懷仁七中九年級英語第二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

        代詞      

代詞是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語和句子的詞.英語中代詞可分為人稱代詞 ,物主代詞 ,反身代詞,相互代詞 ,指示代詞,不定代詞,連接代詞,疑問代詞和關(guān)系代詞.

考點1.人稱代詞

1.      人稱代詞是用來指人或事物的代詞.人稱代詞有人稱,數(shù),格和性別的變化.

人稱

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

主格

賓格

主格

賓格

第一人稱

I

me

we

us

第二人稱

you

you

you

you

第三人稱

He ,she , it

him,her ,it

they

them

2.人稱代詞的用法

(1)人稱代詞的主格在句中一般作主語,賓格一般作賓語,表語.

You are a student.

She will teach us English next term.

Please open the door.It’s me.

(2) it的用法

a.代表前面提到過的事物.

My pen is missing.I can’t find it anywhere.

b.用來指人,主要指嬰兒或身份不明的人.

The woman had a baby.It is ten months old.

Who is knocking at the door?   It’s me.

c.表示時間,距離,天氣,季節(jié)等.

What time is it ? It’s nine.

It was cloudy yesterday.

It’s only half an hour’s walk from here to our school.

It’s summer now.

d.作形式主語或形式賓語.

I found it difficult to learn English at first.

It’s important to protect our environment

3.并列人稱代詞的次序

幾個人稱代詞并列時,一般是第二,第三人稱在前,第一人稱在后,但we除外.

you and I     you ,he and I     he and I

we and you   you and he       we and they

he and she    we, you and they

但在表示承擔(dān)責(zé)任時,通常將第一人稱放在句首.

考點2. 物主代詞

1.      表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞.它又分為形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞.

種類

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

第一人 稱

第二人 稱

第三人稱

第一人 稱

第二人 稱

第三人 稱

形容詞性

my

your

his/her/its

our

your

their

名詞性

mine

yours

His/hers/its

ours

yours

theirs

2.      物主代詞的用法

(1). 形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,放在名詞之前作定語,不能獨立使用.For example: my watch , his father.

(2).名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞,也相當(dāng)于<形容詞性物主代詞+名詞>,可以作主語,賓語或表語,后面不能加名詞.

The desk is mine

My watch is old,but his is new.

You can use my bike.I’ll use hers.

考點3.反身代詞

1.    反身代詞的基本形式

人稱

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

第一人稱

myself

ourselves

第二人稱

yourself

yourselves

第三人稱

himself,herself,itself

themselves

2.    反身代詞的用法

(1).反身代詞作賓語,表示動作的承受者是動作執(zhí)行者本身.

They enjoyed themselves at the party.

(2).反身代詞作主語或賓語的同位語,用來加強語氣.

I myself can work out the problem

=I can work out the problem myself

You can go and ask the teacher himself.

     帶有反身代詞的常用短語。

    teach oneself自學(xué)         help oneself to隨便吃些…吧

    say to oneself自言自語．     learn．．．by oneself自學(xué)…

    enjoy oneself過得愉快       leave one by oneself把某人單獨留下

    hurt oneself傷了自己        dress oneself自己穿衣服

    come to oneself蘇醒過來

考點4.相互代詞

用來表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞.相互代詞有each other和one another,所有格形式是each other’s /one another’s,兩者�？苫�換.

We should help each other.(作賓語)

Do they know each other’s/one another’s friends(作定語)

他們認(rèn)識對方的朋友嗎?

考點5.指示代詞

1.      指示代詞有this,that,these,those,such,same

2.      指示代詞的用法

(1).that和those常用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的人,事,物,以免重復(fù).that可代替可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞;those可代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞.

The spring in Qingdao is much more beautiful than that in Jinan.

His father was ill.That’s why he didn’t come.

The students in our school are more than those in No.5 Middle School.

(2).在打電話時,英語中常用this代替自己,that代替對方.

A: May I speak to Mr Zhang,please?

B: This is Zhang Ming speaking. Who’s that ?

(3)such表示如此這樣的人或事; same表示同樣的人或事,前面必須加the.

I have never seen such a beautiful mountain .

They left for Nanjing on the same day.

Such is our study plan

考點6 不定代詞                                                      

1.不定代詞主要有：each, every,both,all,either,neither,none, one,few

,little,many,much,other,another,some,any,no以及some,any,no和every構(gòu)成的合成詞。

2.不定代詞的用法

（1）some,any,something,anything

①some（修飾或代替單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞）和something多用于肯定句中。

I have something to ask you.

