New York: Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defence against getting ill, new study findings suggest.
In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help protect us from the common cold and other illnesses.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective----as in happiness improving immune, function----and subjective----as in happy people being less troubled by a sore throat or funny nose. "People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe."
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style." Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal(鼻的) drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
小題1:Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Stay Away From Being Negative
B．Positive or Negative, It’s Up To You
C．An Effective Medicine For Being Fit
D．Warm People Likely To Keep Cold Away
小題2:According to Dr Cohen’s research, the reason why some people are unlikely to catch a cold is that ___________________.
A．their cheerful mood benefits the immune system
B．they have developed a certain gene against flu virus
C．they are less likely to have s sore throat and funny nose
D．they have got a stronger self-confidence in their health
小題3:The underlined word “disposition” (paragraph 2) probably means ________.
A．characterB．dayC．futureD．occupation
小題4:The passage is probably written for ___________________.
A．medical studentsB．lead authorsC．the publicD．the volunteers

小題1:D
小題1:A
小題1:A
小題1:C
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


The inhalation (吸入) of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and ___50___ cancer. 
Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the wall of the alveoli, causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs.  The lung ___51___ its elasticity and may change shape.  The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness.  In its ___52___ stages, sufferers develop the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema, cyanosis, (where the skin takes a bluish ___53___ ) and club fingers.
Lung cancer, the generic ___54___ for malignant tumors（腫瘤）of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has been shown to be directly ___55___ to the inhalation of asbestos particles.  As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of inactiveness which may ___56___ from 25 to 30 years after initial exposure, despite the ___57___of further exposure.  Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos ___58___the incidence of lung cancer.  Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further ___59___ by cigarette smoking.  Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer than workers who do not ___60___. 
Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to producemesothelioma, a rare cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura.  In a normal population the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely ___61___. Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to ___62___ exposure.
___63___ changes in lung tissue caused by exposure to asbestos are pleural plaques and effusions.  The former refer to a thickening of the lining of the chest wall, ___64___ the latter consists of a collection of fluid in the chest region outside the lungs.  Pleural plaques commonly remain undiagnosed and generally have no detrimental effect on health.
小題1:
A．skin B．blood C．liver D．lung
小題2:
A．losesB．gainsC．improves D．tightens
小題3:
A．earlyB．formalC．laterD．final
小題4:
A．sizeB．colorC．soundD．smell
小題5:
A．nounB．term C．wayD．a(chǎn)pproach
小題6:
A．relatedB．revealedC．comparedD．exposed
小題7:
A．disappearB．spreadC．liveD．extend
小題8:
A．presenceB．a(chǎn)ctivenessC．a(chǎn)bsenceD．intensity
小題9:
A．a(chǎn)nd B．a(chǎn)longsideC．a(chǎn)s well asD．plus
小題10:
A．decreasedB．lostC．doubledD．increased
小題11:
A．dietB．drinkC．smoke D．fare
小題12:
A．highB．low C．common D．frequent
小題13:
A．leadB．a(chǎn)sbestos C．carbon D．hydrogen
小題14:
A．ThreeB．Some C．No D．Other
小題15:
A．in caseB．now that C．whereas D．unless

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The following are four kinds of medicine. How to use the medicine is very important. Never take some by mistake.
   Take the medicine with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For further nighttime and early morning, take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For children between six and twelve years old, give half the adult dosage（劑量）. For children under six years old, go to your doctor for advice. Reduce dosage if nervousness, restlessness or sleeplessness takes place.
 
   Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteen-year- olds. As usual, a pill at 6:00a.m. before breakfast, one before 11:00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart attack.
 
   The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adults. Don’t take the medicine without fever. Half for children under 12 years old. For children with a high fever, go to see a doctor at once.
 
