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(Reuters) - A U.N. climate deal due to be agreed in Copenhagen at talks from December 7-18 may fall short of a legally binding(有約束力的) agreement. If Copenhagen fails to live up to hopes of a strong agreement to slow global warming, what are the reasons and who risks blame? The following are some of the candidates:

● Decline in economy distracted(分散) focus from climate change after the world agreed in Bali, Indonesia, in 2007 to work out a new U.N. agreement by December 2009. Rich nations have put billions of dollars into green growth as part of recovery packages but, when unemployment at home is high, find it hard to promise extra money for developing countries. The slowdown in industrial output means a brief fix -- greenhouse gas emissions(排放) are likely to fall by as much as 3 percent this year.

● Many delegates at U.N. talks have given up hope that the United States, the number two emitter after China, will agree legislation(立法, 法律) to limit carbon emissions before Copenhagen. The US is the only industrialized nation outside the Kyoto Protocol(京都協(xié)議書) for cutting greenhouse emissions until 2012. Many countries welcomed President Barack Obama's promises of doing more to fight climate change when he took office in January but hoped for swifter action.

● Developing nations accuse the rich of repeatedly failing to keep promises of more aid. Few developed countries live up to a target agreed by the U.N. General Assembly in 1970 to give 0.7 percent of their gross domestic product in development aid. Other plans, such as the Agenda 21 environmental development plan agreed in 1992, have fallen short.

● Most rich nations are promising cuts in greenhouse gas emissions well short of the 25-40 percent below 1990 levels by 2020, which are needed to avoid the worst of climate change. Overall cuts promised by developed nations total between 11 and 15 percent. Best offers by countries including Japan, the European Union, Australia and Norway would reach the range.

● More than 90 percent of the growth in emissions between now and 2030 is set to come from developing nations -- with almost 50 percent from China alone, U.S. climate envoy Todd Stern said this week. "No country holds the fate of the earth more in its hands than China. Not one," he said. China and India say they are slowing the growth of emissions but raising living standards is more important. So burning more energy is unavoidable -- as industrialized nations have done for 200 years.

● 2008 was the 10th warmest year since records began in the mid-19th century. The warmest was 1998, when a strong El Nino event in the eastern Pacific disrupted(使混亂) weather worldwide. That has led some to argue that global warming is slowing even though the U.N.'s WMO(世界氣象組織) says a long-term warming trend is unchanged.

● People have been slow in changing lifestyles to use less carbon. Simple choices like taking more public transport, using less heating or air conditioning, even changing light bulbs can help if millions of people act.(508)

Who's to blame if U.N. climate deal falls short?

Possible candidates

Supporting Details

___71___downturn

● Faced with the______72____ rising unemployment, rich countries fail to give more aid to developing ones.

●____73_____industrial output brings about a temporary relief from the pressure of greenhouse gas emissions.

United States

● It’s the only industrialized country outside the Kyoto Protocol.

● Immediate____74____ was expected to be taken by President Obama to fight climate change.

Rich-Poor divide

● Developed nations are____75____ by the poor for repeatedly breaking promises of aid.

Developed nations

● There is a huge ____76____between the overall cuts promised by developed nations and those required to avoid climate catastrophe.

Developing nations

● The increase in emissions from developing nations ____77____for 90% between now and 2030.

● Developing nations need to give ___78____to raising living standards by burning more energy.

The weather

● The worldwide disorder caused by El Nino has ____79____some people into believing that global warming is slowing.

The public

● People should be ____80____ to change lifestyles to use less carbon.

71. Economic    72. domestic   73. Less    74. action   75.  blamed   76. gap

77. accounts    78.  priority   79.  misled   80. encouraged / urged

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（41）______ ,Mao Yushi, said he was “speaking for the rich and working for the poor.”

A report （42）______ by the Asian Development Bank

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The country’s income disparity is close to that of Latin America, the report came out in （45）______.

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Some tips for using email

Use different email accounts for different   81 

Even though you have to check different email accounts inconveniently, you can   82   your weekend or evening without worrying about your business.

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Keep it   84 

To be brief and to the point, your email should be written   85   five sentences, which does good to not only you but the reader.

Acknowledge important emails

Email    86   telling him / her you’ve received what was sent.

Create a standard response

If you need to send   87   answers to different people, create a standard response for emailing them, with their names   88  .

Compose your signature

You’d better send your   89   with your name as well as your other information so that others can get in   90   with you in other ways.

 

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China's College Entrance Examination (CEE)in 1977 and 1978 changed the fate of a group of Chinese people with large age differences and from all walks of life. Thirty years later, some of them anxiously wait outside exam spots, praying for good luck for their only child.

The Chinese describe the CEE, or gaokao in Chinese, as "thousands of troops on a single--log bridge" because of the limited number of places at universities. For students in the countryside, the tough exams may be their only opportunity to escape the hardship of country life.

A survey conducted by the Ministry of Education and the China Youth Daily showed 89.6 percent of those people felt their fate was changed by the exam. Among those who said their fate was "totally changed", 69.1 percent came from the countryside and only 30.9 percent were from cities. Some Chinese think too much emphasis is placed on having a university diploma (文憑). It is believed that a person will not find a proper job without a college certificate, and that there are increasingly fewer jobs even for college graduates.

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College Entrance Exam Shapes

Introduction

The fate of a group of Chinese people with a large (76)       

in their age and from all walks of life was changed by the CEE

in 1977 and 1978.

(77) ______

of the CEE

About eighty-nine percent of those people felt the exam changed

their (78) ________.

The CEE means more to those who come from the (79)       areas.

Different

opinions on

the CEE

It is descried as " thousands of troops on a single-log bridge" because

the number of places at universities is (80) _______.

Some Chinese think we (81)        having a university

diploma too much.

A lot of people think that the CEE needs to be (82) ________.

We should carry out the reforms (83) _______.

Conclusion

People continue (84)        over the exam,

It is believed to be the only open, fair and just way of (85) _______

talented people.

 

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