Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move houses quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.
On the other hand, there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long–term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.
To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it’s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don’t want to answer.
Cross-cultural differences aren’t just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.
Some societies have “universalist” cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way. “Particularist” societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.
This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check–in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check–in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn’t be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don’t have his problem.
小題1:Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians ______.
A．like traveling better　
B．easy to communicate with　
C．difficult to make real friends
D．have a long–term relationship with their neighbors
小題2: People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those ______.
A．who will tell them everything of their own
B．who want to do business with them
C．they know quite well
D．who are good at talking
小題3:Which of the following is true about “particularist societies”?
A．There is no rule for people to obey.
B．People obey the society’s rules completely.
C．No one obeys the society’s rules though they have.
D．The society’s rules can be changed with different persons or situations.
小題4: The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different ______.
A．interestsB．habits and customsC．culturesD．ways of life
小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:C

小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的：So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.看出,經(jīng)常搬家使美國人、澳大利亞人很容易交流。選B。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的：But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.看出馬來西亞人喜歡和熟悉的人交流。選C
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第四段的“Particularist” societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.可以看出特別主義社會里，規(guī)則可以隨不同的人和情形做變化。所以選D。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題：從最后一段的：A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. 看出印度、德國有不同的規(guī)則是因為文化不同。選C。
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完型填空（共20小題；每小題1。5分，滿分30分）
Every human being,  36 what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is  37 dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the  38 problem — how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes  39 body heat, but the heat given off by such objects  40 light bulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well  41 no conventional fuel is needed  42 the campus’ six buildings comfortable.
Some parts of most modern buildings — theatres and offices  43 classrooms — are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned  44 in winter. The technique of  45 heat and redistributing it is  46 “heat recover”. A few modern buildings recover  47 , but the university’s system is the first to recover heat  48 some buildings and re-use it in  49 . Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The  50 a student studies, the more heat his body  51 . Male students emit more heat than 52 students, and the larger a student, the more heat he  53 . It is tempting to  54 that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a  55 , over-weight male genius.
小題1:
A．thoughB．no matterC．howeverD．in spite of
小題2:
A．how toB．howC．whatD．what to
小題3:
A．similarB．wrongC．opposingD．opposit
小題4:
A．bothB．not onlyC．a(chǎn)s well asD．neither
小題5:
A．for exampleB．likeC．ofD．a(chǎn)s
小題6:
A．whichB．thenC．thatD．therefore
小題7:
A．makeB．to be madeC．to makeD．making
小題8:
A．includingB．a(chǎn)s well asC．withD．a(chǎn)s well
小題9:
A．evenB．soC．everD．much
小題10:
A．savingB．being savedC．disposingD．being disposed
小題11:
A．talkedB．thoughtC．suggestedD．called
小題12:
A．lossB．coldC．temperatureD．heat
小題13:
A．toB．fromC．withD．for
小題14:
A．the otherB．otherC．othersD．the others
小題15:
A．hardB．hardestC．harderD．more hard
小題16:
A．takes inB．gives offC．gives inD．takes out
小題17:
A．otherB．femaleC．girlD．boy
小題18:
A．producesB．manufacturesC．designsD．a(chǎn)ssembles
小題19:
A．startB．concludeC．endD．begin
小題20:A. easy-going   . fun-making  C.hard-working  D. good-for-nothing

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Let's face it．No one drinks diet soda for the taste．People drink diet soda in the hope that it will help them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it．Yet it seems to have exactly the opposite effect, according to a new study．
Researchers from the University of Texas said those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had waist size increases that were six times greater than those who didn't drink diet soda．"What we saw was that the more diet sodas a person drank, the more weight they were likely to gain," said Sharon Fowler．
The study was based on data from 474 participants in a large, ongoing research project, where the participants were followed for nearly l0 years．
While the findings are surprising, they also offer some explanations．
Nutrition expert, Melanie Rogers, who works with overweight patients in New York, has found that when patients are switched from regular to diet soda, they don't lose weight at all．"We weren't seeing weight loss necessarily, and that was confusing to us," said Rogers．
So why would diet soda cause weight gain? No one knows for sure yet, but it could be that people think they can eat more if they drink diet soda, and so over-compensate for the missing calories．
A related study found some sweeteners （甜味劑） raised blood sugar levels in some mice．"Data from this and other potential studies suggest that the promotion of diet sodas and artificial sweeteners may be risky," said Helen P．Hazuda, professor at the University of Texas's school of medicine．"They may be free of calories, but not of consequences．"
小題1:People drink diet soda to _____．
A．enjoy its tasteB．a(chǎn)chieve weight loss
C．stay in fashionD．gain more energy
小題2:The new study suggests that drinking diet soda _____．
A．causes people to become heavierB．helps people to be healthier
C．makes people much thinnerD．offers people more calories
小題3:We can learn from the passage that _____．
A．regular soda makes people lose more weight
B．diet soda does help reduce calories
C．diet soda drinkers tend to eat more food
D．most blood diseases come from diet soda
小題4:The underlined word "They" in the last paragraph probably refers to _____．
A．sweeteners
B．diet soda drinkers and sweetener takers
C．sodas
D．diet sodas and artificial sweeteners

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some plants get so hungry they eat flies, spiders, and even small frogs. What’s more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environment) in every state. In fact, they’re found on every continent except Antarctica.
