1. 與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反

　　1) What type of automobile would you buy ？

　　［A］ if you have free choice to choose the cars available today

　�。跙］ if you are free to choose among all the cars available today

　�。跜］ if all cars available were free to be chosen by you

　�。跠］ if you were free to choose among all the cars available today

　　2. 與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反(有時(shí)主句中的should have done表示責(zé)備或后悔)

　　2) he would have come to class.

　�。跘］ If Mike is able to finish his homework

　　［B］ Would Mike be able to finish his homework

　�。跜］ If Mike could finish his homework

　　［D］ If Mike had been able to finish his homework

　　3) If the United States had not entered the Second World War，probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14％ still further.

　�。跘］ would rise

　�。跙］ would risen

　�。跜］ would have risen

　　［D］ had risen

　　4) Top?grade ［A］ diamonds had not ［B］ increased so sharply ［C］ in value in the late seventies ［D］ if one company had not

controlled almost all of the world’s supply.

　　3. 與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反

5) The report would be

［A］ released last January if new developments had not

［B］ made it necessary to revise all conclusions drawn from

［C］ the first series of

［D］ experiments.

　　6) It is said Tom will go to an appointment tommorrow. If he were to come tomorrow, I ask him to go to your place.

　�。跘］ will

　�。跙］ would

　�。跜］ shall

　�。跠］ might

　　7) If you to see Mary，what would you tell her?

　�。跘］ are

　�。跙］ will be going

　　［C］ must

　�。跠］ were

　　4. 與將來(lái)的事實(shí)可能相反

　　(1) If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 要是萬(wàn)一 明天下雨，我就呆在家里不出去。 事實(shí)上 現(xiàn)在天氣很好，明天下雨的可能性應(yīng)該不大，不過(guò)也說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。

　　(2) If I should see her next Monday, I would tell her about it. 如果下周一我能見(jiàn)到她的話我就把這件事告訴她。

　　1) D為正確答案。

　　2) D為正確答案。

　　3) C為正確答案。

　　4) B錯(cuò)。改為would have not。

　　5) A錯(cuò)。改為would have been。

　　6) B為正確答案。

　　7) D為正確答案。

　　II 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊表現(xiàn)形式

　　1) Violetta has a curious ［A］ expression on ［B］ her face as though she was smiling ［C］ about something that amused her ［D］ .

　　We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry. (我們不敢跟王先生開(kāi)玩笑，恐怕他生氣。)

　　He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the forced match. (他加緊步伐，生怕在急行軍中掉隊(duì)。)

　　Every attention must be paid to him lest he (should) feel that he is inferior to my other guests. (我對(duì)他特別關(guān)照，唯恐他感覺(jué)到比我的其他客人低人一等。)

　　He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加緊學(xué)習(xí)唯恐考試不及格。)

　　He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作，不然他就失敗了。)

　　We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(假設(shè)我們有更有利條件，我們還會(huì)做得更好。)

　　2) But for his help，I .

　�。跘］ should not have succeeded

　�。跙］ had not succeeded

　　［C］ did not succeed

　�。跠］ have not succeeded

　　3) The complex society of a modern ［A］ civilization would be ［B］ impossible not having ［C］ the art of writing ［D］ .

　　4) But that he came to help me, I .

　　［A］ could not have succeeded

　�。跙］ did not succeed

　　［C］ could not succeed

　�。跠］ can’t but succeed

　　If I had a bike(now), I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行車(chē)，昨天早就借給你了。(主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。) I am very sorry if I had done anything wrong to you, but I am sure that it was unintentional.(如果我當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)你作錯(cuò)了什么事，我向你表示抱歉。但我敢保證我不是故意的。)

　　5) If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country so serious.

　�。跘］ wouldn’t be

　�。跙］ will not have been

　�。跜］ wouldn’t have been

　　［D］ would have not been

　　6) If you had not studied the problem carefully until recently .

　�。跘］ you will find any difficulty now

　�。跙］ you would have found any difficulty now

　�。跜］ you would find any difficulty now

　　［D］ you have find any difficulty now

　　五、省略虛擬條件句：虛擬條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是were或should(could, might), had等詞時(shí)，可以省略連詞If, 但要將were或should(could, might), had助動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)前形成句子例裝(參見(jiàn)第十三章“倒裝句”)

　　7) today, he would get there by Thursday.

