A growing number of workers at Google Inc., Facebook Inc. and other employers are trading in their sit-down desks for standing ones, saying they feel more comfortable and energized. They also are motivated by medical reports saying that sitting for too long leads to increased health risks.
A standing desk sits high off the floor so a worker can either stand at it or sit on a high stool to use it. Officials at Palo Alto-based Facebook say a number of employees asked about standing desks after news articles were published about the health risks of sitting all day.
The stories cited medical studies that tied excessive sitting to increased obesity and other health problems because of factors including a drop in physical activity. A 2010 study by the American Cancer Society found that women who sat more than six hours a day were 37% more likely to die prematurely than women who sat for less than three hours, while the early-death rate for men was 18% higher. The American College of Cardiology released a study in January that found increased mortality (死亡率) among people who sat longer at home than those who didn't.
No one seems to compile statistics on the standing-desk trend. But anecdotal reports suggest Silicon Valley is embracing the movement.
Facebook officials say they have seen an upsurge in requests for standing desks to five to eight a week with a total of between 200 and 250 deployed (配置) at the company of more than 2,000 employees. Facebook also is trying out a treadmill station ─ where a worker can walk or run on a treadmill while tapping at a computer.
Google spokesman Jordan Newman said that 'many employees at Google opt for standing desks, and we offer them as part of our wellness program' though he said he didn't know the exact number.
Greg Hoy, 39 years old, asked for a standing desk shortly after joining Facebook seven months ago as a design recruiter. 'I don't get the 3 o'clock slump anymore,' he said. 'I feel active all day long.'
【小題1】The underlined word “motivated” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by .
A.frightened | B.inspired | C.missed | D.discouraged |
A.a(chǎn) drop in physical activity was the only reason why excessive sitting caused increased obesity. |
B.women who sat longer were more likely to die prematurely according to a 2010 study by American College of Cardiology |
C.a(chǎn)ccording to the study, the early-death rate for men was 18% higher than that for women. |
D.the mortality among people who didn’t sat long at home was lower than that among people who did. |
A.is a computer that a worker can take along when he walks or runs |
B.has been tried out by Facebook and now is very popular with other companies |
C.is a place where workers can exercise while working. |
D.is a treadmill on which workers can run or walk only after work |
A.sitting for too long leads to increased health risks |
B.standing desks have replaced sit-down ones in Facebook Inc. |
C.more and more workers choose standing desks instead of sit-down ones |
D.many employees at Google opt for standing desks |
【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】A
解析試題分析:本文講述的是長時間的站立會導(dǎo)致人們健康方面出較多的問題,所以倡導(dǎo)人們要適當(dāng)?shù)卣玖⒍噙\(yùn)動。
【小題1】C 推理題。根據(jù)本句They also are motivated by medical reports saying that sitting for too long leads to increased health risks.說明一些醫(yī)學(xué)方面的報告也說長時間坐著會導(dǎo)致很多的疾病,這樣的報告也在激勵著他們多站立,故C項(xiàng)正確。
【小題2】B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段3,4,5行A 2010 study by the American Cancer Society found that women who sat more than six hours a day were 37% more likely to die prematurely than women who sat for less than three hours, while the early-death rate for men was 18% higher.說明B項(xiàng)正確。
【小題3】D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段3,4行Facebook also is trying out a treadmill station ─ where a worker can walk or run on a treadmill while tapping at a computer說明D項(xiàng)正確。
【小題4】A 主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是長時間的站立會導(dǎo)致人們健康方面出較多的問題,所以倡導(dǎo)人們要適當(dāng)?shù)卣玖⒍噙\(yùn)動,故A正確。
考點(diǎn):考查健康類短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評:本文屬于健康類短文,倡導(dǎo)人們少坐,多站多運(yùn)動。本文要求考生讀懂文章中的每個句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關(guān)系,結(jié)合自己的生活常識和經(jīng)驗(yàn),再通過邏輯推理和判斷,理解文章的言外之意,從而揭示文章的深層涵義。任何一篇文章都有其特定的寫作目的,讀者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道如何去做或按照某種方式傳遞思考問題。
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On a hot and damp night last month, Hue welcomed into her small home a very thin woman, also a tailor, who was HIV positive.The woman tearfully told Hue that she had not told anyone about her condition, fearing that she would lose customers and that her daughter would be insulted at school.Hue became the wise elder, offering medical and personal advice.
40.What did Pham Thi Hue do after she was infected with HIV?
A.She kept silent
B.She worked as usual
C.She stayed at home and cried every day.
D.She went public and gave help to others.
41.It can be inferred from the passage that the group Pham Thi Hue founded is made up of____.
A.drug users B.HIV victims
C.a(chǎn)ll kinds of patients D.poor people
42.From the passage we can learn that Pham Thi Hue is a woman who is_______.
A.weak and kind B.foolish and idle
C.brave and helpful D.cautious and energetic
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Tens of thousands of smartphone applications are running ads from the overwhelming(勢不可擋的) advertising networks that change smartphone settings and copy people’s contact information without permission.
Aggressive ad networks can disguise(假扮) ads as text message notifications (通告), and sometimes change browser settings and bookmarks. Often, the ads will upload your contacts list to the ad network’s servers--- information that the ad network can then sell to marketers.