You’ve probably seen a Venus’ flytrap. It’s often sold in museum gift stores, department stores, and even supermarkets. A small plant, it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks（莖）are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger(觸發(fā)) hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.
The Venus’ flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society’s Newsletter. Note: Despite any science –fiction stories you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.
Dr. Meyers-Rice says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: “attract, kill, digest, and absorb” some forms of insects, including flies, butterflies, and moths. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants ---well, most of the time.
All green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis(光合作用). Plants use the sugar to make food. What makes “meat-eating” plants different is their bug-catching leaves. They need insects for one reason: nitrogen(氮). Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can’t obtain any other way. Why almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil “Meat-eating” plants can’t. They live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity(酸度). So they’ve come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to “meat-eating” plants. Never fertilize(施肥)them! But don’t worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they’ll grow very slowly.
小題1:According to the passage, carnivorous plants       .
A．only grow in wild fieldB．a(chǎn)re rare to see
C．a(chǎn)re as common as fliesD．cannot grow on Antarctica
小題2:Venus’ flytrap preys on insects by          .
A．its numerous long stalksB．a(chǎn) container where it grows
C．its insect-catching leaves D．the lining of tiny trigger hairs
小題3:We can conclude from the third paragraph that_____.
A．carnivorous plants are dangerous
B．carnivorous plants are fictional
C．carnivorous plants occasionally eat books
D．carnivorous plants are harmless to humans
小題4:In the eyes of the author, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Carnivorous plants cannot grow in acid soil.
B．Carnivorous plants can grow in nutrient-poor soil.
C．Carnivorous plants will die if they cannot catch any insects
D．Carnivorous plants can get nitrogen from nutrient-rich soil.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1～20各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C或D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Butterfly’s wings
One day a small opening appeared on a cocoon(繭), a man sat and watched for the butterfly for several hours as it was struggling to  1  its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten  2  it could and it could go no further. So the man decided to  3  the butterfly: he took a pair of scissors and  4  the remaining part of the cocoon. The butterfly then  5  easily.
But it has a swollen(腫脹的) body and  6  wings. The man continued to  7  the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the  8  would enlarge and expand to be able to support the body, which would  9 in time. Neither happened!  10,  the butterfly spent the rest of its life  11 around with a swollen body and small, shriveled(褶皺的) wings. It  12  was able to fly. What the man did in his  13 and haste(匆忙)did no good to the butterfly. He didn’t know the  14  cocoon and the struggle  15  for the butterfly to get through the tiny  16 were the natural way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings  17  it would be ready for flight once it achieved its  18  from the cocoon.
Sometimes the  19  is exactly what we need in our life. If we are allowed to go through our life without any  20, it would not be a good thing to us. We would not be as strong as what we could have been.