　�。跘］ He is starting out

　�。跙］ If he starts out

　�。跜］ Would he start out

　　［D］ Were he to start out.

　　8) ，John would not have failed.

　�。跘］ If he has listened to me

　　［B］ Had he listened to me

　�。跜］ If he listened to me

　�。跠］ As soon as he listened to me

　　9) I known it，I should have told him.

　�。跘］ Have

　�。跙］ Had

　�。跜］ Having

　�。跠］ If

　　10) Hadn’t my car broken down，I the train.

　�。跘］ should have caught

　�。跙］ might catch

　　［C］ could catch

　�。跠］ had caught

　　六、例題解析

　　1) C錯(cuò)。 改為were smiling。

　　2) A為正確答案。

　　3) C錯(cuò)。 改為without。

　　4) A為正確答案。

　　5) A為正確答案。

　　6) C為正確答案。

　　7) D為正確答案。

　　8) B為正確答案。

　　9) B為正確答案。此句為had放句首的一種倒裝，相當(dāng)于If I had……

　　10) A為正確答案。

　　III 從句中須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況

　　1. 動(dòng)詞wish后跟由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that經(jīng)常被省略)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示一種不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。賓語(yǔ)從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用were的形式)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去相反

　　She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的錢(qián)。) / I wish I didn't say that. (要是我不說(shuō)這件事就好了。) / I wished I were not so worried. Then I would not have had the accident. ( 我要是不那么憂郁就好了，那也就不會(huì)發(fā)生那場(chǎng)事故了。)

　　1) I wish I knew ［A］ you were arriving ［B］ today. I would have met ［C］ you at ［D］ the station if I had.

　　2) She wishes that we didn’t send ［A］ her the candy ［B］ yesterday because ［C］ she’s on ［D］ a diet.

　　3) My brother is in ［A］ California on ［B］ vacation，but I wish he was ［C］ here so that he could help me repair my car ［D］ .

　　2. 當(dāng)wish的賓語(yǔ)從句表示一種愿望、要求時(shí)，可用過(guò)去時(shí)，也可用would＋動(dòng)詞原形

　　I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在這兒多呆一會(huì)。) / She wishes you wouldn't go. (她希望你不要走。)

　　3. would rather(寧愿),would sooner(寧愿), had rather(寧愿) 等詞或短語(yǔ)后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去相反的也可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　4) I’d rather you anything about it for the time being.

　　［A］ do

　�。跙］ didn’t do

　　［C］ don’t

　�。跠］ didn’t

　　5) I rather you did it.

　　［A］ had

　�。跙］ should

　　［C］ shall

　�。跠］ have

　　6) I much rather it was forgotten.

　�。跘］ will

　　［B］ could

　�。跜］ would

　�。跠］ shall

　　1. 下列動(dòng)詞后“that”引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　suggest(建議)， propose (提議)， recommend(建議)， move (提議)， advise(建議)， insist(堅(jiān)持)， urge(極力主張)， ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算)， prefer(寧愿)， urge(敦促)。

　　7) The chairman requested that .

　�。跘］ the members studied more carefully the problem

　�。跙］ the problem was more carefulnessly studied

　　［C］ with more carefulness the problem could be studied

　�。跠］ the members study the problem more carefully

　　8) The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting.

　�。跘］ would be discussed

　�。跙］ will be discussed

　�。跜］ be discussed

　�。跠］ may be discussed

　　9) The doctor insisted that his patient .

　　［A］ that he not work too hard for three months

　�。跙］ take it easy for three months

　�。跜］ taking it easy inside of three months

　　［D］ to take some vacations for three months

　　When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ” (當(dāng)我建議他用刮胡膏時(shí)，他說(shuō)“剃刀和水就行了”。)

　　He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他費(fèi)了幾天功夫?qū)ふ依碚摳鶕?jù)，直到我建議拆開(kāi)看看它是如何轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的。)

　　One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English?speaking country. (我們建議學(xué)生應(yīng)在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家呆上兩三年。)

　　2. 下列表示主張、要求、命令、愿望、建議等概念結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句或邏輯上的主從結(jié)構(gòu)(如下列形容詞作賓語(yǔ)從句的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句一般用it來(lái)代替)：這時(shí)that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形”或省略should，只用動(dòng)詞原形　it is necessary 【 essential (重要的)， vital(極重要的，不可缺少的)，important,imperative(必須的)，urgent(緊要的)，advisable(應(yīng)該的)，proper(適當(dāng)?shù)?，obligatory (必須的)，desirable(今人滿意的，值得的)，appropriate(合適的)，fitting (合適的), strange (奇怪)】that…； it is(was, has been) desired 【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】 that … .

