The Three Gorges Dam

“Walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain”

Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he           (夢想) “walls of stone to         (阻止) clouds and rain till a       (光滑的，平坦的) lake       (上升) in the narrow gorges”. Now his dream has           (實(shí)現(xiàn)). The        (水力) of the Yangtze River, which is the world’s third longest river, has been           (利用) by the Three Gorges Dam.

The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest                 (建筑工程)in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built                  (控制泛濫)and

      hydro-electric power        (為……提供)the central region of China. The dam is nearly 200 metres      (高)and 1.5 kilometres      (寬). It is the largest              (水力發(fā)電站)

and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.

Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first       (建議，提出)the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919. Three quarters of China’s energy is         (產(chǎn)生)by burning coal. In 1993, China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and                  (發(fā)電). Unfortunately, burning coal      (導(dǎo)致，引起) serious air pollution and increases             (全球變暖). The dam will generate electricity           (相當(dāng)于)about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.

The reservoir has        (淹沒)2 cities, 11 counties, 140 towns and more than 4,000 villages. More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes. Now they’re                         (過著幸福的新生活)in different areas.

The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and the project has flooded some of China’s most famous                 (歷史遺跡),       (包括)the Qu Yuan Temple, the Han Watchtower and the Moya Cliff carvings. About 800 historical relics have been      (淹沒). Some of them are being          (遷移)and some are being put into museums.

Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to bring about a rapid sale of goods at reasonable prices, so setting up a firm home market and making it possible to provide for export (出口) at good prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps greatly to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it causes an increased need for labour, and is therefore a nice way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television program would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or subway would cost more.

　　And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a promise of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Besides the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament(國會)govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for the public has the good sense not to buy the poor goods more than once. If you see product frequently advertised, it is the proof I know that the product does what is promised for it, and that it has good value.

　　Advertising does more for the good of the public than any other force I can think of.

　　There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television person declared that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was telling us the real difference. Of course advertising tries to persuade.

　　If its message were nothing but information, that would be difficult to get more people to buy, for even the choice of the colour of a shirt is a bit persuasive (有說服力的)--advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television person wants.

By the first sentence of the passage the writer means that ___.

　 A. he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising

　 B. everybody knows well that advertising is a waste of money

　 C. advertising costs more money than everything else

　 D. money on advertising is worth spending

In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?

　 A. Getting greater fame.              B. Providing more jobs.

　 C. Raising living standards.           D. Reducing newspaper cost.

The writer thinks that the well-known TV person is _____.

　 A. quite right in passing his judgment on advertising

　 B. interested in nothing but the buyers' attention

　 C. correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information

　 D. obviously unfair in his views on advertising

In the writer's opinion, ________.

　 A. advertising can seldom bring material interest to man by providing information

　 B. advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over

　 C. there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer

　 D. the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

Global warming is the process of earth’s atmosphere heating up. Over the last 100 years, the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere has gone up 1 Fahrenheit. The weather has not changed exactly the same way in every area of the planet. But scientists think that the rise in average temperature is already affecting the earth’s climate.

Many scientists now believe that global warming is caused by cutting down trees, producing more trash, and polluting the environment which are some of the reasons why the temperature has gone up. Many scientists believe that the biggest causes of global warming are new human technologies that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

The greenhouse effect is not new. Certain gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, making it hard for heat energy to go into space. In the past, the climate didn’t change much because nature produced just the right amount of greenhouse gases to deal with it.

Today, most scientists are pretty sure that the rising temperature can’t be blamed on nature. Ever since the industrial revolution in the 1700s, humans have relied on machines for daily life. And many of those machines give off a lot of greenhouse gases. An increase in the release of greenhouse gases from human activities is throwing nature off balance.

The climate is a very complicated thing, but many scientists agree that the rising atmospheric temperature has already damaged the environment. Sheets of ice, called glaciers, are melting in Antarctica and other parts of the globe. As glaciers break off and melt into the oceans, they are adding warm water to the oceans and causing the sea level to rise.

