Whether we’re 2 years old or 62, our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. But a growing body of research is raising questions about how a child’s lie is different from an adult’s lie, and how the way we deceive changes as we grow.
“Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,” says Dr. Lee, a professor at the University of Toronto and director of the Institute of Child Study. He has spent the last 15 years studying how lying changes as kids get older, why some people lie more than others as well as which factors can reduce lying. The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage. Dr. Lee conducted a series of studies in which they bring children into a lab with hidden cameras. Children and young adults aged 2 to 17 are likely to lie while being told not to look at a toy, which is put behind the child’s back. Whether or not the child takes a secret look is caught on tape.
For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test-giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.
Researchers have found that it’s kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That’s because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie — and lie successfully  — is thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called “executive functioning”, or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more.
小題1:What’s the purpose of children telling lies?
A．To help their friends out.
B．To get rid of trouble.
C．To get attention from others.
D．To create a popular image.
小題2:The underlined word “deceive” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “      ”.
A．tell liesB．handle troubles
C．raise questions D．do research
小題3:From the second paragraph we can know that       .
A．which factors can reduce lying
B．why some lie more than others
C．it is normal for kids to tell lies
D．how lying changes as kids grow
小題4:It can be inferred from the passage that        .
A．children’s lies are the same as adults’
B．the better kids are, the more they lie
C．the older kids are, the more they lie
D．kids always keep the truth in their mind
小題5:What is NOT included in the passage?
A．The reasons why kids tell lies.
B．Which kind of kids tells more lies.
C．Experiments about lying of young kids.
D．What to do with lying children.

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:C
小題5:D    

小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第一段our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others.我們?nèi)鲋e的原因大都一樣：為了擺脫麻煩、得到好處或者是為了讓我們?cè)趧e人眼里變得更好�？芍鸢�。
小題2:詞義理解題。結(jié)合整句話的含義：“不過越來越多的研究正在提出這樣的疑問：孩子的謊言和大人們的謊言有何不同；隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們的撒謊行為會(huì)發(fā)生何種變化”可知deceive應(yīng)是“說謊”的意思。
小題3:推理判斷題。結(jié)合The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage�！昂⒆诱f謊標(biāo)志著他們到達(dá)了一個(gè)新的發(fā)展階段。”可知C項(xiàng)正確。
小題4:推理判斷題。結(jié)合At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show（在兩歲的孩子里，大約有四分之一的人會(huì)撒謊說他們沒有看過。三歲的孩子有一半會(huì)說謊，而到了四歲，這個(gè)數(shù)字是90%。）可知C項(xiàng)正確。
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章主要講述了孩子說謊的原因、那些孩子說謊多及關(guān)于孩子說謊的實(shí)驗(yàn)而D項(xiàng)文章沒有提到。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

As a child, I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost; these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.
Maybe it was the strange  26  things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that 27  me so much. There was never total  28 , but a streetlight or passing car lights  29   clothes hung over a chair take on(呈現(xiàn)) the  30  of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my 31 , I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no  32 . A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder than in the daylight. My  33  would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would  34  very still so that the “enemy” would not discover me.
Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost,  35 on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home .That was no  36 . After school, 37 , when all the buses were  38  up along the street, I was afraid that I’d get on the wrong one and be taken to some  39  neighborhood. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn’t let the leaders out of my 40 .
Perhaps one of the worst fears  41  all I had as a child was that of not being liked or  42  by others. Being popular was so important to me  43 , and the fear of not being liked was a 44  one.
One of the processes(過程) of growing up is being able to  45  and overcome(克服) our fears. Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.
小題1:
A．wayB．timeC．placeD．reason
小題2:
A．woundedB．destroyedC．surprisedD．frightened
小題3:
A．quietnessB．darknessC．emptinessD．loneliness
小題4:
A．gotB．forcedC．madeD．caused
小題5:
A．spiritB．heightC．bodyD．shape
小題6:
A．eyeB．windowC．mouthD．door
小題7:
A．breathB．windC．a(chǎn)irD．sound
小題8:
A．beliefB．feelingC．imaginationD．doubt
小題9:
A．layB．hideC．restD．lie
小題10:
A．especiallyB．simplyC．probablyD．directly
小題11:
A．discussionB．problemC．jokeD．matter
小題12:
A．howeverB．yetC．a(chǎn)lthoughD．still
小題13:
A．calledB．backedC．linedD．packed
小題14:
A．oldB．crowdedC．poorD．unfamiliar
小題15:
A．sightB．mindC．orderD．task
小題16:
A．a(chǎn)boveB．inC．ofD．a(chǎn)t
小題17:
A．protectedB．guidedC．believedD．a(chǎn)ccepted
小題18:
A．thenB．thereC．onceD．a(chǎn)nyway
小題19:
A．strictB．powerfulC．heavyD．right
小題20:
A．formB．rememberC．recognizeD．recover

