根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Culture means any human behavior that is learned in human society. All of the meaningful parts of a culture are passed on to different generations through tradition or social learning.1. Culture exists in agricultural as well as industrialized societies.

Culture is necessary for the survival and existence of human beings. Practically everything humans know, think, value, feel, and do is learned through taking part in a sociocultural system. 2. Here is one of the cases of children growing up apart from human society. In the province of Midnapore in India, the director of a children’s home was told by local villagers that there were “ghost” in the forest. Upon looking into the case, the director found that two children, one about eight years old and the other about six years old, appeared to have been living with a pack of wolves in the forest.3. In his diary, the director describes his first view of Kamala (as the older child was named) and Amala (the name given to the younger child):

Kamala was a terrible-looking being, the head, a big ball of something covering the shoulders. 4.Their eyes were bright and sharp, unlike human eyes. They were very fond of raw meat and raw milk. Gradually, as they got stronger, they began going on all fours, and afterwards began to run on all fours, just like squirrels.

Children learn human language in the same way they learn other kinds of human behavior — by taking part in a cultural community.5.

A. Culture refers only to the high art and classical music of a particular society.

B. This statement is well supported by some well-written cases.

C. Close at its heels there came another terrible creature exactly like the first, but smaller in size.

D. From this viewpoint, all human groups have a culture.

E. These children were the ghosts described by the local people.

F. They learn a certain human language as well as certain kinds of human behavior through their membership in a certain cultural community.

G. Human beings can only develop human abilities by the local people.

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In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad；that it sets one person against another；that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self worth relied (依賴)on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often life and death affairs. In their single minded pursuit(追求)of success, the development, of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However，while some seem to be lost in die desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which values only die winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying，they always have an excuse：“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.”What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

1.What does this passage mainly talk about?

A. Opinions about competition are different among people.

B. Competition helps to set up self-respect.

C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition.

2.Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

A. It builds up a sense of duty.

B. It pushes society forward.

C. It improves personal abilities.

D. It encourages individual efforts.

3.What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”?

A. One’s success in competition needs great efforts.

B. One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others.

C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.

D. One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.

4.Which point of view may the author agree to?

A. Every effort should be paid back.

B. Competition should be paid back.

C. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

D. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.

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— Oh, you sounded just like a native.

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So you think you know your dog. But how well does your dog know you? She probably recognizes you when she sees you. But can a dog tell by simply looking at you whether you have a happy or an angry expression on your face? Researchers in Austria have taught pet dogs to know the difference.

Dogs are very mindful of sound. When dog owners shout or speak in a strong, unkind voice, dogs often act ashamed and quietly move away from the area.

Recently, researchers found that dogs can look at our faces, and tell the difference between a smile and a frown(皺眉). The animals were able to recognize a look of praise from one of blame.

Researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna performed a series of experiments. They taught dogs to recognize facial expressions. They showed the dogs two pictures of either the upper or lower half of a person's face. On one picture, the person looked happy. The other appeared angry.

The dogs were then shown images of the eyes or mouths of people they had never seen before. They were also shown the left half of the faces used in training.

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Once the dogs learned to recognize which image was happy or angry, they could easily find the same expressions in pictures of any face.

Corsin Muller says future studies will try to show whether dogs can learn the meaning of facial expressions―for example, whether a frown shows that someone is angry.

In the experiments, researchers found the dogs were slower to link a reward, or prize, with recognition of the angry face. This suggested that dogs had an idea people with angry faces were best avoided.

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A. How one can know his dog well.

B. How a dog can probably be well trained.

C. How a dog can tell one something.

D. How a dog can know one’s expressions.

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C. escape quietly D. shout loudly

3.A dog is able to recognize one’s __________.

A. praise B. blame

C. anger D. all of the above

4.What can we learn from the passage?

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書面表達(dá)

假如你是濟(jì)南一中的李華，今年即將高中畢業(yè)。請根據(jù)以下要點給某英文報寫一篇英語短文，談?wù)勀銓Ω呷畹目捶ā?/p>

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(2)消除與同學(xué)之間的誤會；

(3)努力學(xué)習(xí)，實現(xiàn)人生夢想；

(4)對學(xué)弟、學(xué)妹的建議。

注意：

(1)可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫：

(2)詞數(shù)：100左右(開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù))。

High school is regarded as the best time in a person’s life．As a senior 3 student，it won’t take long before I graduate．___________________________________________________

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短文改錯

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（﹨）劃掉。

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注意:1. 每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞；

2. 只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

My school life is very interesting but meaningful. I usually get up at a quarter past six. After I wash his face, I read English for about half an hour, that I think is a good habit. I always go to school by bike, to eat lunch at school and have a short sleep in the classroom. On the afternoon school is over at 5 o’clock. After school, we often play basketball or do some other sport on the playground happy. I went home at about five forty. After have supper, I watch TV for while, and then I do my homework. I go to bed at about 9:30.

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Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.

Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses（球場） in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.

There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.

Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.

1.Which of the following is the author most probably support?

A. Cycling around a lake.

B. Motor racing in the desert.

C. Playing basketball in a gym.

D. Swimming in a sports center.

2.What do we know about golf from the passage?

A. It is popular in Portugal and Spain.

B. It causes water shortages around the world.

C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.

D. It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.

3.The author uses power walking as an example mainly because______.

A. it is an outdoor sport

B. it improves our health

C. it uses fewer resources

D. it is recommended by experts

4.The author writes the passage to_______.

A. show us the function of major sports

B. encourage us to go in for green sports

C. discuss the major influence of popular sports

D. introduce different types of environment-friendly sports

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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學(xué)年山西忻州第一中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期期末英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

People aren't walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid it.

I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.

It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was born in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. A well­known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrhams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly and walking is an ideal form of exercise---the most familiar and natural of all.

It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He can’t learn in a car.

The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more. To them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat; to them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.

I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.

1.What is the national sickness?

A. Walking too much.

B. Travelling too much.

C. Driving cars too much.

D. Climbing stairs too much.

2.What was life like when the author was young?

A. People usually went around on foot.

B. People often walked 25 miles a day.

C. People used to walk ten hours every day.

D. People considered a ten­hour walk as a hardship.

3. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?

A. A queue of cars.

B. A ray of traffic light.

C. A flash of lightning.

D. A stream of people.

4.What is the author's intention of writing this passage?

A. To tell people to reflect more on life.

B. To encourage people to return to walking.

C. To advise people to do outdoor activities.

D. To recommend people to give up driving.

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