Sounds scary? It’s not a giant problem yet, but it’s a growing one. As many as 5% of free mobile apps use an “aggressive” ad network to make money, according to Lookout, a San Francisco-based mobile security company. PhoneLiving was one of the most popular app developers to use these kinds of ad networks; their dozens of talking animal apps have been downloaded several million times. Later, PhoneLiving says it has mended its ways. The company admittedusing invasive techniques to make money from its apps, but said it dropped those methods at the start of July because of bad reviews and declining downloads.
The most popular type of apps that use aggressive ad networks are “Personalisation” apps, which include wallpapers. Comic and entertainment apps are also among the most likely to have rogue(兇猛的) ad networks running behind the scenes. Like aggressive pop-ups on PCs, the bad software isn’t easy to get rid of. Though the damage can typically be removed by deleting the app, it can be hard to tell which app is causing the problems.
When developers create free mobile apps, they usually make money through ads displayed within the app. App makers don’t usually tell people which ad network they are using, which makes it hard to avoid the known offenders. The best defense is to read reviews and avoid downloading apps that have attracted many complaints.
1.What is an example of bad behavior by the annoying mobile ads?
A.They change browser settings and bookmarks.
B.They change people’s calendar settings.
C.They send scam text messages occasionally.
D.They download free versions of games.
2.What do we know about PhoneLiving?
A.Its operation model is against the will of netizens.
B.It was forced to admit its bad behavior.
C.It has changed its business model rapidly.
D.Its relationship with Lookout may break up.
3.Why is the bad software hard to get rid of?
A.The software runs behind the scenes.
B.The app is very hard to delete.
C.It is difficult to find the problem app.
D.The network antivirus is out of date.
4.What does the underlined word, “ invasive”, mean in the third paragraph?
A.innovative B.positive C.flexible D.a(chǎn)ggressive
5.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Mobile ads can attack your phone and steal your contacts.
B.Mobile ads have become popular in recent years.
C.Smartphones have been damaged by mobile ads.
D.You may download some aggressive apps unconsciously.
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The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society today, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.
For much of recent Western history, health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms.
In the late 1940s the World Health Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented (導(dǎo)向的) view of health. They stated that health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind / body / spirit) and not just in physical terms.
The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle and behaviour of the individual. Specific behaviours which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but also health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviours and lifestyles. While this individualistic healthy lifestyle approach to health worked for some (the wealthy members of society), it was of little benefit to people experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment or who had little control over the conditions of their daily life.
During the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health.
At the Ottawa Conference in 1986, a charter was developed which outlined new directions for health promotion based on the socio-ecological view of health. This charter, known as the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, remains as the backbone of health action today. In exploring the scope of health promotion it states that:
Good health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension (尺度) of the quality of life. Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it. (WHO, 1986)
1.From the passage, we can infer that _________.
A.good health means not having any illness |
B.health has different meanings for different people in different periods |
C.health has always been viewed in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live |
D.health has always been considered a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life |
2.In the late 1940s, if you ___________, that meant you were healthy.
A.were strong enough |
B.were strong, optimistic and happy |
C.had enough money |
D.had a good lifestyle |
3. of society benefited most from the healthy lifestyle approach to health.
A.Rich people |
B.Poor people |
C.Old people |
D.Young people |
4.The socio-ecological view of health includes the following broad areas EXCEPT ________.
A.the social contexts |
B.the environmental contexts |
C.the economic contexts |
D.the area of personal development |
5.This passage mainly tells us that .
A.wealth is health |
B.health means different things in different periods |
C.it’s getting harder to be healthy |
D.people should change their understanding of health over time |
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IS IT TIME TO GET - MP3
Your computer has been playing music for years, one CD at a time.Now hundreds of songs can be stored in your PC if they’re in the MP3 format.
What is it?
MP3 compresses (壓縮) music into small computer—friendly files.You access MP3 music several ways: Tunes can be downloaded from websites that have converted (轉(zhuǎn)變) vast music libraries into MP3.Or you can prerecorded CDs into your PC and convert songs in minutes into MP3.Once MP3 music is on your PC’s hard drive, you can play it through your computer’s speakers, “burn” it onto blank CDs or swap (交換) MP3 files with friends using e—mail.
How much?
Software needed to play and convert MP3 music is often free.It is preinstalled (預(yù)先安裝)on most new computers or can be downloaded from many websites, including MP3, com.Some MP3 sites are free.Just type at around $50 and can hold hundreds of songs.A blank CD on which you can record music costs about a dollar.
Advantages
MP3 turns your home PC into a jukebox (自動唱機(jī)).Tiny MP3 players are the size of a deck of cards, making it easy to take hundreds of songs with you.
Disadvantages
You may find that music at many sites is limited.And some only allow you to listen rather than download offerings.Others let you download music that then can’t be copied to MP3 players.And a growing number of new CDs make it impossible to copy songs to a computer.
1.How can you get Mp3 music?
A.By turning your home PC into jukebox. |
B.By taking you own music or songs with you. |
C.By copying songs to a PC through the speakers. |
D.By downloading from websites which have converted music libraries. |
2.How much will you pay for a MP3 player?
A.Free of charge |
B.Free downloading |
C.At least fifty dollars |
D.About a dollar |
3.What is the closest meaning of the underlined word “burn”?
A.Copy |
B.Play |
C.Store |
D.Change |
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Unemployment is on the increase. A growing number of young people, __________, are finding themselves out of work.
A.in case B.a(chǎn)ll in all C.in particular D.a(chǎn)s a result
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