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It is that time of the year when the warm, late Summer days meet the cold, early Autumn nights. The skies on days like these are bright and clear. The air is cool, fresh, and full of the smell of wild flowers. The leaves on the trees are dark green but with splashes of red appearing here and there. It is a really beautiful time of the year. Every where and in everything you can see change.
Birds are starting to migrate. Children are getting ready for another school year. People are looking back on the fun days of Summer and forward to the busy days of Fall.
It is days like these that remind me that while seasons, weather, and nature's colors may change it is all beautiful and it is all joyful. And I am changing too.
My thick wavy hair is now pretty thin on top. Its dark brown color is now getting some gray sprinkled(散落)in it. The smile lines around my eyes and mouth are deeper now and stay with me even when I stop smiling. My glasses continue to get thicker with each new pair and the music I love is now referred to as "oldies". Still, I feel so happy and joyful in my life. I am grateful for my younger years because they taught me so much.
What I have learned and experienced has gotten me to where I am today. I am grateful for my present because now is where I live and now is where I love. I feel happiness in every moment that God has given me, and I take great delight in all the changes life brings. Life is a never ending journey of change and growth. Life's changes never stop but neither does life's joy.
小題1:The author describes the sceneryin the first paragraph in order to ______ .
A．tell the time of story’s taking place
B．tell the joy of season’s changing
C．show the impressive beauty of nature
D．set off the author’s delighted feeling
小題2:From this passage we can learn _____.
A．the author is not young any longer at present
B．the season the author describes is the meet of late autumn and early winter
C．the author is a person who used to love music
D．the author doesn’t hope life has changed so much
小題3:The underlined part in the last paragraph probably means ______.
A．present life is well worth treasuring
B．he is satisfied with where he lives now
C．present life isn’t changing
D．the world is filled with love everywhere
小題4:From the passage we can see the author’s attitude to life is full of ______.
A．excitementB．a(chǎn)ppreciationC．compassionD．complaint
小題5:The best title of this passage is ______.
A．My lifeB．My pastC．I love lifeD．Life's changes

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What kind of job do you want to do in the future ? One that earns the most money or one that gives you the highest social position? What about a job that makes you feel happy? Surprisingly, these three things do not always go together in the job world .
According to a general social survey by the National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago in the US, the ten happiest jobs are not those with better pay or higher social position. They are ordinary jobs.
But what is it that makes a “happy” job?
Researchers found that people are happier when they feel they are doing something worthwhile. Six of the top ten happiest jobs are based heavily on helping others, such as firefighters, teachers, and physical therapists(理療師 ).
Being able to express oneself is also important for people to feel satisfied . Take authors as an example. Their pay is “ridiculously low or non-existent”, but “the freedom of writing down the contents of your own mind leads to happiness ,”wrote business author Steve Denning on his blog on Forbes.com.
These jobs are greatly different to the top ten “hated jobs”, according a website survey earlier this year. Director of information technology, sales manager, technical specialist and others that are generally considered respectable jobs are on the list.
Todd May from The New York Times didn’t find the results strange. He argued that
“ a meaningful life must, in some sense then , make people feel worthwhile”. If a person doesn’t participate in the causes “ that are generally regarded as worthy, like feeding and clothing the poor, their life will lack meaning ,”he said . Work takes up the greater part of most people’s  lives . It’s no wonder that the people with the most worthwhile jobs are the happiest of all.
However, it’s important to remember that these two surveys are broad ones and that it doesn’t matter whether your dream job is on the two lists. Now it is the time to think about the future . After all, something that satisfies your mind will always bring you happiness.
小題1:According to the passage , which of the following is probably a happy job?
A．A marketing managerB． An engineer of IT
C．A teacher of artD． A technical expert
小題2:Steve Denning thinks that being an author is happy mainly because authors_____.
A．a(chǎn)re helpful to others
B．can be free to express themselves
C．earn much money
D．a(chǎn)re considered respectable
小題3:From the passage we learn that_________.
A．the more you earn , the happier you are
B．respectable jobs are happy jobs
C．the higher your social position is , the happier you are
D．most happy jobs are related to helping others
小題4:In the last paragraph the author stresses that_________.
A．your future job should be one that makes you happy
B．your dream jobs should be based on the two surveys
C．the two surveys are of great importance
D．it won’t be easy to find a job in the future

