賓語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

賓語從句：從句為陳述句時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞為that.

          從句為一般疑問時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞為 if 或 whether.

          從句為特殊疑問句時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞為原引導(dǎo)詞。

注：（1）賓語從句中從句用陳述句語序。

（2）當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)或祈使句，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用各種時(shí)態(tài)。

（3）當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)，從句用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。

（4）有時(shí)需有人稱上的變化。

例句：He said that he would go to Beijing.

I want to know if / whether he is a worker.

Can you tell me what she said just now?

Exercises:

用所給的單詞將下列句子連成一句。

What is her name?  (I don’t know)

Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know)

What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)

Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)

When did the accident happen? (Please go and find out)

What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know)

Whose box is it on the floor? (I’m not sure)

How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me)

She is a teacher. (I hear)

Does her aunt live in Paris? (I’m not sure)

Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom? (I asked)

Who will come to join us? (Do you know)

My son is having a cold. (she said)

14. Will it rain again tomorrow? (I don’t know)

無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句＋連詞＋賓語從句（主語＋謂語＋……）”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下五種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：

1）連接詞＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：

Excuse me,could you tell me which is the way to restrooms，please？勞駕，能告訴我去洗手間的路是哪一條？

He doesn't know who lives over there ．他不知道誰住那邊

 2）連接詞＋名詞＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：

He asked whose bag this was  ．他問這是誰的書包。

I wonder how much water there is in the glass．我想知道杯里有多少水

 3）連接詞＋主語＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if(一般用于口語) ／whether（與同音詞weather;“天氣”的拼寫區(qū)別,寫在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如：

He couldn’t  decide if he would  buy them．他不能決定是否將買他們。

Could you tell me how I should come up with the problem ？你能告訴我我該怎樣解決這個(gè)問題？

4）連接詞＋名詞＋主語＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：

I don’t know how many books he has？我不知道他有多少本書？

He didn’t understand which book I was looking for．他不明白我在找哪一本書。

5) 連接詞+動(dòng)詞不定式(to+V 動(dòng)詞原形)+... 連接詞可以是關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,what, whose. Which,how long,whom ,who …etc.

Eg:I wonder how to use the computer.我期盼怎樣使用電腦

II．連接詞的使用

1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：

He said that he could finish his work before supper．他說他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。

2）當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：

I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。

但在下列情況下只能用whether：

①在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：

Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來。

I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我們是去還是留。

②在介詞之后用whether。如：

I'm interested in whether he likes English．我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。

③在不定式前用whether。如：

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。

④whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：

Whether this is true or not，I can't say．這是否真的我說不上來。

⑤引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：

Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能來還是個(gè)問題。

The question is whether we can catch the bus．問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。

⑥若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。如：

Please let me know if you like the book．可理解為：

a．Please let me know whether you like the book．請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。

b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。

3）如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會(huì)遲到嗎？

III．時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)

含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：

1）如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：

I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他將何時(shí)回來。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。

2）如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如：

①The children didn't know who he was．孩子們不知道他是誰。

②He asked his father how it happened．他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。

3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

IV．綜合運(yùn)用

if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：

―Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來嗎？

―Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．對(duì)不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了，我將告訴你。

―I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否會(huì)來。

―He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他會(huì)來的。

賓語從句練習(xí)1
( ) 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( ) 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
( ) 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
2
( ) 1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( ) 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( ) 3 I hardly understand.___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 4 She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
( ) 5 I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D.when
( ) 6 Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
( ) 7 He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom B which C who D whose
3
( ) 1.They don't know ______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( ) 2.Please tell me ______what last year.
A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
( ) 3.She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( ) 4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 5 Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
( ) 6 Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing

初中英語賓語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

I. 從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。

1．I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you.

    A. if; Whether      B. whether; Whether     C. if; That       D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.

    A. when does he come    B. how will he come

    C. if he comes       D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?

    A. what     B. how    C. whether     D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?

    A. how did he mend     B. what did he mend

    C. how he mended       D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.

    A. whom is she looking after      B. whom she is looking

    C. whom is she looking              D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?

A. he lives     B. does he live    C. he lived    D. did he live

7. Do you know what time _________?

    A. the train leave    B. does the train leave   

    C. will the train leave    D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?

    A. how the two players are old    B. how old are the two players

    C. the two players are how old    D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.

    A. what is their stockings in      B. what is in their stockings

    C. where is their stockings in    D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.

    A. what does Christmas mean      B. what Christmas does mean

    C. what mean Christmas does      D. what Christmas means

II. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫句子）

    →Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________ living in China?

2. “Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句）

    →He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help.

3. Jim is not a student．Tom is not a student，either.（合并為一個(gè)句子）

    _________ Jim _________ Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句）

    I want to know _________ the train _________.
5. They went home after they had finished their homework.（用not．．．until改寫）

    They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework.
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句）

    Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.

賓語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練參考答案：

I. 1―5DDDCD    6―10ADDBD

II.

1. if／whether; enjoys   2. if／whether; needed  3. Neither; nor

4. when; leaves  5. didn't; until  6. whether; came