　　10) From the standpoint of the long?term strategic interest of the West it is imperative that .

　�。跘］ their territorial unity being a safeguard

　　［B］ their unity is a territorial safeguard

　�。跜］ they’re a territorial safeguard

　�。跠］ their territorial unity be a safeguard

　　11) The irritable ［A］ sergeant was ［B］ insistent that nothing supersedes ［C］ the drilling(訓(xùn)練) of the forty new men ［D］ .

　　12) It is extremely ［A］ necessary that you will realize ［B］ that reading is not only ［C］ a physical ［D］ and metal process.

　　3. 下列表示主張、要求、命令等概念的名詞后面可以跟接“that”引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。這種由that引導(dǎo)的從句其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用should＋動(dòng)詞原形

或省略should。這類(lèi)詞有：order, request, requiremetn, insistence，suggestion, command, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提議)，

proposal(建議)，recommendation(建議)，understanding(協(xié)議), resolution(決定，決議)

　　13) The judge assented to the suggestion that .

　�。跘］ both of the criminals will soon be set freedom

　�。跙］ some of the criminals there are of guilt only

　　［C］ the girl was to be paroled in the custody of a welfare society

　�。跠］ the prisoner be sentenced to death

　　4. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問(wèn)形式后的賓語(yǔ)從句，我們經(jīng)常用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形(或完成形式)”，表示驚奇，懷疑，不滿等

　　I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我們從來(lái)沒(méi)想到他是個(gè)如此勇敢的小戰(zhàn)士。

　　14) that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran，they would be faced by a large army?

　　［A］ It is believed

　�。跙］ Should they believe

　　［C］ They would believe

　�。跠］ If they would believe

　　15) I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.

　　［A］ will leave

　�。跙］ may leave

　　［C］ leave

　�。跠］ leaves

　　5. 另外，在“開(kāi)放式條件句”(open conditional clause)和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中should是被省略了的。在這種情況下，如果if省略，動(dòng)詞be與主語(yǔ)的位置要倒裝

　　If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有權(quán)起訴。)

　　Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)，我都會(huì)支持她的。)

　　16) ,I will take her as my wife.

　�。跘］ Were she rich or poor

　　［B］ Being rich or poor

　�。跜］ Be she poor or rich

　�。跠］ Whether is she poor or rich

　　但如果把引導(dǎo)詞去掉，我們就要用倒裝句，如上述幾句可變?yōu)?/p>

　　Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.

　　Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.

　　It is high time that you went home. (你們現(xiàn)在必須回家了。)

　　It is high time that this wrong spending .

　�。跘］ checks

　　［B］ checked

　�。跜］ was checked

　　［D］ is to check

　　答案： C。

　　此外，還有省去了結(jié)果主句的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)，一般表示愿望，如： If only I were five years younger! (要是能年輕5歲就好了。) / If only she had never

been married. (要是她從沒(méi)有結(jié)婚就好了。)

　　1) A錯(cuò)。改為had known。第二句的條件從句(if I had)其實(shí)是省略句，完整的句子應(yīng)為if I had known you were arriving today，所以A處為had known。

　　2) A錯(cuò)。改為hadn’t sent。

　　3) C錯(cuò)。改為were。

　　4) B為正確答案。

　　5) A為正確答案。

　　6) C為正確答案。

　　7) D 為正確答案。

　　8) C為正確答案。

　　9) B為正確答案。

　　10) D為正確答案。

　　11) C錯(cuò)。改為(should) supersede。

　　12) B錯(cuò)。改為realize。

　　13) D為正確答案。

　　14) B 為正確答案。

　　15) C 為正確答案。

　　16) C為正確答案。

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣是以動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)說(shuō)明句中所敘述的內(nèi)容不是事實(shí)，或是不可能發(fā)生的事情，而是一種愿望、建議或是與事實(shí)相反的一種假設(shè)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通常出現(xiàn)在各種主從復(fù)合句中。

　　1．當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“suggest，propose，advise，insist，order，demand，require，request， desire’’等表示“建議”、“命令”、“請(qǐng)求”和“要求”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中 should省略)。例如：

　　I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight．我建議我們今晚開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)。