Over the past 100 years, the sea level has risen 6-8 inches around the world. That means land along the coasts is beginning to disappear under water. Bigger and warmer oceans are also adding to other weather problems caused by pollution in the atmosphere. Some places have received more rain, others have had bigger storms and a few areas in the world have experienced unusual droughts.

1.What is mainly talked about in this passage?

   A. The melting of glaciers.                B. Global warming.

   C. The world’s weather.                     D. The earth’s temperature.

2.What causes global warming according to scientists?

   A. Human activities.                        B. The nature itself.

   C. The earth’s atmosphere.                  D. New discoveries

3.How can greenhouse gases make the globe warm?

   A. They keep heat in the atmosphere.            B. They let the heat go out into space.

   C. They release heat into the air.              D. They can make the other gases warm.

4.From the passage we can see that global warming will bring about _____.

   A. the pollution in the atmosphere              B. natural disasters

   C. population pollution                         D. the rise of glaciers

Research has shown that music has an important effect on one’s body and psyche (心靈). In fact, there is a growing field of health care known as music therapy, which uses music to treat diseases. Even hospitals are beginning to use music therapy. This is not surprising, as music affects the body and mind in many powerful ways.

Research has shown that quick music can make a person feel more alert, while slow music can produce a calm, deep thinking state. Also, research has found that music can change brainwave activity levels. This can help the brain to change speeds more easily on its own as needed, which means that music can bring lasting benefits to your state of mind, even after you’ve stopped listening.

Breathing and heart rates can also be influenced by music. This can mean slower breathing, slower heart rate. This is why music and music therapy can help reduce the damaging effects of long-term stress, greatly promoting (促進(jìn)) not only relaxation, but health.

Music can also be used to bring about a more positive state of mind by helping to keep worries at bay. Music has also been found to bring many other benefits, such as lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of strokes. It is no surprise that so many people are considering music as an important tool to help the body become or stay healthy.

What can we infer about music therapy?

A. It is a type of music.

B. It is a research about music.

C. It is a kind of musical effect on diseases.

D. It is the use of music method to help treat diseases.

The reason why music can help deal with stress is that ________.

A. it is used by many hospitals

B. it can help change brainwaves

C. it does good to breathing and heart rates

D. it can bring a more positive state of mind

According to the passage, music can help deal with all the following EXCEPT ________.

A. nervousness              B. mind illnesses

C. strokes                     D. high blood pressure

The passage is mainly about _________.

A. the importance of music therapy

B. benefits music can bring

C. research on the effect of music

D. diseases music can help heal

完形填空（時間：10分鐘）

Several years ago, well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even __21__ around. His doctor told him that he would lose the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. He was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival.

     Despite the diagnosis(診斷), Cousins was __22__ to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __23__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __24__ of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “Is it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the __25__ to 1ive have positive treatment value?”

    He decided to concentrate on positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would __26__ positive emotions. “Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He __27__ time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out _28__ emotions. Within eight days of starting his ‘‘laugh therapy” program his pain began to __29__ and he was able to sleep more easily. He was able to return to work in a few months’ time and _30__ reached complete recovery after a few years.

21. A. run                    B. pass                         C. move                              D. travel

22. A. able                    B. determined              C. willing                            D. positive

23. A. attitudes             B. beliefs                      C. goals                              D. positions

24. A. shortcoming        B. harm                        C. benefit                                   D. interest

25. A. emotion                     B. pain                        C. fear                                D. will

26. A. bring about         B. set about                  C. put up                             D. make up

27. A. afforded             B. appointed                 C. offered                           D. arranged

28. A. positive                     B. approving                 C. strong                             D. mixed

29. A. escape                B. decrease                   C. shrink                             D. end

30. A. generally            B. especially                 C. actually                           D. presently