Question

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. 

Though the belief in the merit (優(yōu)點(diǎn)) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫學(xué)家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

1.The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because ________.

A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.

B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths

D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing?

A. Afraid.       B. Curious.          C. Approving.          D. Uninterested.

3.How does the passage mainly develop?

A. By providing examples.                B. By making comparisons (比較).

C. By following the order of time.      D. By following the order of importance.

4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A. To stress the role of dirt.                

B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.      

D. To present the change of views on dirt.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.C

2.A

3.C

4.D

【解析】

試題分析：

1.C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四行A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.說明他們認(rèn)為浴室里可以傳染疾病，故關(guān)閉了所有的浴室，故C正確。

2.A 推理題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)3,4行Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty.說明他特別臟，因?yàn)樗�害怕因洗澡而生病，所以不洗澡，故A正確。

3.C根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容說明本文是按照時(shí)間的順序一直順著進(jìn)行下來，故C正確。

4.D主旨大意題。作者寫作本文的目的是為了向大家說明在過去和現(xiàn)在人們對于臟的不同觀點(diǎn)。故D正確。

考點(diǎn)：考查歷史類短文閱讀

點(diǎn)評：向大家說明過去和現(xiàn)在人們對于洗澡的不同觀點(diǎn)。本文對細(xì)節(jié)題和正在大意題考查較多，要求考生抓每一段的段落大意和全文的中心思想。