Question

For many years there's been a debate about rewarding our children. Does it work? Is it effective?
Some people think we should establish a standard with our kids and give them something for meeting this standard as a reward. Punishment is given out in much the same way, but it’s used when certain standards of performance, behavior, etc. have not been met. Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment, and work harder when promised a valuable reward. The problem is what happens when you aren’t around.
To develop responsible, self-disciplined kids, parents need to promote certain ideas. One of these ideas is that everyone pitches in and helps in your family. Another idea is that there can be enjoyment in doing any task if we choose to make it so. When a task is for a worthy cause (our family can enjoy the house more because I helped clean it), this message can have a big impact.
This is how we help our kids develop a sense of responsibility. When our children develop this responsibility, they’ll be more disciplined, and they’ll control their emotions better. When we give rewards to our kids, we reduce the sense of responsibility. We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who aren’t likely to continue the performance without the carrot hanging in front of them. 
“Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while, but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior,” said Alfie Kohn, author of Punished by Rewards. “Good values have to be grown from the inside out.” Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time. The real rewards that your children receive will be their readiness for the complex and demanding world that waits for them—a world that rewards those who have learned the secrets of discipline responsibility. So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards.
小題1:According to the passage, when children are threatened with punishment, ______.

A．they may lose interest in their work

B．the results will be worse than usual

C．they may change to another person

D．they may appear to be well-behaved

小題2:The underlined part “the carrot” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to _____.

A．a(chǎn)pologies

B．a(chǎn)ims

C．rewards

D．doubts

小題3:According to the passage, Alfie Kohn would agree that parents should ______.

A．never pay attention to the way their children do things

B．show their children how to behave by example

C．help their children establish good values

D．never punish their children

小題4:What’s the best title for the passage?

A．Should parents reward their children?

B．Do you often reward your children?

C．When should parents reward their children?

D．What can parents reward their children with?

Answer 1

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:C
小題4:A

試題分析：文章講述了父母該如何獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子的話題。并提出父母應(yīng)該幫助孩子設(shè)立正確的價(jià)值觀。
小題1:D 推理題。根據(jù)第二段第四行Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment說(shuō)明在收到威脅的時(shí)候，孩子們更有責(zé)任心，表現(xiàn)更好，故D正確。
小題2:C 推理題。根據(jù)本句We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who aren’t likely to continue the performance without the carrot hanging in front of them.說(shuō)明這些孩子只能暫時(shí)表現(xiàn)很好，沒(méi)有了carrot就不可能繼續(xù)有好的表現(xiàn)，故carrot指獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故C正確。
小題3:C 推理題。根據(jù)最后一段3,4,5行Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time說(shuō)明作為父母要幫助孩子建立責(zé)任感和紀(jì)律意識(shí)，即良好的價(jià)值觀，故C正確。
小題4:A 主旨大意題。文章在主題段第一段就提出了父母該不該獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子？該如何獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子的問(wèn)題，故A正確。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文考查較多的是推理題，需要考生在閱讀的時(shí)候足夠細(xì)心的注意上下文的串聯(lián)及段落大意的理解。