Speakers of different languages not only describe the world differently but think about it differently too, according to a new study.
Researchers used a cartoon cat Sylvester to study how language was reflected (反映) in the gestures people made. Dr. Sotaro Kita of the University of Bristol’s Department of Experimental Psychology (心理學(xué)), showed the cartoon to a group of native English, Japanese and Turkish speakers and then watched their gestures as they described the actions they had seen. He found speakers of the three different languages used different gestures to describe the same event, which appeared to reflect the way the structure of their languages expressed that event. For example, when describing a scene where the cat swings on a rope, the English speakers used gestures showing an arc trajectory (弧形軌跡)  and the Japanese and Turkish speakers tended to use straight gestures showing the motion but not the arc.
Dr. Kita suggests this is because Japanese and Turkish have no proper verb to express the English meaning “to swing”. While English speakers use the arc gesture as their language can readily express the change of location and the arc-shaped trajectory, Japanese and Turkish speakers cannot as easily express the idea of movement with an arc trajectory so they use the straight gesture.
Dr. Kita said, “My research suggests that speakers of different languages cause different spatial (空間的) images of the same event in a way that matches the expressive possibilities of their own languages. In other words, language influences (影響) spatial thinking at the moment of speaking.”
68. 小題1:Researchers watched the gestures the people made because they wanted to know _____.
A．how language was reflected
B．whether they could express the same idea
C．whether they could describe what they had seen
D．how the structure of language changed
69. 小題2:After watching the gestures of speakers of the three different languages, Dr. Kita concluded that _____.
A．Japanese and Turkish people couldn’t express the meaning of “swing”
B．English was obviously better than Japanese and Turkish
C．no word in Japanese and Turkish could express some ideas of English
D．every language had its own special way to describe things
70.小題3:What is mainly discussed in the text?
A．Differences between languages.
B．Differences between gestures.
C．How people use different gestures to express the same event.
D．That language influences the way people think.

小題1:A
小題2:D
小題3:D

小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“Researchers used a cartoon cat Sylvester to study how language was reflected in the gestures people made.”可知答案。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一階段的“My research suggests that speakers of different languages cause different spatial (空間的) images of the same event in a way that matches the expressive possibilities of their own languages.”可知答案。
小題3:主旨大意題。通過上下文的理解，并結(jié)合最后一句“In other words, language influences (影響) spatial thinking at the moment of speaking.”可知文章主要講述語(yǔ)言影響人們的思考方式。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


A sobbing little girl stood near a small church from which she had been turned away because it “was too crowded．” “I can’t go to Sunday School,” she sobbed to the pastor (牧師) as he walked by．Seeing her shabby appearance, the pastor guessed the reason, and, taking her by the hand, took her inside and found a place for her in the Sunday School class．The child was so touched that she went to bed that night thinking of the children who have no place to worship Jesus．
Some years later, this child lay dead in one of the poor buildings and the parents called for the kindhearted pastor, who had befriended their daughter, to handle the final arrangements．As her poor little body was being moved, a worn purse was found which seemed to have been picked up from some trash dump．Inside was found 57 cents and a note scribbled in childish handwriting which read, “This is to help build the little church bigger so more children can go to Sunday School．”
For two years she had saved for this offering of love．When the pastor tearfully read that note, he knew instantly what he would do．Carrying this note, he told people the story of her unselfish love and devotion．
A newspaper learned of the story and published it．It was read by a Realtor who offered them a parcel of land worth many thousands．When told that the church could not pay so much, he offered it for 57 cents．
Church members made large donations．Checks came from far and wide．Within five years the little girl’s gift had increased to $250,000, a huge sum for that time．
When you are in the city of Philadelphia, look up Temple Baptist Church, with a seating capacity of 3,300 and Temple University, where hundreds of students are trained．Have a look, too, at the Good Samaritan Hospital and at a Sunday School building which houses hundreds of Sunday scholars, so that no child in the area will ever need to be left outside during Sunday school time．
41．Why did the girl have a purse with 57 cents?
A．To save money for her future career．
B．To build a large building for more children to live in．
C．To help build a church big enough for every child to go to．
D．To remind people to make remarkable history．
42．How did a Realtor help the church?
A．He made the story known to the public by publishing it．
B．He sold a land to the church for free．
C．He offered the church a piece of land for 57 cents．
D．He raised money for the church．
43．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Church members donated because of their desire for a big church．
B．The girl’s unselfish love was rewarded at last．
C．The pastor found 57 cents saved by the little girl．
D．Temple Baptist Church, Temple University, Good Samaritan Hospital and a Sunday School building all belong to the small church the little girl went to．
44．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．57 Cents                B．A little girl’s wish
C．Pastor and Girl              D．A bigger Church

