Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia （癡呆） in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones （荷爾蒙） , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s （早老癡呆癥）. University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy are protecting the brain, including estrogen （雌激素）, which we know has many neuroprotective （保護(hù)神經(jīng)的） effects,” Kinsley said.
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations （改變） to the brain.”
小題1: How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?
A．Some researchers have told them.
B．Many women say so.
C．They know it by experimenting on rats.
D．They know it through their own experience.
小題2: What does the phrase “l(fā)itters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?
A．Baby rats.B．Animals. C．Old rats. D．Grown-up rats.
小題3: What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?
A．Estrogen.B．The hormones of pregnancy.
C．More exercise.D．Taking care of children.
小題4:“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?
A．The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.
B．The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.
C．The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.
D．The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.
小題1:C小題1:A小題1:B小題1:C
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The following are four kinds of medicine. How to use the medicine is very important. Never take some by mistake.
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   Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteen-year- olds. As usual, a pill at 6:00a.m. before breakfast, one before 11:00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart attack.
 
   The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adults. Don’t take the medicine without fever. Half for children under 12 years old. For children with a high fever, go to see a doctor at once.
 
   The medicine taken three times a day, once five pills for adults with a cold. Half of the pills for children under 14 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, supper or before sleep.
小題1:If a little child under six has a fever, it’s suggested that he ________.
A．take two tablets before sleepB．stop to take another pill
C．take one tablet before sleepD．go to see a doctor
小題2:Obviously a kind of medicine mentioned above isn’t proper for ________, judging from the information.
A．children over twelve years oldB．some adults of 18 years old
C．some old persons with heart attackD．neither adults nor children
小題3:When an adult has a cold, he had better __________.
A．have as many as fifteen pills a dayB．have twice a day
C．have four times a dayD．have nine pills a day
小題4:How many kinds of medicine can be taken by children of seven years old?
A．Two kinds.B．Three kinds.C．None.D．Four kinds.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Body and Food
Your body, which has close relations with the food you eat, is the most important thing you own, so it needs proper treatment and proper nourishment (營養(yǎng)).The old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away ”is not as silly as some people think. The body needs fruit and vegetables because they contain vitamin C. Many people take extra vitamins in pill form, believing that these will make them healthy.
But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins you need. The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins, so why waste money on them?
In the modern western world, many people are too busy to bother about eating properly. They throw anything into their stomachs, eating hurriedly and carelessly. The list of illnesses caused or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening,
小題1:“Your body has close relations with the food you eat.” It really means that ______.
A．a(chǎn)ll kinds of food you eat can be made into your body
B．your body is made up of the food you eat
C．what you eat has great effect on your health
D．the more you eat, the fitter you will feel
小題2:The old saying referred to in the passage tells us that ______.
A．eating apples regularly does lots of good to our health
B．the apple is the best among all kinds of fruits
C．a(chǎn)pples can take the place of doctors
D．a(chǎn)n apple is a sure cure for illness
小題3:From the passage we can draw a conclusion that if we want to keep healthy, we should ______.
A．only eat an apple a day
B．eat properly
C．take as many vitamin pills as possible
D．throw something into our stomachs slowly and carefully

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Making greener choices and encouraging healthy lifestyles can promote your health and benefit the environment．Here are some guidelines to follow:
Choose foods thoughtfully
Americans have never had such a variety or abundance of food to choose from．Besides so many choices, we now hear about our "food print", the amount of land needed to supply one person's nutritional needs for a year．Do we buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico or tomatoes grown locally in a hothouse? Do．we get the Granny Smiths from the fanners' market or the supermarket? Is organic produce healthier for us and the planet?
These are very complex issues that require analysis of many criteria, including the energy used in producing and transporting the food, as well as the type of soil and methods of raising the food．
Despite the complexities, there are some general guidelines you can follow．For instance, eat less meat or eat low on the food chain．Your doctor may have recommended you to restrict your consume red meat because of its too much fat content．Beyond that, there are environmental reasons, too. Raise food animals contributes substantially to climate change because a meat-based diet requires more land, energy and water than a plant - based one．
Drinking plenty of fluids is significant during hot weather or when exercising．But is bottled water the way to go? You may not think so when seeing the true costs．Based on a survey, manufacturing the 30 - plus billion plastic water bottles can produce more than 2．5 million tons of carbon dioxide and use here times the amount of water in the bottle．Adding in transportation, the energy used comes to over 50 million barrels of oil equivalent （等價(jià)物）．Consequently, skip the bottled water and drink tap water, both at home and at restaurants．Additionally, bottled water is not necessarily cleaner than tap.
小題1:In Paragraph 2 the author puts forward three questions mainly _____．
A．to prove Americans have less food to choose from
B．to show us the shopping habits of most Americans
C．to indicate Americans tend to buy food from abroad
D．to remind people to reconsider their food purchase
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A．it contains too much fatB．it costs a lot in transportation
C．it is too low on the food chainD．it isn't related to climate change
小題3:According to the text, which of the following is true?
A．Americans all prefer to buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico．
B．The plant - based diet is responsible for the climate change．
C．Americans have a variety of food to choose from．
D．Organic produce is the only choice for Americans．
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A．bottled water is cleaner than tap water
B．tap water is economical as well as eco - friendly
C．bottled water is more available than tap water
D．tap water uses one - third the cost of bottled water
小題5:What is the best subtitle for the last paragraph?
A．Skip bottled water, carry tapB．Drink bottled water
C．Produce plastic water bottlesD．Save water resources