小題1:
A．build B．forceC．formD．destroy
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)s far asB．a(chǎn)s long asC．a(chǎn)s soon asD．a(chǎn)s quick as
小題3:
A．seize B．leaveC．bringD．help
小題4:
A．took offB．made upC．cut offD．picked up
小題5:
A．spread overB．came outC．stayed in D．flew away
小題6:
A．hardB．strong C．smallD．large
小題7:
A．watchB．look forC．look afterD．follow
小題8:
A．butterfly B．wings C．cocoonD．scissors
小題9:
A．disappear B．enlargeC．lose D．contract
小題10:
A．LuckilyB．Probably C．In allD．In fact
小題11:
A．crawling B．a(chǎn)pproachingC．running D．wandering
小題12:
A．ever B．seldomC．a(chǎn)lways D．never
小題13:
A．fearB．kindnessC．evil D．confidence
小題14:
A．restricting B．loose C．soft D．little
小題15:
A．prepared B．wanted C．a(chǎn)llowed D．required
小題16:
A．place B．room C．opening D．space
小題17:
A．even if B．otherwise C．whenD．so that
小題18:
A．life B．success C．progress D．freedom
小題19:
A．courage B．struggle C．wisdom D．strength
小題20:
A．fun B．friends C．obstacles D．a(chǎn)chievement

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Success is everybody’s dream. But what is the key to success? How can you be successful? I think we should measure success based on how much we give rather than how much we receive. Fortunately, it also works nicely the other way around since those who give more almost always will also receive more. So how do you pave your way to success? How do you become more successful? The answer is amazingly simple: the key to success is making yourself as useful as possible to others. Here are some ideas on how to do it.
1. Be observant of needs
To be useful to others, you should always be aware of even the slightest clues of needs. The more sensitive you are to the needs of others, the more appreciative people will eventually become. The best plan is being able to anticipate a need before the other people are even aware of it.
2. Find solutions to the needs
Now that you are aware of needs, the next step is finding solutions to them. The solutions you offer should be as useful as possible. To be able to do so, there is no other way but to continuously build your own value. It is from the value you have that you could give value to others.
3. Be proactive to help
Do not wait for the other person to ask for your help. Be proactive. Give your help even before they ask.
4. _________________
What matters is not only the solution you offer, but also the way you deliver it. Being sincere means being glad to help others without expecting anything in return. Make it your joy to give something to others. People can somehow distinguish whether or not you are sincere.
5. Go the extra mile
Doing the above four steps is good, but add this one if you can: give more than expected. First, give what is expected, and then add a little more. If you do the above four steps people will be appreciative, but if you add this one step they will be impressed.
小題1: What is the measure of success according to the author?
A．Success means giving more as well as asking for more.
B．Success is based on how much money you make.
C．The more you receive from others, the more successful you will be.
D．The more you give, the more successful you will be.
小題2:The underlined word anticipate in para 2 probably means_______
A．offerB．expectC．preventD．change
小題3:What’s the best title for the fifth paragraph?
A．Solutions Are Important.B．Give More Help to Others
C．Expecting More D．Be Sincere
小題4:The author would NOT agree that______
A．people should continuously build up their own value.
B．the best time to help others is when they ask for help.
C．people should help others without expecting anything in return.
D．it is good to give others more help than what is expected.
小題5:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．How to measure success accurately.
B．How to make your dreams come true.
C．Giving is more important than receiving.
D．How a person can be most useful to others.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空 (共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)
請認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep pit（深坑）. All the other frogs  36  the pit. When they saw how  37  the pit was, they told the two frogs that they might be  38 .
The two frogs  39  what the other frogs were saying and  40  to jump up out of the pit with all of their physical strength. The other frogs  41  telling them to stop. Finally, one of the frogs  42  the comments, seriously considering them, and gave up. He  43  down and died.
The other frog continued to jump as  44  as he could. Once again, the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop the  45  and just die. He jumped even harder and finally  46  it out. When he got out, the other frogs said, “Did you not  47  us?” The frog explained to them that he was  48 . He thought they were  49  him the whole time.
This story teaches two lessons: ① There is power of life and death in the  50 . An encouraging word to someone who is  51  can lift them up and help them make it through the day. ② A destructive word to someone who is down can be  52  it takes to kill them. Be  53  of what you say. Speak life to those who cross your path.
The  54  of words is great. It is sometimes hard to understand  55  an encouraging word can go such a long way. Anyone can speak words that tend to rob another of the spirit to continue in difficult times.