　　We advise that steps(should)be taken at once．我們建議要立刻采取措施。

　　They insisted that he(should)begin the work at once．他們堅(jiān)持讓他立刻開(kāi)始工作。

　　He ordered that aU(should)take part in the work．他下令所有的人都要參加這項(xiàng)工作。

　　另外，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞為“ask，move，urse”等意為 “要求”、 “提議”和“極力主張”時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句也常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：

　　He asked that he be given an opportunity to try．他要求給他一個(gè)嘗試的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　I move that the money be used for books． 我提議把這筆錢(qián)用于買(mǎi)書(shū)。

　　They urged that we take action on this matter immediately．他們極力主張我們對(duì)這件事立即采取行動(dòng)。

　　2．當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞為wish，表示“但愿……”，“要是……該多好叼”之意時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句有以下三種虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。

　　①動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式來(lái)說(shuō)明與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反(BE動(dòng)詞常用were，但有時(shí)也可用was)。例如：

　　1 wish 1 were／Was as strong as you．我要是像你一樣強(qiáng)壯就好了。

　　1 wish l remembered his address．我要是記住他的地址就好了。

　　有時(shí)；為了強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)下能發(fā)生某種情況或進(jìn)行某項(xiàng)動(dòng)作，從句中的動(dòng)詞也可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行式。例如：

　　1 wish it wasn’t raining．要是天不下雨就好了。

　�、趧�(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成式說(shuō)明與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反。例如：

　　We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation．我們以前要是能更注意我們的發(fā)音就好了。

　　He wished he had stayed at home。他但愿他呆在了家里。

　�、矍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞“would，could，might”等后接動(dòng)詞原形，表示對(duì)將來(lái)的希望(通常不用should)。例如：

　　1 wish he would try again．我希望他再試一下。

　　We wish he could come．我們希望他能來(lái)。

　　3．在prefer之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。例如：

　　We prefer that the plan(should)be fully discussed before being put into execution．我們希望在計(jì)劃實(shí)施之前進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的討論。

　　4．在would rather之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，其動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示句子的主語(yǔ)(某人)寧愿讓另一人做某事。

　�、儆脛�(dòng)詞過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?lái)要做的事。例如：

　　I’d rather you went home now．我寧愿讓你現(xiàn)在就回家。

　　Don’t come tomorrow．I’d rather you came nextweekend．明天別來(lái)，我寧愿你下個(gè)周末來(lái)。

　　一Shall l open a window?我開(kāi)窗行嗎？ 一I’d rather you didn’t．你最好別開(kāi)。

　�、谟脛�(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。

　　例如：

　　I’d rather you hadn’t done that．我真希望(寧愿)你沒(méi)做過(guò)那件事。

　　1．在句型“h is／was+過(guò)去分詞+that從句”中，當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞為“suggested，ordered，desired，insisted， required，demanded，requested，decided，

proposed，urged’’等時(shí)，從句中要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。例如：

　　h is desired that everyone(should)get erything ready bY toniShL要求每一個(gè)人在今晚之前要將一切準(zhǔn)備好。

　　It is requested that Miss Zhang(should) give a performance at the party．請(qǐng)求張小姐在晚會(huì)上表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。

　　2．在句型“h is／Was+形容詞+that從句”中，當(dāng)形容詞為“important,necessary，strange，natural’’等時(shí)，從句中要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(should可

省略)。例如：

　　It is important and necessary that we should master a foreign language．掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的和必要的。

　　It is strange that he (should) refuse your help．他竟然拒絕你們的幫助，真奇怪。

　　3．在句型“h is／was+名詞+that從句” 中，當(dāng)名詞為“a pity，a shame，no wonder’等時(shí)，從句中要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。例如：

　　It is a great pity that he should be sO selfish。真遺憾，他竟然那么自私。

　　在名詞“suggestion,proposal,idea,plan，order,advice’’等后面的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中，用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。例如：

　　I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week．我提出了我們下個(gè)星期開(kāi)會(huì)的建議。(同位語(yǔ)從句)

　　His suggestion that the meeting(shoald)be held in this room has been accepted．他的關(guān)于在這個(gè)房間召開(kāi)會(huì)議的建議被采納了。(同位語(yǔ)從句)

　　My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference．我的想法是我們多找些人來(lái)參加會(huì)議。(表語(yǔ)從句)