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dolphins are interesting animals and researchers find them interesting to watch. They don’t have hands, but can use tools to solve problems, just like us. Scientists have observed a dolphin trying to get a shy eel(鱔魚) to come out of its hole by poking(捅)it with a dead fish. Many species of dolphin live in large societies. They have many different relationships and need a good communication system; they use a variety of sounds to communicate with each other.
There is currently no evidence that dolphins have a language of their own. But scientists still have a lot to find out about these animals and so there are certain to be a few surprises in the future.
At Kewalo Basin Marine Laboratory in Hawaii, the dolphin team have developed a sign langue to communicate with the dolphins, and the results are amazing. Not only do the dolphins understand the meaning of individual words, they also understand the significance of word order in a sentence. For example, when they were asked to ‘touch the ball with your tail and then jump over it’ they generally responded correctly and straight away, which showed that they understood the langue.
Most mammals seem to enjoy play—but dolphins seems to like making their games as challenging as possible. On a beautiful day in 1997, researchers working at a beach, off the southern coast of Brazil, observed a little dog going into the sea and swimming towards the dolphins. To their surprise, the dolphins approached the dog and then started throwing it into the air. The dog seemed to enjoy the ‘game’ and continued playing with the dolphins for more than an hour. From then on, different dogs were seem trying to interact with the dolphins.
Dolphins live in a very different world to ourselves, but they are very good at our ‘intelligence tests’. For example, they will jump out of the water when they hear a whistle noise. They do this because they will get a fish as a reward. There is still much to learn about these flexible(靈活的)problem-solvers, but from the evidence so far, it would seem as though dolphins are very intelligent.
小題1:To get a shy eel to come out of its hole , a dolphin would poke it with____.
A．a(chǎn) toolB．its tailC．a(chǎn) dead fishD．its mouth
小題2:At a laboratory in Hawaii, the dolphin team have developed a ____ to communicate with the dolphins.
A．variety of soundsB．sign language
C．special word orderD．dolphin’s language
小題3:Dolphins not only understand the meaning of individual words, they also understand the importance of ______ in a sentence.
A．the subjectB．the verbsC．the main structureD．word order
小題4:When they play, dolphins seems to like making their games as ______ as possible.
A．difficultB．easyC．interestingD．relaxing
小題5:Dolphins will jump out of the water when they hear a whistle noise in order to _______.
A．watch peopleB．breathe fresh air
C．enjoy themselvesD．get some food