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A small town in southwest Britain is banning(禁止) plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut waste—a step that environmentalists believe is a first for Europe.
Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1500,agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday.They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead.
Last month,San Franciso became the first U.S. city to ban plastic grocery bags.Internationally,laws to discourage the use of plastic bags have been passed in parts of South Africa and Ireland,where governments either tax shoppers who use them or fine companies that hand them out.Bangladesh already bans them,and so do at least 30 remote Alaskan villages.
Modbury,about 225 miles southwest of London,has also declared a bag amnesty(寬限期),allowing local people to hand in plastic bags that have piled up at home.They will be sent for traveling.
The Modbury ban was the idea of Rebecca Hosking,who saw the effect of bags on marine life while working in the Pacific as a wildlife camerawoman.She said response(反應(yīng)) in the town so far had been “really positive”.
“Modbury is quite an old-fashioned town and a lot of people have wicker baskets to go out shopping anyway,”Hosking told Sky News Television.
The Worldwatch Institute,an environmental research agency,states that 100 billion plastic bags are thrown away each year in the United States alone.More than 500 billion are used yearly around the world.
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A．A lawyer.B．An environmentalist.
C．A sailor.D．A photographer.
小題2:The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means _______.
A．a(chǎn)cceptableB．valuable
C．throw-awayD．long-lasting
小題3:It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A．most of the people in Modbury continue to use plastic bags
B．fewer and fewer plastic bags will be used in the world
C．San Francisco is the first city to ban plastic bags in the world
D．most countries in the world have passed laws to ban plastic bags
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A．Environmental Protection
B．Big Cities Banning Plastic Bags
C．Effect of Plastic Bags on Sea Animals
D．British Town Banning Plastic Bags

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There is one difference between the sexes on which every expert and study agrees: men are more aggressive than women. It shows up in 2-year-olds. It continues through school days and persists into adulthood. It is even constant across cultures. And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology.
If there's a woman’s trait(特點(diǎn)) which is the same as men’s aggressiveness, it's what social scientists refer to as the result of "education". Feminists have argued that the caring nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been forced into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home. But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore. Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers(學(xué)步者) learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues（非言語(yǔ)暗示） from others. And grown women are far more skilful than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear. The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust.
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　　Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate men. But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one difference: Men tend to be more “autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues more often.  Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences. Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening.
小題1:The passage mainly discusses__________.
　          
A．how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations
　　		B．how hormone determines sex differences
　　		C．why there are differences between males and females
　　		D．why men and women have different social roles
小題2:Which of the following is true of women's nurturing nature according to the passage?
A．It is not inborn in any sense.
B．It is inspired by women’s families.
C．It is caused by social prejudice.
D．It is partly biological in origin.
小題3:The Harvard Law School example in paragraph 3 suggests that_________.
A．women are not as competitive as men
B．law is not the fight profession for women
C．women are as excellent as men when they are young
D．a(chǎn)cademic qualities are not equal to performance
小題4:Which of the following statement is true according to paragraph 4?
A．Men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often.
B．Female leaders' success is due to their imitating male leaders.
C．Men and women are different in their leadership style.
D．Decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician.
小題5:It can be inferred from the passage that the writer_________.
A．denies the difference sexes make in real life
B．is prejudiced against men
C．discourages women to be competitive
D．treats sex difference objectively

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical（經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，實(shí)證的） basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.
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Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off  academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
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小題1:What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?
A．Light.B．Ceilings.C．Windows.D．Furniture.
小題2:The passage tells us that ______.
A．the shape of furniture may affect people's feelings
B．lower ceilings may help improve students' creativity
C．children in a dim classroom may improve their grades
D．students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed
小題3:The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ______.
A．the problem is not approached step by step
B．the researches so far have faults in themselves
C．the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect
D．research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns
小題4:Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
CP: Central Point    P: Point   SP: Sub-point（次要點(diǎn)）   C: Conclusion

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Sports shoes that work out whether their owner has done enough exercise to warrant time in front of the television have been devised in the UK.
The shoes — named Square Eyes — contain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer chip to record how many steps the wearer has taken in a day. A wireless transmitter(傳話器) passes the information to a receiver connected to a television, and this decides how much evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the day’s efforts.
The design was inspired by a desire to fight against the rapidly ballooning waistlines among British teenagers, says Gillian Swan, who developed Square Eyes as a final year design project at Brunel University to London, UK. “We looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,” she says. “And I wanted to tackle that with my design.”
Once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps.
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Existing pedometers （計(jì)步器） normally clip onto a belt or slip into a pocket and keep count of steps by measuring sudden movement. Swan says these can be easily tricked into recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to cheat. “It is possible, but it would be a lot of effort,” she says. “That was one of my main design considerations.”
小題1:According to Swan, the purpose of her design project is to ________.
A．keep a record of the steps of the wearer
B．deal with overweight among teenagers
C．enable children to resist the temptation of TV
D．prevent children from being tricked by TV programs
小題2:Which of the following is true of Square Eyes shoes?
A．They regulate a child’s evening TV viewing time.
B．They determine a child’s daily pocket money.
C．They have raised the hot issue of overweight.
D．They contain information of the receiver.
小題3:What is stressed（強(qiáng)調(diào)）by health experts in their suggestion?
A．The exact number of steps to be taken.
B．The precise number of hours spent on TV.
C．The proper amount of daily exercise and TV time.
D．The way of changing steps into TV watching time.
小題4:Compared with other similar products, the new design ________.
A．makes it difficult for lazy teenagers to cheat
B．counts the wearer’s steps through shaking
C．records the sudden movement of the wearer
D．sends teenagers’ health data to the receiver
小題5:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Smart Shoes Decide on Television Time
B．Smart Shoes Guarantee More Exercise
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