   The medicine taken three times a day, once five pills for adults with a cold. Half of the pills for children under 14 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, supper or before sleep.
小題1:If a little child under six has a fever, it’s suggested that he ________.
A．take two tablets before sleepB．stop to take another pill
C．take one tablet before sleepD．go to see a doctor
小題2:Obviously a kind of medicine mentioned above isn’t proper for ________, judging from the information.
A．children over twelve years oldB．some adults of 18 years old
C．some old persons with heart attackD．neither adults nor children
小題3:When an adult has a cold, he had better __________.
A．have as many as fifteen pills a dayB．have twice a day
C．have four times a dayD．have nine pills a day
小題4:How many kinds of medicine can be taken by children of seven years old?
A．Two kinds.B．Three kinds.C．None.D．Four kinds.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Body and Food
Your body, which has close relations with the food you eat, is the most important thing you own, so it needs proper treatment and proper nourishment (營(yíng)養(yǎng)).The old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away ”is not as silly as some people think. The body needs fruit and vegetables because they contain vitamin C. Many people take extra vitamins in pill form, believing that these will make them healthy.
But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins you need. The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins, so why waste money on them?
In the modern western world, many people are too busy to bother about eating properly. They throw anything into their stomachs, eating hurriedly and carelessly. The list of illnesses caused or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening,
小題1:“Your body has close relations with the food you eat.” It really means that ______.
A．a(chǎn)ll kinds of food you eat can be made into your body
B．your body is made up of the food you eat
C．what you eat has great effect on your health
D．the more you eat, the fitter you will feel
小題2:The old saying referred to in the passage tells us that ______.
A．eating apples regularly does lots of good to our health
B．the apple is the best among all kinds of fruits
C．a(chǎn)pples can take the place of doctors
D．a(chǎn)n apple is a sure cure for illness
小題3:From the passage we can draw a conclusion that if we want to keep healthy, we should ______.
A．only eat an apple a day
B．eat properly
C．take as many vitamin pills as possible
D．throw something into our stomachs slowly and carefully

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States.
The result: thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percent fewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings.
Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year.
The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten, at the University of California, was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams, or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University.
Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodium, which is how foods may list their salt content.
The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies, while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure.
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative. The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants.
Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children's Research Institute shows how that idea can influence what parents order for their children.
Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had McDonald's menus clearly showing how many calories were in each food. The other half got menus without the calorie information.
小題1: How many heart attacks will occur in the US every year？ 
A．nearly 800,000.B．24,000.
C．100,000.D．92,000.
小題2:We can learn from the passage that         .  
A．Americans ate no more than 5 grams of salt per day in the 1970s
B．the American Heart Association suggest less than 3 grams of salt every day
C．a(chǎn) reduction in salt in the diet helps lower blood pressure
D．a(chǎn)ll the heart diseases result from eating more salt
小題3:The National Salt Reduction Initiative aims to         . 
A．a(chǎn)dvise Americans to eat less salt
B．put pressure on food companies and restaurants
C．require fast food places to list calorie information
D．a(chǎn)ttract the public attention to the problem
小題4:All the following are related to the salt in diet except         .  
A．strokesB．heart attacks
C．blood pressuresD．stomach diseases
小題5:The best title of the passage of the passage is         . 
A．Less salt can mean more life
B．Prevent heart attacks and deaths
C．The National Salt Reduction Initiative
D．Americans should eat less salt