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Is this a car? Is it a smart phone? Is it a gaming machine?
Yes to all three. The Toyota Fun-Vii is a pleasure palace on wheels.
If Toyota has its way, paint jobs could become a thing
of the past, because it has introduced an amazing car that can
change its whole look in an instant.
The Vii in Fun-Vii, which stands for “Vehicle, Interactive,
Internet” It is a small three-seater car that looks like a smart phone, so it is called a smart phone on wheels．Inside and out, most aspects of the car can interact（互相作用） with the internet and be controlled by a smart phone．The magical car allows the owners to download pictures from their phones onto the outside, so that the look of the car could be changed instantly．The color inside could also be changed to reflect the owner's mood．Just as the company president Akio Toyoda said, "A car must appeal to our emotions．If it's not fun, it's not a car．"
Its outside and inside are not made of solid paint but touch screens that can display pictures and videos．A network update function downloads all the latest software to make sure the car is always up-to-date, and it can provide the latest entertainment as well as information about its surroundings to the driver．As you drive around, the thoughtful car allows you to communicate with your friends in the nearby cars．It also helps you find your way from one place to another． It's all because the car is networked with all the other cars on the road and drives itself． The smart car is a practical, family sized vehicle fuelled by hydrogen, and it is one of the futuristic concept cars under the theme of "fun to drive, again"．It heralds （預(yù)示） a not-too-distant future where people, cars and society are linked．
小題1:Which of the following may not be a key word for the concept car?
A．Fun．B．Interactive．C．High-speed．D．Smart．
小題2:According to the text, Toyota Fun-Vii is _____．
A．a(chǎn) new concept car not powered by gas
B．a(chǎn)n amazing car without any pollution
C．the latest software from network
D．a(chǎn) gaming machine with high speed
小題3:The owners of the Fun-Vii can reflect their mood by _____．
A．downloading images to change the outside
B．interacting with computers while driving
C．changing the color inside the car
D．changing the speed of the car
小題4:What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A．The ways of driving the Fun-vii.
B．How can you find your way in the Fun-Vii．
C．The unusual look of the Fun-Vii．
D．The new functions of the Fun-Vii．
小題5:We can infer from the text that the Fun-Vii _____．
A．will finally replace all the present cars
B．will completely solve the problem of energy shortage
C．will make car paint industry face a difficult situation
D．will take the place of a smart phone

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Can you understand the beginning of this article?
“My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & 3 kds FTF.”
The Scottish teacher who received it in class had no idea what the girl who wrote it meant. The essay was written in a form of English used in cell phone text messages. Text messages (also called SMS2) through cell phones became very popular in the late 1990s. At first, mobile phone companies thought that text messaging would be a good way to send messages to customers, but customers quickly began to use the text messaging service to send messages to each other. Teenagers in particular enjoyed using text messaging, and they began to create a new language for messages called texting.
A text message is limited to 160 characters, including letters, spaces, and numbers, so messages must be kept short. In addition, typing on the small keypad of a cell phone is difficult, so it’s common to make words shorter. In texting, a single letter or number can represent a word, like “r” for “are,” “u” for “you,” and “2” for “to.” Several letters can also represent a phrase, like “l(fā)ol” for “l(fā)aughing out loud.” Another characteristic of texting is the leaving out of letters in a word, like spelling “please” as “pls.”
Some parents and teachers worry that texting will make children bad spellers and bad writers. The student who wrote the essay at the top of this page said writing that way was more comfortable for her. (The essay said, “My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three kids face to face.”)
Not everyone agrees that texting is a bad thing. Some experts say languages always evolve, and this is just another way for English to change. Other people believe texting will disappear soon. New technology for voice messages may soon make text messages a thing of the past.
小題1:What is the writer’s opinion of text messaging? 
A．It is fun and easy to do.
B．It is not bad for children.
C．It will make children bad writers.
D．The writer does not give an opinion.
小題2:Which way of texting is NOT described in the passage?
A．Using phrases to represent essays
B．Using numbers to represent words
C．Using letters to represent phrases
D．Using letters to represent words
小題3:Which of the following was most probably the title of the student’s essay?
A．My Gr8 TchrB．CU in LAC．My GFD．My Smmr Hols
小題4:Why do some people think that texting is bad?
A．It has been replaced by voice message
B．It’s too difficult to type.
C．Teenagers won’t learn to write correctly.
D．It’s not comfortable.
小題5:Why aren’t some people worried about the effect of texting?
A．Not many people use texting.
B．Spelling in English is too difficult.
C．Teenagers quickly become bored with texting.
D．Texting will disappear because of new technology.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Superman, Spider-Man, Batman and Iron Man ... .There is no shortage of superheroes. You find them in comic books, on the TV and the big screen.
In a survey of fans by the sci-fi and fantasy website, SFX.co.uk, Batman, 70 years old this year, was voted Britain's favorite superhero.
Unlike many crime-fighting superheroes Batman has no special powers. He can't fly like Superman or shoot a sticky web like Spider-Man.
Bruce Wayne is born to a wealthy Gotham City business family. However, when his parents are murdered his life changes completely.
Wayne feels anger at their deaths and guilty that he did not prevent them. He travels around the world learning how to fight. Upon returning to Gotham, he creates a disguise (偽裝) to enable him to fight crime without being recognized.
A childhood fear of bats leads him to choose to dress as one. His idea is that through the bat person he can prove to himself that he has overcome his childhood fears.
Wayne is the CEO of the company he inherits (繼承) from his father. He seems to live the lifestyle of a millionaire playboy. But this is a ruse (計(jì)策). He works hard at the image to allow himself the freedom he needs to do his work as a crime fighter. "Bruce Wayne, playboy" is the disguise Batman is the real person.
"Wayne is not a born superhero. Instead, he is a real, complex person," said Dace Golder, editor of the website. "He is the most realistic of all the superheroes. I am particularly interested in the emotional process by which a boy becomes a hero. His superhero qualities come from within."
小題1:What is the article mainly about?  
A．How Bruce Wayne develops into a superhero.
B．How to overcome childhood fears.
C．What makes a superhero.
D．Why superheroes enjoy great popularity in Britain.
小題2:Bruce Wayne decides to dress like a bat because of ______ .
A．his curiosity about bats B．his childhood fear of bats
C．his parents' sudden death D．his unusual travel experiences
小題3:Why does Wayne live like a playboy?
A．He prefers the lifestyle of a playboy.
B．He doesn't know how to run a company.
C．He loves freedom more than anything else.
D．He needs to disguise his crime fighting activities.
小題4:Which of the following statements is true about Batman? 
A．Batman is a born superhero
B．He has special powers
C．The turning point of his life is due to his parents' sudden death
D．He actually lives the lifestyle of a millionaire playboy