　　在句型“h is(high)time+(that)從句”中，謂語(yǔ)須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?lái)的意念，意為“現(xiàn)在是該做某事的時(shí)候了”。

　　例如：

　　h iS(hieh)time(that)we went home．我們?cè)摶丶伊恕?/p>

　　五、在狀語(yǔ)從句中

　　1．在假設(shè)條件句的if條件從句中

　　假設(shè)條件句一般是由“if引導(dǎo)的條件從句+主句”構(gòu)成。if從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式。if從句的假設(shè)可以是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件或者與將來(lái)不太可能成為事實(shí)的條件。下面分述表示這三種條件的if從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：

　�、倥c現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“If+主語(yǔ)+were／謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式”。例如：

　　If 1 were you，I shouldn’t do that．如果我是你，就不會(huì)做那件事了。

　　We would gO with you if we had time．如果我們有時(shí)間的話，就和你一道去了。

　　We could ask him if he were here．如果他在這兒，我們就可以問(wèn)他了。

　　②與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“If十主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成式”。例如：

　　If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it如果昨天他見(jiàn)到你，他就會(huì)問(wèn)你那件事了。

　　If you had come earlier，you would have met him．如果你早點(diǎn)兒來(lái)，就會(huì)遇到他了。

　　1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number．如果我知道你的電話號(hào)碼，就打電話給你了。

　�、郾硎緦�來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式／were to+動(dòng)詞原形／should+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：

　　If he came tomorrow,he would find me in the schoo1．如果他明天來(lái)的話，會(huì)在學(xué)校找到我。

　　If it should rain，the crops would be saved．如果下雨，莊稼就有救了。

　　If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out．如果明天下雪，他們就不出去了。

　　注：在if從句中，如果含有“were，should，had’’時(shí)，可省去if而將“were，should，had’’置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝句。例如：

　　Were l in your position，1 would go．如果我處在你的位子上，我就走了。

　　Had you arrived five minutes earlier，you could have seen them off．如果你早到五分鐘，

　　你就可以給他們送行了。

　　Should he come，tell him to ring me up．如果他來(lái)的話，叫他打電話給我。

　　2．在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中

　�、僭谟蒷est

　　和in case等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，用“should+動(dòng)詞原形” (should可省略)。例如：

　　He ran away lest he(should)be seen．他跑走了，以免被人看到。

　　She explained again and again in case he (should)misunderstand her．她解釋了一遍又一遍，以免他誤解她。

　　in case等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。此時(shí)，從句表示的就是真實(shí)情況，而不是虛擬情況。例如：

　　Take warm clothes in case the weather iS cold．帶上厚衣服，以防天氣變冷。

　�、谠谟伞皊o that…”和“in order that…”

　　引導(dǎo)的目的從句中，要用“can／could／may／might／would+動(dòng)詞原形”，以表示目的并非事實(shí)。例如：

　　She stayed at home for a few days sO that

　　she might／could take care of her sick mother． 她在家呆了幾天，以便照顧她生病的母親。

　　③在由“for fear that…”引導(dǎo)的從句中，用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(有時(shí)也可用may／might／would)。例如：

　　He worked hard for fear that he should fail．他努力學(xué)習(xí)，害怕考試不及格。

　　3．在方式狀語(yǔ)從句中

　　由as if和as though等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句所表達(dá)的情況是虛擬的，則①常用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式來(lái)表示與現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時(shí)的情況相反；如果是BE動(dòng)詞，則用were；②常用過(guò)去完成式來(lái)表示與過(guò)去的情況相反。例如：

　　She loves the child as if he were her own．她愛(ài)這孩子就好像是她親生的。

　　(實(shí)際上不是她親生的孩子)

　　Holding his head high，he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn’t exist．他昂著頭從旗桿和衛(wèi)兵身旁走過(guò)，就像他們不存在似的。(實(shí)際上他們是存在的)

　　He speaks English as well as if he had studied in England．他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得這么好，好像他去英國(guó)學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)似的。(實(shí)際上他沒(méi)有在英國(guó)學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ))

　　4．在原因狀語(yǔ)從句中

　　I’m sorry that he should be in such poor health．他的身體這么差讓我很難過(guò)。

　　We were surprised that she should be so stubbom．她這么固執(zhí)讓我們感到奇怪。

　　上述句子有時(shí)也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣，但這僅表示所敘述的是事實(shí)，而不表示講話人的情緒。