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Making greener choices and encouraging healthy lifestyles can promote your health and benefit the environment．Here are some guidelines to follow:
Choose foods thoughtfully
Americans have never had such a variety or abundance of food to choose from．Besides so many choices, we now hear about our "food print", the amount of land needed to supply one person's nutritional needs for a year．Do we buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico or tomatoes grown locally in a hothouse? Do．we get the Granny Smiths from the fanners' market or the supermarket? Is organic produce healthier for us and the planet?
These are very complex issues that require analysis of many criteria, including the energy used in producing and transporting the food, as well as the type of soil and methods of raising the food．
Despite the complexities, there are some general guidelines you can follow．For instance, eat less meat or eat low on the food chain．Your doctor may have recommended you to restrict your consume red meat because of its too much fat content．Beyond that, there are environmental reasons, too. Raise food animals contributes substantially to climate change because a meat-based diet requires more land, energy and water than a plant - based one．
Drinking plenty of fluids is significant during hot weather or when exercising．But is bottled water the way to go? You may not think so when seeing the true costs．Based on a survey, manufacturing the 30 - plus billion plastic water bottles can produce more than 2．5 million tons of carbon dioxide and use here times the amount of water in the bottle．Adding in transportation, the energy used comes to over 50 million barrels of oil equivalent （等價(jià)物）．Consequently, skip the bottled water and drink tap water, both at home and at restaurants．Additionally, bottled water is not necessarily cleaner than tap.
小題1:In Paragraph 2 the author puts forward three questions mainly _____．
A．to prove Americans have less food to choose from
B．to show us the shopping habits of most Americans
C．to indicate Americans tend to buy food from abroad
D．to remind people to reconsider their food purchase
小題2:The doctor recommends eating less red meat partly because _____．
A．it contains too much fatB．it costs a lot in transportation
C．it is too low on the food chainD．it isn't related to climate change
小題3:According to the text, which of the following is true?
A．Americans all prefer to buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico．
B．The plant - based diet is responsible for the climate change．
C．Americans have a variety of food to choose from．
D．Organic produce is the only choice for Americans．
小題4:Based on the last paragraph, we know that _____．
A．bottled water is cleaner than tap water
B．tap water is economical as well as eco - friendly
C．bottled water is more available than tap water
D．tap water uses one - third the cost of bottled water
小題5:What is the best subtitle for the last paragraph?
A．Skip bottled water, carry tapB．Drink bottled water
C．Produce plastic water bottlesD．Save water resources

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Health officials issued a waring over common energy-saving l一ghtbulbs(燈泡) after research showed some types could potentially harm the skin and may even raise the risk of cancer.
A study by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) found that some eco-friendly lightbuulbs release levels of ultraviolet (UV) (紫外線) radiation that are above recognized safety limits. The agency urged people who work with lamps nearby to avoid spending more than one hour within a foot of the eco-friendly bulbs. The warning was directed at those using desk lamps for long periods, such as jewellery makers, and others who might have lights close to their faces, such as car mechanics.
John O’Hagan, a scientist at the HPA’s centre for radiation, chemical and environmental dangers, began tests on the ligthbulbs after patient groups raised concern about them. Among the groups were patients with a skin disease called lupus, which makes people highly sensitive to light.
The tests measured UV light from the lamps and found the highest levels of UV radiation, measured 2cm from the lightbulbs, were equivalent to being outside in direct sunlight in the summer. The most immediate risk from the lightbulbs is a reddening of the skin similar to sunburn, but there is also a small increased risk of skin cancer associated with this, again similar to that of sunburn.
The risk of health problems from the lightbulbs was not so high that people should remove them from their homes. People are advised to avoid using open lightbulbs for long close work until the problem is sorted out. It has confirmed that the government will not be reviewing its strategy on introducing energy efficient lightbulbs.
小題1:The underlined word “equivalent” in paragraph 4  most probably means ______.
A．equalB．vitalC．relevantD．harmful
小題2:In order not to be harmed by the UV radiation from some lightbulbs, people should ______.
A．stop using eco-friendly lightbulbs at home
B．a(chǎn)void using open lightbulbs for long close work
C．take care not to expose their skin to direct sunlight
D．urge the government to ban the use of lightbulbs
小題3:In the next part, the author would most probably further explain _____.
A．why people needn’t remove the lightbulbs from their homes
B．how researchers have planned to sort out the problem
C．how the government has responded to HPA’s discovery
D．how long people should work close to the open lightbulbs
小題4:We can learn from the passage that ____.
A．health officials issued a warning over common lightbulbs.
B．jewellery makers should avoid working with the eco-friendly bulbs for more than one hour
C．John O’Hagan did tests on the lightbulbs with some patients
D．people are advised to avoid using open lightbulbs for long close work

