves?
A. Saving fish is artificial.
B. More fish die when transported than would die otherwise
C. Artificial methods of transportation give salmon the chance to get adapted to salt water.
D. The sea kills more fish than are saved by transportation.
79. Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with?
A. The salmon problem is likely to continue.
B. A solution to the salmon problem will be found in the near future.
C. Salmon will be extinct very quickly. 
D. The government should step in and provide a way out.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Parents often believe that they have a good relationship with their teenagers (青少年). But last summer, Joanna and Henry noticed a change in their older son: suddenly he seemed to be talking far more to his friends than to his parents . “The door to his room is always shut.” Joanna noted.
Tina and Mark noticed similar changes in their 14-year-old daughter. “She used to cuddle up (蜷伏)with me on the sofa and talk ,” said Mark . “Now we joke that she does this only when she wants something. Sometimes she wants to be treated like a little girl and sometimes like a young lady. The problem is figuring out which time is which.”
Before age 11, children like to tell their parents what’s on their minds. “In fact, parents are first on the list.” said Michael Riera, author of Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers. “This completely changes during the teen years.” Riera explained. “They talk to their friends first, then maybe their teachers, and their parents last.”
Parents who know what’s going on in their teenagers’ lives are in the best position to help them. To break down the wall of silence, parents should create chances to understand what their children want to say, and try to find ways to talk and write to them. And they must give their children a mental break, for children also need freedom, though young. Another thing parents should remember is that to be a friend, not a manager, with their children is a better way to know them.
69. “The door to his room is always shut” suggests that the son        .
A. is always busy with his studies           B. doesn’t want to be disturbed
C. keeps himself away from his parents       D. begins to dislike his parents
70. What troubles Tina and Mark most is that        .
A. their daughter isn’t as lovely as before   B. they can’t read their daughter’s mind exactly
C. they don’t know what to say to their daughter
D. their daughter talks with them only when she needs help
71. Which of the following best explains “the wall of silence” in the last paragraph?
A. Teenagers talk a lot with their friends.      
B. Teenagers do not want to understand their parents.
C. Teenagers do not talk much with their parents.
D. Teenagers talk little about their own lives.
72. What can be learned from the passage?
A. Parents are unhappy with their growing children.
B. Parents have suitable ways to talk with their teenagers.
C. Parents should be patient with their silent teenagers.
D. Parents should try to understand their teenagers.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


E
Climate has been a major driver of armed conflict in Africa, research shows—and future warming is likely to increase the number of deaths from war. US researchers found that across the continent, conflict was about 50% more likely in unusually warm years.
Writing in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), they suggest conflict arises when the food supply is not enough in warm conditions. Climatic factors have been mentioned as a reason for several recent conflicts. One is the fighting in Darfur in Sudan that has killed 200,000 people and forced two million more from their homes. Previous research has shown an association between lack of rain and conflict, but this is thought to be the first clear evidence of a temperature link.
The researchers used databases of temperatures across sub-Saharan Africa for the period between 1981 and 2002, and looked for connections between above average warmth and civil conflict in the same country that left at least 1,000 people dead. "Studies show that crop output in the region is really sensitive to small shifts in temperature, even of half a degree or so," research leader Marshall Burke, from the University of California at Berkeley, told BBC News.
"Our findings provide strong motivation to increase investments in African adaptation to climate change by such steps as developing crop varieties less sensitive to extreme heat and promoting insurance plans to help protect farmers from negative effects of the hotter climate," said Dr Burke. "If the argument is that the trend towards rising temperatures will increase conflict, then we need to do something around climate change, but more fundamentally we need to resolve the conflicts in the first place."
If the sub-Saharan climate continues to warm and little is done to help its countries better adapt to high temperatures, the human costs are likely to be unimaginable. If temperatures rise across the continent as computer models project, future conflicts are likely to become more common, researchers suggest. Their study shows an increase of about 50% over the next 20 years.
When projections of social trends such as population increase and economic development were included in their model of a future Africa, temperature rise still emerged as a likely major cause of increasing armed conflict. At next month's UN climate summit (峰會(huì)) in Copenhagen, governments are due to debate how much money to put into helping African countries prepare for and adapt to negative effects of climate change.
57．According to the passage, which of the following is one of the reasons for the fighting in Darfur in Sudan?
A．Shortage of drinking water.                         B．Racial discrimination.
C．Rising temperature.                                     D．Demand for planting land.
58．What can we know from the research done by the US researchers?
A．There is no close relation between rainfall and conflict.
B．Temperature greatly affects crop production in sub-Saharan Africa.
C．Temperature will rise by about 50% in Africa over the next two decades.
D．With world cooperation, conflicts in Africa will be reduced by half 20 years later.
59．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Something must be done to help sub-Saharan countries with better adaptation to climate change to avoid disaster.
B．Conflicts in sub-Saharan countries are sure to be on the rise in future.
C．Temperature in sub-Saharan countries will rise at a faster speed.
D．High temperatures will make sub-Saharan countries unfit to live in.
60．What's the best title for this passage?
A．World cooperation against African conflict
B．Africa's sufferings from climate change
C．Food shortages lead to African conflict
D．Climate drives African conflict

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