A Charlotte N.C. man was charged with first-degree murder of a 79-year-old woman whom police said he scared to death. Can the guy be held responsible for the woman’s death? Prosecutors (公訴人) said that he can under the state’s murder rule, which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person’s death while committing or fleeing from a severe crime—even if he or she doesn’t kill someone on purpose.
But, medically speaking, can someone actually be frightened to death? We asked Martin Samuels, chairman of the neurology department at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.
Absolutely, no question about it.
The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response, which was originally described by Walter Cannon，chairman of Harvard University’s physiology department from 1906 to 1942. If, in the wild, an animal is faced with a life-threatening situation, the automatic nervous system responds by increasing heart rate, increasing blood flow to the muscles, and slowing digestion, among other things. All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast. This process certainly would be of help to early humans. However, in the modern world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response.
The autonomic nervous system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response. This chemical is poisonous in large amounts; it damages the organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart. There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death.
By the way, any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result. There are people who have died in excitement or in religious passion. There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one, turned to his partner and said, “I can die now”, and then he dropped dead.
小題1:What is Martin Samuels’ attitude to the possibility of being frightened to death?
A．Approval.B．Disapproval.C．Doubtful.D．Indifferent.
小題2:What can we learn about the fight-or-flight response according to the passage?
A．The fight-or-flight response was raised and proved by Martin Samuels.
B．It is a natural protective method that can’t be found in all creatures but humans.
C．The ancient humans had a better fight-or-flight response than modern ones.
D．The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs.
小題3:What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs?
A．Winning an unexpected fortune.
B．Missing a dead family member.
C．Watching a horror movie.
D．Listening to a sweet song.
小題4:The purpose of the passage is ______.
A．to explain why people will die of a heart attack
B．to offer some advice on protecting us from heart failure
C．to compare different kinds of feelings to cause a death
D．to show strong emotions can cause a sudden death

小題1:A
小題2:Ｃ
小題3:Ｄ　
小題4:Ｄ

試題解析：生活常識(shí)類文章閱讀。本文通過一個(gè)案例提出問題：人會(huì)被嚇?biāo)绬幔ㄟ^一系列的說明讓人們知道：答案是一定的。
小題1:A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句話：順便說一下，任何一種強(qiáng)烈的無論是積極的還是消極的情緒的波動(dòng)比如高興或者傷心都有可能導(dǎo)致同樣的結(jié)果，即死亡，也就表明了作者對(duì)于被嚇?biāo)朗琴澇傻模珹. Approval. 贊成的 B. Disapproval反對(duì)的. C. Doubtful. 懷疑的  D. Indifferent.冷漠的，所以A正確。
小題2:C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容：身體有一種自然保護(hù)機(jī)制叫做對(duì)抗反應(yīng),最初被(1906年至1942年)哈佛大學(xué)的生理系主任描述的：如果在野外,動(dòng)物面臨威脅生命的情況下,自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)會(huì)增加心率,增加血液流到肌肉,擴(kuò)張,減緩消化,所有這些增加了在戰(zhàn)斗中成功或從具有攻擊性的野獸逃跑的機(jī)會(huì)，這個(gè)過程肯定是對(duì)早起的人類是有幫助的，所以C正確。
小題3:D。細(xì)節(jié)推理題。本文說明了一個(gè)人在極度強(qiáng)烈的情緒之下，對(duì)人的身體器官有害，甚至?xí)䦟?dǎo)致死亡，而A ＢＣ都屬于會(huì)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈情緒的動(dòng)作，而D聽甜美的音樂，使人心情舒暢放松，而不會(huì)極度波動(dòng)，所以Ａ正確。
小題4:D主旨大意題。本文從一個(gè)案例入手，解釋和說明強(qiáng)烈的情感給人體器官帶來的傷害甚至?xí)䦟?dǎo)致死亡，所以D正確。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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At first he stood alone, 37  massive amounts of snow. Soon after a neighbor joined in. Then we reluctantly put on our snow gear(裝備) and  38  outside. It wasn’t long  39  we were smiling and enjoying the  40  of snow that Mother Nature had provided. Others came to our yard one by one to give a  41  in the making of our giant snowman.
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As I prepared for the start of another week, I decided to  50  my email before going to bed. I found a  51  message that contained the subject line: 52  the snowman.
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小題1:
A．a(chǎn)nnouncedB．statedC．informedD．insisted
小題2:
A．pressingB．pouringC．clearingD．piling
小題3:
A．lookedB．headedC．rushedD．wandered
小題4:
A．whenB．sinceC．beforeD．a(chǎn)fter
小題5:A. softness     B .flexibility    C whiteness      D .abundance
小題6:
A．handB．tipC．designD．tool
小題7:
A．workedB．staredC．wonderedD．suspected
小題8:
A．decoratedB．wrappedC．providedD．equipped
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A．societiesB．familiesC．communitiesD．neighborhoods
小題10:
A．occupationB．survivalC．sculptureD．existence
小題11:
A．wayB．entranceC．warmthD．a(chǎn)ppearance
小題12:
A．roughlyB．considerablyC．instantlyD．steadily
小題13:
A．longerB．furtherC．deeperD．stronger
小題14:
A．figureB．versionC．formD．remains
小題15:
A．a(chǎn)nswerB．deleteC．checkD．sort
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A．curiousB．seriousC．elegantD．punctual
小題17:
A．recallB．enjoyC．keepD．praise
小題18:
A．a(chǎn)ttractionB．scenesC．sightsD．beauty
小題19:
A．variousB．spiritualC．significantD．joyous
小題20:
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After six months of living in New Zealand, I realized one thing. Despite my  1  for greater contact with local students,  2  I initiated(開始) the contact, it wouldn’t happen. Local students are not interested in contacts with the international students, because they regard us as shy,  3   and sometimes snobby （勢(shì)利的） people. Of course we know that’s not true. I want to change their opinions.
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小題1:
A．desireB．invitationC．devotionD．effort
小題2:
A．ifB．otherwiseC．unlessD．once
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A．energeticB．considerateC．free D．dull
小題4:
A．getting B．realizingC．solvingD．making
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A．get up with B．put up withC．open up toD．look forward to
小題6:
A．a(chǎn)cceptedB．provedC．electedD．forced
小題7:
A．publicB．privacy C．possessionD．protection
小題8:
A．laughingB．talkingC．a(chǎn)ctingD．walking
小題9:
A．mindedB．talentedC．humorousD．enthusiastic
小題10:
A．lookingB．helpingC．pretendingD．treating
小題11:
A．experience B．troubleC．travelD．struggle
小題12:
A．greatB．impossibleC．hopefulD．reasonable

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