小題1:
A．jumped overB．keep peace withC．came downD．gathered around
小題2:
A．bigB．deepC．dangerousD．wide
小題3:
A．deadB．confusedC．quietD．safe
小題4:
A．toleratedB．understoodC．ignoredD．confirmed
小題5:
A．promisedB．triedC．managedD．a(chǎn)greed
小題6:
A．keptB．enjoyedC．finishedD．stopped
小題7:
A．lived up toB．paid attention to
C．got used toD．pushed ahead with
小題8:
A．slowedB．wentC．climbedD．fell
小題9:
A．hardlyB．difficultC．hardD．difficultly
小題10:
A．painB．diseaseC．fearD．competition
小題11:
A．workedB．turnedC．leftD．made
小題12:
A．followB．hearC．recognizeD．consider
小題13:
A．deafB．blindC．honestD．clever
小題14:
A．respectingB．comfortingC．encouragingD．beating
小題15:
A．societyB．communicationC．tongueD．misunderstanding
小題16:
A．downB．a(chǎn)ngryC．a(chǎn)wayD．up
小題17:
A．whoB．that C．whichD．what
小題18:
A．proudB．careful C．a(chǎn)fraidD．free
小題19:
A．functionB．energyC．powerD．skill
小題20:
A．whatB．thatC．howD．when

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（共20小題，每小題1分，滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36 - 55各題所給的四個選項（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ）中，選出最佳選項，并填寫到答題紙表格。
One Saturday afternoon, my daughter Alice asked me, “Are all people the same even if they are different in color?”
I thought for a minute, and then I said, “I’ll explain,   41  you can just wait until we make a quick   42  at the grocery store. I have something   43  to show you. ”
At the grocery store, we    44   some apples --- red, green and yellow ones. Back home, I told Alice, “It’s time to   45  your question.” I put one apple of each   46   on the table. Then I looked at Alice, who had a   47  look on her face.  
“People are like apples. They come in all   48 colors, shapes and sizes. On the    49 , some of the apples may not  50  look as the others. ” As I was talking, Alice was    51  each one carefully.  
Then, I took each of the apples and peeled（削皮）them,  52  them back on the table, but   53  a different place.  
“Okay, Alice, tell me which is which.”
She said, “I   54  tell. They all look the same now. ” “Take a bite of   55 . See if that helps you   56  which one is which. ”
She took   57 , and then a huge smile came across her face. “People are   58  like apples! They are all different, but once you _ 59  the outside, they’re pretty much the same on the inside. ”
She totally   60  it. I didn’t need to say or do anything else.  
小題1:
A．a(chǎn)lthoughB．soC．becauseD．if
小題2:
A．stopB．startC．turnD．stay
小題3:
A．expressiveB．encouragingC．informativeD．interesting
小題4:
A．boughtB．countedC．sawD．collected
小題5:
A．checkB．mentionC．a(chǎn)nswerD．improve
小題6:
A．sizeB．typeC．shapeD．class
小題7:
A．worriedB．satisfiedC．proudD．curious
小題8:
A．ordinaryB．normalC．differentD．regular
小題9:
A．outsideB．wholeC．tableD．inside
小題10:
A．stillB．evenC．onlyD．ever
小題11:
A．examiningB．measuringC．drawingD．packing
小題12:
A．keepingB．placingC．pullingD．giving
小題13:
A．onB．towardC．forD．in
小題14:
A．mustn’tB．can’tC．shouldn’tD．needn’t
小題15:
A．each oneB．each otherC．the otherD．one another
小題16:
A．a(chǎn)dmitB．considerC．decideD．believe
小題17:
A．big bitesB．deep breathsC．a(chǎn) firm holdD．close look
小題18:
A．justB．a(chǎn)lwaysC．merelyD．seldom
小題19:
A．put awayB．get downC．hand outD．take off
小題20:
A．madeB．tookC．gotD．did

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction(區(qū)別)and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍縱即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
小題1:When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” in the writing process, he means                .
A．one cannot use them at the same timeB．they cannot be regarded as equally important
C．they are in constant conflict with each otherD．no one can be both creative and critical
小題2:What prevents people from writing on is                .
A．putting their ideas in raw formB．ignoring grammatical soundness
C．a(chǎn)ttempting to edit as they write D．trying to capture fleeting thoughts
小題3:What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?
A．To organize one’s thoughts logically.B．To get one’s ideas down.
C．To choose an appropriate topic.D．To collect raw materials.
小題4:One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that                .
A．it overstresses the role of the creative mindB．it does not help them to think clearly
C．it may bring about too much criticismD．it takes too much time to edit afterwards
小題5:In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?
A．It allows him to sit on the side and observe.B．It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C．It saves the writing time available to him.D．It improves his writing into better shape.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案