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


One day, when old Jacob and little Jacoble were walking home, the sun began to go down. Old Jacob was thinking of his house and little Jacoble didn’t know what to think. Then he thought of a wonderful idea, and he cried, “Jacob! Do you know what I saw yesterday? I saw a green rabbit. It was flying in the air and it was so big, even bigger than an elephant!”
“You saw that with your own eyes?” asked old Jacob. “Of course I did,” said Jacoble proudly. “It’s a good thing that you really saw that big, flying, green rabbit,” said old Jacob, “because that old bridge we are going to walk over is a very strange one. As soon as anyone who hasn’t told the truth comes on it, the bridge breaks in two.” They continued walking.
“Jacob,” said Jacoble a little later, “you know that big, green, flying rabbit I saw yesterday ... Well, it wasn’t really flying, and ... it wasn’t quite as big as an elephant ... but it was very big, about the size of a horse!” “Big as a horse?” asked Jacob as they got closer to the bridge and little Jacoble began not to feel so well.
“Jacob,” said Jacoble. “That big, green rabbit I saw yesterday, well, I had something in my eye and so I couldn’t see that well. It wasn’t a very big rabbit but it was green. Yes, that’s what it was — all green!”
Old Jacob didn’t say a word. He just walked over the bridge. But Jacoble didn’t go after him because he was afraid and he knew why he was afraid. He stood at the bridge and said, “Oh, Jacob! You know that rabbit I saw yesterday. It wasn’t green. No. It was just a little, brown rabbit.”
Then he was not afraid of anything any more and he ran happily over the bridge.
小題1:We know from the text that the story happened ______.
A．in the morningB．in the afternoonC．a(chǎn)t dusk (黃昏) D．a(chǎn)t midnight
小題2:Jacob considered Jacoble’s story ______.
A．humorousB．interestingC．frightening D．unbelievable
小題3:Why did little Jacoble change his story again and again?
A．Because he was afraid of falling into the river.
B．Because he tried to persuade Jacob to believe it.
C．Because he wanted to frighten Jacob.
D．Because he didn’t remember the story clearly.
小題4:What lesson can we learn from the text?
A．A lie will never be known.
B．True friends don’t cheat each other.
C．Telling lies makes one suffer from fears.
D．Making up a story is lying.

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