Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one’s fellow man?
Not so, say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe（探查） the reasons why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency(緊急情況).
　　Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma （昏迷） from diabetes（糖尿�。�? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?
Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it steam pipes? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.
　　Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won’t get the help he needs.
The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be tested. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the tests. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the testing room and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.
Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.
In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.
Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person’s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.
【小題1】The purpose of this passage is_________.

A．to explain why people fail to act in emergencies
B．to explain when people will act in emergencies
C．to explain what people will do in emergencies
D．to explain how people feel in emergencies
【小題2】Which of the following is NOT true?
A．When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.
B．When a person tries to help others, he should know whether hey are worth his help.
C．A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.
D．A person with a heart attack needs the most.
【小題3】 The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when__________.
A．they are in pairs　　B．they are in groups
C．they are alone 　　　D．they are with their friends
【小題4】The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that _________.
A．they are afraid of emergencies
B．they are reluctant to get themselves involved
C．others will act if they themselves hesitate
D．they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help


【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】C
【小題4】D

解析【小題1】B主旨題：從文章的第二段的句子：They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency(緊急情況).可知文章是說人們在緊急情況下怎么反映。
【小題2】C細節(jié)題：從文章第五段的句子： the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible.看出遇到緊急情況的人們要對自己負責，不是對需要幫助的負責。選C。
【小題3】C細節(jié)題：從文章倒數(shù)第三段的句子Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help.看出單獨一人時，人們可能會幫忙。選C。
【小題4】D細節(jié)題：從文章倒數(shù)第二段的句子They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.可知人多的時候，人們會認為自己沒必要負責。

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閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題(請注意問題后的詞數(shù)要求，并將答案寫在二卷答題紙上)。

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