解:(1)42:28=(42÷14):(28÷14)=3:2,
比值是:42:28=42÷28=1.5;
(2)0.5:0.15=(0.5×100):(0.15×100)=50:15=(50÷5):(15÷5)=10:3,
比值是:0.5:0.15=
=
=
;
(3)
:
=(
):(
)=21:20,
比值是:
:
=
=
=
.
故填:(1)3:2,1.5;
(2)10:3,
;
(3)21:20,
.
分析:化簡(jiǎn)比是根據(jù)比的基本性質(zhì)(比的前項(xiàng)和后項(xiàng)同時(shí)乘上或除以一個(gè)相同的數(shù)(0除外),比值不變),把比的前項(xiàng)和后項(xiàng)同時(shí)乘上或除以一個(gè)相同的不為0的數(shù),使比的前項(xiàng)和后項(xiàng)變成互質(zhì)數(shù);求比值是根據(jù)比的意義(兩個(gè)數(shù)相除又叫兩個(gè)數(shù)的比),用比的前項(xiàng)除以比的后項(xiàng).
點(diǎn)評(píng):化簡(jiǎn)比是把一個(gè)比化成最簡(jiǎn)單的整數(shù)比(前項(xiàng)和后項(xiàng)是互質(zhì)數(shù))的形式;求比值是用比的前項(xiàng)除以后項(xiàng),小數(shù)化成分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,結(jié)果最好用分?jǐn)?shù)表示.