②any（修飾或代替單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞）和anything一般用于否定句,疑問句和條件句中。

Please ask the teacher if you have any questions

③當(dāng)說話人期望得到對方的肯定回答或表示請求建議時，some,something可用于疑問句中，而不用any,anything

Would you like something to drink?

④any,anything也可用于肯定句，any表示“任何……”（用于三者或三者以上），anything表示“任何事、任何東西”

（2）both,neither,either,all,none

①both,neither,either這三個詞都只限于兩者，both表示“兩者都……”用于肯定句，neither同both互為反義詞，表示“兩者都不”，either表示“兩者之中任何一個”（或用于否定句句末，表示“也”）

Both of his parents are workers.

Neither answer is right.

Either day is OK.

He didn’t know the answer ,either.

②all和none互為反義詞，都用于三者或三者以上，all表示“全部，一切”，none表示“沒有任何人或物”，兩者都可修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞。none作主語時，謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。但none后的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞時必須用單數(shù)。

None of us know/knows him.

All the students are here.

③none用于回答how many,how much提問的問題，而no one,nobody常用于回答who提問的問題，nothing常用于what提問的問題

(3)many,much,(a) few, (a) little

many,(a)few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，much (a) little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，a few ,a little表肯定“有幾個，有點”，few ,little表否定“沒多少，很少”

A few of us have been to Qingdao.

He says much,but does little.

Don’t worry.There is a little time left

He has few friends, does he ?

Did you see many people there?

(4)other,another,the other,others,the others,one

①other泛指“另外的或其他的人或物”，常作定語。

Do you have any other question(s)?

②others泛指“另一些人或物”，意思是other ones，可以作主語或賓語.

There are some children in the park.Some are singing and others are dancing.

③another泛指三者或三者以上不定數(shù)目中的“另一個”只可修飾或代替單數(shù)名詞。

I don’t want this one, give me another , please.

④one用來代替前面剛提到的人或物，以免重復(fù)，復(fù)數(shù)形式ones，也可以泛指“人們、任何人”

Do you have a bike? Yes, I have a new one.

⑤the other特指“兩者中的另一個人或物”。常與one對照使用。

I have two pencils.One is short,the other is long.

Shut the other eye, too.

⑥the others特指一定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部“其余的幾個人或物”。

He is cleverer than the others in his class.

注意：1)another+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=基數(shù)詞+more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,another和 more表示“還，再”但當(dāng)基數(shù)詞是one時，名詞要用單數(shù)。

I want one more apple

There are ten more holes to be dug.=There are another ten holes to be dug.

2)one 與it 的區(qū)別：one用于代替同一名稱的另一件東西；it用于代替同一名稱的同一件東西

3）the other day/night意為“幾天前的一天/一個晚上

（5）當(dāng)不定代詞作主語或主語的定語時的主謂一致

①謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)時包含下列不定代詞：

both,many,others,the others,(a) few,all/some

②謂語動詞用單數(shù)時包含下列不定代詞：

either,neither,each,every,one,(a) little,much,all/some、some、every、 no、 any構(gòu)成的合成詞。

Everyone is here. No one is away.

Everything goes well.

③當(dāng)none作主語時，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。

注意：當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾由some,every,no,any構(gòu)成的合成詞時，應(yīng)置于被修飾詞之后。

Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?

Would you like something else ?

考點7 疑問代詞

疑問代詞

意義

功能

示例

who

誰

主語

Who will go with you ?

表語

Who is the girl in red ?

賓語

Who are you looking for?

whom

誰

賓語

Whom are you looking for?

To whom are you talking?

whose

誰的

主語、表語、賓語、定語

My bag is here.Whose is there?

what

什么

What’s your name?

which

哪個（些）

Which man is your father?

what/which

what一般指不定數(shù)目中的“什么；哪一個（些）選擇范圍無限

What would you like to eat?

在一些固定的場合，what也可指一定數(shù)目中的“什么”如四季、周、顏色等

What day of the week do you like best?

What season do you like best?

which指一定數(shù)目中的“哪一個”有一定的選擇范圍

Which do you like better,dogs or cats?

what/who

What可用來提問職業(yè)、人口、價格、年齡、顏色、日期、星期幾、高度和尺寸的大小。

What’s your mother?

What’s your age?

What’s the height of your father?

Who詢問人的關(guān)系、身份等

Who is the woman?