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解析 由動(dòng)能定理可知WWWWmv2,其中W=-mgh,所以Wmv2mghWW,選項(xiàng)A不正確;運(yùn)動(dòng)員機(jī)械能增加量ΔEWWWmv2mgh,選項(xiàng)B正確;重力做功W=-mgh,選項(xiàng)C正確;運(yùn)動(dòng)員自身做功Wmv2mghWW,選項(xiàng)D不正確.

答案 AD

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解析 (1)小球從曲面上滑下,只有重力做功,由機(jī)械能守恒定律知:

mghmv                                                       ①

v0 m/s=2 m/s.

(2)小球離開平臺后做平拋運(yùn)動(dòng),小球正好落在木板的末端,則

Hgt2                                                                                                                                                     

v1t                                                                                                               

聯(lián)立②③兩式得:v1=4 m/s

設(shè)釋放小球的高度為h1,則由mgh1mv

h1=0.8 m.

(3)由機(jī)械能守恒定律可得:mghmv2

小球由離開平臺后做平拋運(yùn)動(dòng),可看做水平方向的勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)和豎直方向的自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng),則:

ygt2                                                                                                                                                      

xvt                                                                                                                      

tan 37°=                                                                                                         

vygt                                                                                                                     

vv2v                                                       ⑧

Ekmv                                                      ⑨

由④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨式得:Ek=32.5h                                                                      

考慮到當(dāng)h>0.8 m時(shí)小球不會落到斜面上,其圖象如圖所示

答案 (1)2 m/s (2)0.8 m (3)Ek=32.5h 圖象見解析

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有一個(gè)質(zhì)量為m的物體,以初速度v0沿光滑斜面向上滑行,當(dāng)它升高了h時(shí),物體所具有的機(jī)械能為
[     ]
A.E=mgh
B.E=mv02+mgh
C.E=mv02
D.E=mv02-mgh

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如圖所示,兩物體質(zhì)量分別為m和M(m<M),滑輪的質(zhì)量和摩擦以及空氣阻力都不計(jì),質(zhì)量為M的物體從靜止開始下降h后速度大小為v,下列說法中正確的是(   )

A、M的重力勢能減少了Mgh

B、m的重力勢能增加了mgh

C、m和M的總動(dòng)能增加了(1/2)(M-m)

D、根據(jù)機(jī)械能守恒可得Mgh=mgh+(1/2)(M+m)

 

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如圖所示,O點(diǎn)置一個(gè)正點(diǎn)電荷,在過O點(diǎn)的豎直平面內(nèi)的A點(diǎn),自由釋放一個(gè)帶正電的小球,小球的質(zhì)量為m,帶電量為q,小球落下的軌跡如圖中的實(shí)線所示,它與以O(shè)點(diǎn)為圓心、R為半徑的圓(圖中虛線表示)相交于B、C兩點(diǎn),O、C在同一水平線上,∠BOC=30°,A距OC的高度為h,若小球通過B點(diǎn)的速度為v,則下列敘述正確的是(     )

①小球通過C點(diǎn)的速度大小是;
②小球通過C點(diǎn)的速度大小是;
③小球由A到C電場力做功是mgh-mv2;
④小球由A到C電場力做功是mv2+mg.
A.①③         B.①④     C.②④        D.②③

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