The Peppered Moth, a kind of insect(昆蟲), is found in England. It is light brown in colour and likes to settle(棲息) on trees which are also light brown. This makes the moth difficult to be seen and birds are less likely to notice and eat it.
But with the development of industry(工業(yè)) , smoke from factories began to reach the trees where the moth settled. It made the trees blacker. Then something very strange took place: in industrial areas, the Peppered Moth began to change colour. It became darker as well. Though the change took several years, some scientists soon notice that newly-born moths were a little darker than usual.
A scientist with the name Kettlewell decided to make a careful study of this phenomenon(現(xiàn)象). He marked some of the light moths and some of the darker ones, and set them free in the woods near Bermingham, an industrial city. Later, he recaptured(重新捕獲) as many as the marked moths as possible. The results were as follows.
| | light moths | darker moths |
| Moths set free | 201 | 601 |
| moths recaptured | 34(16%) | 206(34%) |
| A．it itself liked to |
| B．it could be like the colour of its living-place |
| C．it had to keep the balance of nature |
| D．it was usually dark brown |
| A．many more of the light moths were killed or eaten |
| B．more than one-fifth of the light moths was not killed |
| C．three times as many dark moths were kept safe as light ones |
| D．more dark moths were killed in industrial areas |
| A．the number of the light moths became larger |
| B．the total number of the light moths remained unchanged |
| C．there were more of the darker moths and fewer of the light ones |
| D．the darker moths changed into the light ones suddenly |
【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】A
解析試題分析：本文介紹了英國的The Peppered Moth,會隨著環(huán)境的顏色變化而產(chǎn)生變化，后來當?shù)氐沫h(huán)境變壞，蟲子的顏色也變成了深色。
【小題1】B推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段1,2行The Peppered Moth, a kind of insect(昆蟲), is found in England. It is light brown in colour and likes to settle(棲息) on trees which are also light brown說明這種昆蟲的顏色和周圍環(huán)境的顏色是相似的，故B正確。
【小題2】A 推理題。根據(jù)表格可知顏色較淺的蟲子回收的較少，而顏色較深的回收較多，說明淺顏色的蟲子容易被鳥兒認出來，被吃掉。而顏色深的蟲子容易適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化，不容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故A正確。
【小題3】A 推理題。正是因為這種蟲子的顏色容易隨著外界的顏色變化而變化，那么空氣變的干凈以后，環(huán)境也會變好，顏色會變淺，故蟲子的顏色也會變淺。故A正確。
考點：考查環(huán)境類短文閱讀
點評：本文介紹了英國的The Peppered Moth,會隨著環(huán)境的顏色變化而產(chǎn)生變化。從題目設(shè)置的角度看，本題側(cè)重對學(xué)生把握文章中心段落和各段落的中心句的能力的考查，所以遇到這類題后，要注意把握好文章結(jié)構(gòu)，了解文章中心意思，找到各段落中心句。不要讓文中的一些生詞影響了注意力。
名校課堂系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：2013年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試新課標卷英語 題型：050
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Alzheimer's disease affects millions of people around the world. American researchers say the disease will affect more than one hundred million people worldwide by the year twenty fifty. That would be four times the current number. Researchers and doctors have been studying Alzheimer's patients for a century. Yet the cause and cure for the mental sickness are still unknown. However, some researchers have made important steps towards understanding it.
Several early signs of the disease involve memory and thought processes. At first, patients have trouble remembering little things. Later, they have trouble remembering more important things, such as the names of their children.
There are also some physical tests that might show who is at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The tests look for proteins in brain and spinal cord fluid. The proteins appear to be found only in people with the disease. The protein tests correctly identify the presence of the disease in about ninety percent of patients.
Now, a much simpler physical test to predict Alzheimer's risk has been developed. Researchers found that trouble with the sense of smell can be one of the first signs of Alzheimer's. Using this information, they developed a test in which people were asked to identify twelve familiar smells. These smells included cinnamon, black pepper, chocolate, paint thinner, and smoke.
The study continued for five years. During this period, the same people were asked to take several tests measuring their memory and thought abilities. Fifty percent of those who could not identify at least four of the smells in the first test had trouble with their memory and thinking in the next five years.
Another study has shown a possible way to reduce a person's chances of developing Alzheimer's disease in old age. Researchers in Chicago found that people who use their brains more often are less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. Those who read a newspaper, or play chess or word games are about three times less likely to develop the condition.
Researchers say they still do not know what causes Alzheimer's disease. But they say these findings might help prevent the disease in the future.
41. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Some early signs of the Alzheimer's disease.
B. Some physical tests about Alzheimer's disease.
C. The research about Alzheimer's disease.
D. The patients of Alzheimer's disease.
42. What’s the current number of Alzheimer’s patients?
A. 100 million B. 25 million C. 400 million D. 2050 million
43. What is not the early signs of the Alzheimer's disease according to the passage?
A. Poor memory B. Proteins exist in the brain.
C. Trouble with the sense of smell. D. Less use of the brain.
44. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Alzheimer's disease. B. Alzheimer's patients. C. The cause and cure. D. The research.
