A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(確保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically(生物學(xué)上)these sleepyhead(貪睡者)students aren’t used to the early hour.
　　“Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent (青春期的)sleep at Brown’s School of Medicine.
　　Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time in adolescents. And, at a more basic level, she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns(方式).
　　Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as commonly thought.
　　Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice---their bodies are going through a change of sleep patterns.
　　All of this makes the transfer(遷移)from middle school to high school---which may start one hour earlier in the morning----all the more difficult, Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescents are up against difficulties when they try to be up by 5 or 6 a.m. for a 7:30 a.m. first bell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying. “I need a timeout.”
小題1:Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning because _______.
A．it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtime
B．it is biologically difficult for students to rise early
C．students work so late at night that they can’t get up early
D．students are so lazy that they don’t like to go to school early
小題2:The underlined phrase nod off most probably means _______.
A．turn aroundB．a(chǎn)gree with othersC．fall asleepD．refuse to work
小題3:What might be a reason for the hard transfer from middle school to high school?
A．Adolescents depend more on their parents.
B．Adolescents have to choose their sleep patterns.
C．Adolescents sleep better than they did at childhood.
D．Adolescents need more sleep than they used to.
小題4:What is the test mainly about?
A．Adolescent health care.
B．Problems in adolescent learning.
C．Adolescent sleep difficulties.
D．Changes in adolescent sleep needs and patterns.

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:D

試題分析：文章主要講述了青春期需要睡眠時(shí)間的改變和睡眠模式方面的變化。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章it may be that biologically(生物學(xué)上)these sleepyhead(貪睡者)students aren’t used to the early hour.可知起的太早在學(xué)生的生物學(xué)理上是很困難的，故選B
小題2:推斷題。從It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. 可知說這些學(xué)生趴在桌子上，是懶惰的學(xué)生，所以應(yīng)該是睡覺的意思，故選C
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題。從　Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as commonly thought 可知青春期比以前需要更多的睡眠，故選D
小題4:主旨題。文章主要講述了青春期需要睡眠時(shí)間的改變和睡眠模式方面的變化，故選D
點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章主旨鮮明，題目設(shè)置多為細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)題是很好解答的題目，而主旨題要在概括性的段落中尋找答案。細(xì)節(jié)題在文章題目中找到關(guān)鍵字在文章中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的出處，再仔細(xì)對(duì)比得出正確的答案。
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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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小題4:
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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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A．countriesB．citiesC．townsD．villages
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A．helpsB．meansC．livesD．thinks
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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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1. Don’t order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.
2. Don’t leave any food in your bowls while having meals.
3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don’t buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.
小題1:What’s the real meaning of the underlined sentence?
A．春種一粒粟，秋收萬(wàn)顆籽B．誰(shuí)知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。
C．吏祿三百石，歲晏有余糧D．足蒸暑土氣，背灼炎天光。
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B．Every time you eat, leave some food in your bowls.
C．Take all the food you ordered home.
D．Don’t store too much food like vegetables and fruit.
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A．A number of people have realized the importance of saving food.
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D．Many Chinese feel that they lose face if guests have eaten all the food on the table.
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A．Don’t waste food.
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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Stay as safe as possible during an earthquake. Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks(前震) and a larger earthquake might occur. Reduce your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place.
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If you are in a mountainous area, watch out for falling rock and other debris that could be loosened by the earthquake.
If you are at the beach, move quickly to higher ground or several hundred yards inland.
小題1:Which of the following pictures means “duck, cover and hold”?

小題2:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A．Ground movement during an earthquake is the main reason of death.
B．You should keep your windows, fireplaces and heavy furniture clear.
C．Stop your car in the clear area and get out of it if an earthquake happens.
D．Run away from the beach as quickly as possible if an earthquake happens.
小題3:The passage is mainly about ___________during the earthquake.
A．ways of keeping you safe
B．the importance of keeping safe
C．ways of finding safe places
D．researches on how to keep safe

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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

English Students’ Education
English schools begin in September after a long summer holiday. There are two terms in a school year. The first term is from September to January, and the second term is from February to June. Most English children begin to go to school when they are five years old. When they finish high school, they are seventeen or eighteen years old.
High school students take only five or six subjects each term. They usually go the the same class every day, and they have homework for every class. After class, they do a lot of interesting things. After high school, many students go to college①. They usually have to pay a lot of money. So they have to work after class to get money for their studies.
Notes:1. go to college 上大學(xué)
小題1:In England, summer holidays begin in        .
A．SeptemberB．JanuaryC．JuneD．July
小題2:Most English children go to school at the age of        .
A．fiveB．sevenC．seventeen D．eighteen
小題3:High school students          after class.
A．do houseworkB．go to work
C．play sportsD．do interesting things
小題4:Many English college students work after class for        .
A．helping their parentsB．getting money for their studies
C．helping othersD．learning some useful things
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A．citiesB．workC．collegeD．towns

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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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Exercise is something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Experts suggest that teenagers spend at least 30 minutes exercising a day, five times a week. That is easy to do! You can walk or ride your bike to school, and do sports at school. However, teenagers often give up sports, saying they have no time left after their studies. In fact, doing exercise can help them sleep better at night and increase their ability to focus on their study.
If you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much better and become fit.
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A．How to eat food.B．How to keep fit.
C．How to lose weight.D．How to exercise.
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A．營(yíng)養(yǎng)B．強(qiáng)壯C．能量D．鍛煉
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A．5B．50C．30D．150
小題4:If you ________, you will become fit.
A．exercise regularly
B．drink lots of water
C．have a healthy eating habit along with regular exercise
D．eat rice, bread, vegetables and fruit

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