　　Sociologists（社會(huì)學(xué)家）, working in western countries, have found that a large number of women wished they had been born men. The number is said to be as high as 60％ in Germany.
　　"Women often wish they had the same chances as men have, and think it is still men's world. " said Dr. James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the study.
　　Many men say that they have more duties than women. A man has to make money to support his family and to make the important decision, so it is right for men to be paid more. Some are even against their wives working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children cannot be taken good care of. If women take full-time jobs, they won't be able to do what they are best at doing: making a nice home and bringing up the children.
　　Some women disagree. They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom to choose between work and home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances.
　　Anne Harper has a very good job. She also believes in "Women's Liberation", "I don't wish I were a man," she says, "and I don't think many women do. But I do wish people would stop treating us like second-class people. At work, for example, we usually do the work that men do but get paid less. There are still a lot of jobs only to men—usually they are the best ones. If you are a man, you have a much better chance of living a wonderful life. How many women scientists are there…or engineers?"
小題1:Many men think ______.
A．women can't do what men can
B．men have to work much harder than women
C．men can make money more easily than women
D．women's duty is mainly to do housework at home
　小題2:Some women have different ideas. They say that ______.
A．women need chances to go out of the home more often
B．women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they want
C．if women are given equal pay, they can do everything instead of men
D．women are no longer interested in taking care of their homes
　　　小題3:Anne Harper thought that ______.
A．women should live a better life than men
B．women should be really liberated
C．women should be given better jobs than men
D．women should live a more wonderful life than men

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Of all living creatures on earth, insects are the most plentiful. Some　 36　 are very useful to man, for example, bees,　 37　 we get honey and wax, and silkworms, which　 38　 us with silk. Other varieties,　39　, are extremely harmful, and do a great　 40　 of damage, especially to crops. Locusts （蝗蟲） are perhaps the most dangerous of all,　 41　 they will eat almost any green　 42　 , and when millions of them　 43　 on cultivated land（耕地）they soon leave it　 44　. In some countries they are the farmer’s　 45　 enemy. Another nuisance is the common　 46　 , not only because it　 47　 us indoors and out - of- doors, but because it spreads diseases.
　　Scientists have given much time and　 48　 to the study of insects. It needs the most careful and　 49　 observation. Thanks　 50　 their discoveries we now know almost all　51　is to be known about the habits of these hardworking insects, bees and ants, which live in　52　better planned in some ways than our　　53　 . But the most valuable work has been done in trying to give　 54　 to men, animals and crops from the　 55　 which insects cause.
　　36．A. members  B. forms  C. qualities  D. varieties
　　37．A. by which  B. from which  C. of which  D. in which
　　38．A. give  B. produce  C. offer  D. supply
　　39．A. however  B. meanwhile C. therefore  D. what's more
　　40．A. majority  B. number  C. amount  D. quantity
　　41．A. and  B. for  C. if  D. when
　　42．A. grass  B. field  C. fruit  D. plant
　　43．A. settle  B. attack  C. pass  D. cross
　　44．A. bare  B. nothing  C. empty  D. untouched
　　45．A. hardest  B. greatest  C. serious  D. wildest
　　46．A. insect  B. creature  C. fly  D. enemy
　　47．A. dislikes  B. bites  C. worries  D. hates
　　48．A. understanding  B. ideas  C. comprehension  D. thought
　　49．A. serious  B. patient  C. curious  D. long
　　50．A. for  B. of  C. to  D. with
　　51．A. that  B. which  C. there  D. what
　　52．A. societies  B. crowds C. teams  D. organizations
　　53．A. world  B. nation  C. selves  D. own
　　54．A. help  B. protection  C. living  D. defense
　　55．A. injury  B. wound  C. sickness  D. ruin

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?
The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.
A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.
The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.
Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.
小題1:     The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A]. Philosophy of mathematics.              [B]. The Recent Growth in Science.
[C]. The Verification of Facts.                [C]. Methods of Scientific Inquiry.
小題2:According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is
[A]. the similarity between the two periods.
[B]. that it was an act of God.
[C]. that both tried to develop the inductive method.
[D]. due to the decline of the deductive method.
小題3:     The difference between “fact” and “theory”
[A]. is that the latter needs confirmation.
[B]. rests on the simplicity of the former.
[C]. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.
[D]. helps us to understand the deductive method.
小題4:     According to the author, mathematics is
[A]. an inductive science.           [B]. in need of simple verification.
[C]. a deductive science.            [D]. based on fact and theory.
小題5:     The statement “Theories are facts” may be called.
[A]. a metaphor.                  [B]. a paradox.
[C]. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods.
[D]. a pun.

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