45. According to the passage, we can learn that _______.
A. there are no proteins in the brains of the people with no Alzheimer's disease
B. the people who often use their brains will not get Alzheimer's disease
C. researchers and doctors have found ways to cure Alzheimer's disease
D. the people who have the trouble with the sense of smell will certainly suffer from Alzheimer's disease
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
I once experienced an unforgettable trip to Gloucester to see some of the world's most beautiful and exciting animals in their own habitat(棲息地), the North Atlantic Ocean.
After a long trip by bus, we got on the ship. After a while, we stopped and everyone on the ship started to shout because we saw a humpback whale(座頭鯨). It was wonderful. Sometimes, whales came so close to the ship that you thought you could easily touch them.
While we were watching the whales, a guide was giving us some information about them. She told us that we saw only two kinds of whales -- 50-foot humpback whales (singing whales) and 70-foot fin back whales (the second largest whales on earth). She also said we could easily recognize a whale by its tail because every whale has a different kind of tail just like people have different fingerprints.
They all have names, and on this trip, we saw "Salt" and "Pepper", two whales named by a biologist and a fisherman. They were swimming together all the time.
I took twenty-seven photos, but it was very hard to take them because the whales were quick and stayed on the surface(表面) of the ocean just for a short time. It was really something. It was one of the chances that a person hardly ever experiences in life, but I had that chance.
This passage is mainly about ____.
A. an unforgettable experience in the forest
B. an unforgettable trip to see some strange animals in the mountains
C. a long trip on the ship
D. an unforgettable trip to watch whales
Everyone on the ship began to shout because ______.
A. a whale came so close to the ship B. they saw a singing whale
C. they saw a fin back whale D. they could touch the whale
When they were watching the whales, ____.
A. some of them fed the whales
B. they found several kinds of whales
C. a guide told them something about the whales
D. some of them took many photos and touched the whales
How can we recognize a whale?
A. By its tail(認識). B. By its head.
C. By its neck. D. By its eyes.
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科目：高中英語 來源：湖北省百匯學(xué)校2010屆高三下學(xué)期5月月考英語試題 題型：完型填空
第二節(jié): 完型填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
One day I went into a shop for a specific sort of metal polish(擦光劑). While I was in the shop, I saw an older woman looking around at things, and thought I would begin a 31 to light things up. We 32 well and showed some of the beautiful items to each other. She said she was in the shop to purchase a wedding gift for a nephew, whose wedding she wouldn’t be able to attend.
We wandered off 33 and met together again at the cash register. I 34 on the beautiful bowl she had chosen, and how 35 so many of the items were. She asked what I was 36 , and I showed her my polish tube. I said I might buy more items when my kids had all 37 and gone, but they weren’t in my 38 right now. I just like to 39 , as I would do in an art museum.
She asked me what some of my 40 were, and I said I liked the salt and pepper shakers(攪拌器). She asked me to 41 her where the shakers were, so we walked over. She 42 my favorites and took them to the clerk.
I thought she was 43 with my taste, and was going to add them to her nephew’s 44 . No. They were purchased for me. They were worth ninety dollars. I couldn’t 45 it. She laughed and hugged me, and said her husband would 46 know, but she really enjoyed being able to do that 47 me. I never saw her again after that day, 48 I think of her each time I put those beautiful objects on my table.
Remembering that 49 helps me to stay aware and find opportunities to 50 to others, though not in quite such a grand way!
31. A. competition B. research C. secret D. conversation
32. A. looked around B. got on C. gave up D. watched out
33. A. helplessly B. luckily C. separately D. silently
34. A. depended B. carried C. passed D. commented
35. A. lovely B. strange C. expensive D. terrible
36. A. expressing B. thinking C. purchasing D. discussing
37. A. grown up B. left C. cried D. returned
38. A. situation B. budget C. favor D. control
39. A. look B. complain C. explain D. challenge
40. A. favorites B. duties C. suggestions D. habits
41. A. remind B. prove C. show D. write
42. A. turned down B. picked up C. laughed at D. pointed out
43. A. pleased B. busy C. careful D. bored
44. A. taste B. gift C. choice D. basket
45. A. refuse B. change C. believe D. solve
46. A. just B. never C. even D. still
47. A. with B. like C. except D. for
48. A. when B. but C. because D. unless
49. A. experience B. advice C. mistake D. danger
50. A. apply B. refer C. apologize D. give
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科目：高中英語 來源：2009年高考試題（浙江卷）解析版 題型：閱讀理解
Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas .A. flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.
Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A. tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack, In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away- or even chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.
Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor（傳感器） called an electronic nose. The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when they’re attacked. Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detest whether plants are being eaten by insects, But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.
The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.
To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch （打孔器）.
The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage – by insects or with a hole punch – had been done to the tomato leaves.
With some fine tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A. device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareve, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.
1.We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by______.
A. making some sounds B. waving their leaves
C. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals
2.What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?
A. They presented it with all common crops..
B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.
C. They collected different damaged leaves.
D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.
3.According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e –nose is that it can ______.
A. pick out ripe fruits
B. spot the insects quickly
C. distinguish different damages to the leaves
D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves
4.We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose_____.
A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers
B. is not yet used in greenhouses
C. is designed by scientists at Purdue
D. is helpful in killing harmful insects
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