There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. 1       But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with,an individual will have a low level of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. 2       If an individual is disabled environmentally,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

The importance of environment in determining an individuaFs intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins,Peter and Mark X. Being identical,the twins had identical brains at birth,and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old,their parents died. 3       Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. 4       He was read to as a child,sent to good schools,and given every opportunity to be stimulated (刺激) intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens,when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125,twentyfive points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. 5      

   A. So the second factor is what happens to the individual.

   B. Meanwhile,Mark was adopted by a poor foster home.

   C. Then they were placed in separate foster homes (收養(yǎng)家庭) .

   D. Human brains differ considerably,some being more capable than others.

   E. Mark was raised in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college.

   F. Secondly,whether you are brought up in a city or a poor village is also significant.

   G. Given equal opportunities,the twins would have tested at roughly the same level.

1.         2.                  3.                  4.          5.       

本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了決定人智商的兩個(gè)因素一大腦和后天環(huán)境。

1. D 考查順承關(guān)系。上文提到影響人智商的第一個(gè)因素是大腦，選項(xiàng)中只有D"人類大腦有很大差異，有一些比其他的更有能力"提到大腦，并且語意銜接很流暢。

2. A考査遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。上文提到的是第一個(gè)因素大腦，下文提到環(huán)境的影響，所以選A"第二因素是在個(gè)人身上發(fā)生的事情"。該題目的混淆選項(xiàng)是F,該選項(xiàng)只提到人的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境的富�；蜇毟F方面，過于片面。

3. C考查因果關(guān)系。前句講到Peter和Mark的父母過世了，下一句講的是Peter被一對(duì)低智商的夫婦領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，所以C "他們被送到了不同的收養(yǎng)家庭"最合適。

4. E考查對(duì)比關(guān)系。前句講到Peter被一對(duì)低智商的夫婦收養(yǎng)，并且他們社區(qū)很孤立，沒有什么受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。后一句講到他從小就有人讀書給他聽，被送去學(xué)校，并且被給予很多機(jī)會(huì)來促進(jìn)智力的發(fā)展。此處的"他"顯然指的不是Peter,而是Mark,所以E "Mark在一個(gè)父母受過大學(xué)教育并且家境寬裕的家庭長(zhǎng)大" 起到了很好的銜接作用。

5. G該句是對(duì)該段的總結(jié)：如果給予相同的機(jī)會(huì)，這對(duì)雙胞胎智商測(cè)試的水平應(yīng)該是差不多的

題目來源：高考英語組合訓(xùn)練（閱讀七選五+短文填詞+短文改錯(cuò)） > 組合訓(xùn)練38

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