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When thinking about quitting(停止) smoking…
List all the reasons why you want to quit. Every night before going to bed, repeat one of the reasons 10 times.
Decide positively that you want to quit. Try to avoid negative thoughts about how difficult it might be. Develop strong personal reasons as well as your health and responsibility to others. For example, think of all the time you waste taking cigarette breaks, rushing out to buy a pack, hunting a light, etc. Set a date for quitting --- perhaps a special day like your birthday, a holiday. If you smoke heavily at work, quit during your vacation. Make the date seriously, and don't let anything change it. Begin to condition yourself physically; start a modest (適當(dāng)?shù)? exercise; drink more water; get plenty of rest.
Immediately after quitting...
The first few days after you quit, spend as much free time as possible in places where smoking is prohibited, e.g. libraries, museums, theatres, department stores, etc.
Drink large quantities of water and fruit juice. Try to avoid wine, coffee, and other drinks which remind you of cigarette smoking.
Start a conversation with someone instead of a match for a cigarette.
If you miss the feeling of having a cigarette in your hand, play with something else - a pencil, a pen, a ruler. If you miss having something in your mouth, try a fake (仿制的) cigarette.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A．Whenever you feel like a cigarette, try to forget it by sleeping.
B．Try to start a conversation before asking for a light.
C．If you miss the feeling of having a cigarette in your mouth, play with a pen.
D．Every night before going to bed, repeat all the reasons 10 times.
小題2: From the passage, we know smokers __________.
A．should drink a lot of coffee B．have to stop to smoke from time to time
C．should drink a lot of wine D．should not do any exercise
小題3:According to the passage, what does the underlined word “prohibited” mean?
A．forbiddenB．a(chǎn)llowedC．receivedD．welcomed
小題4: If the passage is in a newspaper, which section is it in?
A．SportsB．NewsC．HealthD．Culture

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A number of scientific studies have suggested that repeatedly heading a football could increase the risk of developing dementia (癡呆癥) in later life.
In 2002, former England international footballer Jeff Astle died aged 59. A coroner (驗(yàn)尸官) said that Astle died from a brain disease likely to have been caused by “repeated small damages to the brain” related to heading a heavy leather football.
Dr. Scott Delaney, research director of emergency medicine at McGill University Health Center in Montreal, Canada, has also researched soccer-related head injury and agrees that head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows are the real risk.
In 2007, Delaney carried out a study on footballers aged between 12 and 17 that showed they were half as likely to be concussed (使腦部受到震蕩) wearing headgear (帽) than without.
He said youngsters have a higher risk of head injury than adults because their heads are thinner and less able to absorb shock. To make matters worse, their neck muscles aren’t as well developed and they often lack the correct heading technique that can help throw away the force of the ball.
Delaney recommends that children wear headgear when playing football and says his two eldest children wear head protection playing the sport. But he admits that children can be unwilling to be the first to wear head protection—especially when their football heroes play without it.
While headgear can protect footballers from being concussed during a match, no one knows the long-term effects of repeated “sub-concussive” blows to the head.
Delaney says that while there is indirect evidence that a career in soccer can lead to dementia, no one has yet found a sure link between the two. He says proving a link would mean monitoring hundreds of footballers for three or four decades—and that would take a lot of funding.
小題1:Which might be the best title of the passage?
A．Playing football may lead to brain damage.
B．Repeated small damages to the brain.
C．Footballers should wear headgear when playing. .
D．Evidence to dementia.
小題2:According to Delaney’s research, what is the most risky injuries to head?
A．Long-term effects of blows.
B．Wearing head protection.
C．Underdeveloped neck muscles.
D．Head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows.
小題3: Children are unwilling to wear headgear because they think _____ .
A．headgear is harmful to their headsB．headgear influences their skills
C．they should follow their idolsD．they mustn’t lead the fashion
小題4:It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____ .
A．Delaney has studied dementia for three or four decades
B．few footballers would like to be studied in the research
C．funding is important in order to carry out the research.
D．no one can find the link between playing football and dementia

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