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Is there anything more important than health? I don’t think so. “Health is the greatest wealth.” wise people say. You can’t be good at your studies or work well when you are ill.If you have a
headache, toothache, backache, earache or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a bad cough, if you run a high temperature and have a bad cold, or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure, I think you should go to the doctor. The doctor will examine your throat, feel your pulse, test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound your heart and lungs, test your eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed. After that he will advise some treatment, or some medicine. The only thing you have to do is to follow his advice.    
Speaking about doctor’s advice, I can’t help telling you a funny story. An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was very ill. He told the doctor about his weakness, memory loss and serious problems with his heart and lungs. The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his disease. He told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month and have a good rest. He also advised him to eat a lot of meat, drink two glasses of red wine every day and take long walks. In other words, the doctor advised him to follow the rule: “Eat with pleasure, drink with pleasure and enjoy life as it is.” The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again, he shouldn’t smoke more than one cigarette a day. A month later the gentleman came into the doctor’s office. He looked cheerful and happy. He thanked the doctor and said that he had never felt a healthier man.“ But you know, doctor,” he said, “it’s not easy to begin smoking at my age.”
小題1:The writer thinks that_____.
A．health is more important than wealthB．work is as important as studies
C．medicine is more important than pleasureD．nothing is more important than money
小題2: The doctor usually tells his patient what to do______.
A．without examining the patientB．a(chǎn)fter he has examined the patient
C．if the patient doesn’t take medicineD．unless the patient feels pain
小題3: The underlined part means “______”.
A．he was feeling better than everB．he wasn’t a healthy man
C．he was feeling worse than beforeD．he will be well again
小題4:From the last sentence of the passage, we learn the man_______ before the doctor told him not to smoke more than one cigarette a day.
A．was a heavy smokerB．didn’t smoke so much
C．didn’t smokeD．began to learn to smoke
小題5: Which of the following is NOT true?
A．The doctor usually tests his/her blood pressure when a person is ill.
B．The man told the doctor he couldn’t remember things.
C．The man thanked the doctor.D．The man didn’t follow the doctor’s advice.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

SHANGHAI - Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families, 50 percent in public places, and almost 6 percent on public transportation, shows a research released by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center on Tuesday.
"Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking," said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
"Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke."
Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.
Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not develop mentally as quickly as their peers．
Other research by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke-filled household, where one or both parents smoke．
"Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally 'smoke free' home," said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke, 180 million of them younger than 15．The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.
"There are more young smokers than before．You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street．Some of them are even female students," said Jing Xingming, a professor of children's developmental behavior at the center.
"Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents．If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle," Jin said.
Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers．Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.
小題1:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．About half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
B．Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.
C．More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.
D．Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.
小題2:What kind of the youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?
A．Children of non-smoking mothers.B．Children of non-smoking fathers.
C．Children of heavy smokers.D．Children from some smoking centers.
小題3:Which of the following disease may not be connected with secondhand smoking?
A．Cancer.B．Behavioral problems.C．Sore throats.D．Coughs.
小題4:The underlined word “vicious” in the last paragraph but one most probably means ___________.
A．completeB．simpleC．greatD．bad
小題5:What can be inferred from the passage?
A．About 80% of the children in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center smoke heavily.
B．About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
C．About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.
D．Children aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A number of scientific studies have suggested that repeatedly heading a football could increase the risk of developing dementia (癡呆癥) in later life.
In 2002, former England international footballer Jeff Astle died aged 59. A coroner (驗(yàn)尸官) said that Astle died from a brain disease likely to have been caused by “repeated small damages to the brain” related to heading a heavy leather football.
Dr. Scott Delaney, research director of emergency medicine at McGill University Health Center in Montreal, Canada, has also researched soccer-related head injury and agrees that head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows are the real risk.
In 2007, Delaney carried out a study on footballers aged between 12 and 17 that showed they were half as likely to be concussed (使腦部受到震蕩) wearing headgear (帽) than without.
He said youngsters have a higher risk of head injury than adults because their heads are thinner and less able to absorb shock. To make matters worse, their neck muscles aren’t as well developed and they often lack the correct heading technique that can help throw away the force of the ball.
Delaney recommends that children wear headgear when playing football and says his two eldest children wear head protection playing the sport. But he admits that children can be unwilling to be the first to wear head protection—especially when their football heroes play without it.
While headgear can protect footballers from being concussed during a match, no one knows the long-term effects of repeated “sub-concussive” blows to the head.
Delaney says that while there is indirect evidence that a career in soccer can lead to dementia, no one has yet found a sure link between the two. He says proving a link would mean monitoring hundreds of footballers for three or four decades—and that would take a lot of funding.
小題1:Which might be the best title of the passage?
A．Playing football may lead to brain damage.
B．Repeated small damages to the brain.
C．Footballers should wear headgear when playing. .
D．Evidence to dementia.
小題2:According to Delaney’s research, what is the most risky injuries to head?
A．Long-term effects of blows.
B．Wearing head protection.
C．Underdeveloped neck muscles.
D．Head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows.
小題3: Children are unwilling to wear headgear because they think _____ .
A．headgear is harmful to their headsB．headgear influences their skills
C．they should follow their idolsD．they mustn’t lead the fashion
小題4:It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____ .
A．Delaney has studied dementia for three or four decades
B．few footballers would like to be studied in the research
C．funding is important in order to carry out the research.
D．no one can find the link between playing football and dementia

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss.The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories of loud music or other common sound at home and at work. A person only needs to hear the noise for little mire than one second to be affected.
An American scientist has found that using aspirin (阿斯匹林) increase the temporary (暫時(shí)的)hearing loss or damage from loud noise. He did an experiment using a number of students at a university who all had normal hearing. He gave them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time, then he tested their hearing ability. He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin. The hearing loss was about two times as great.
The scientist said millions of persons in the U.S. use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in his experiment. He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise.
小題1:.
.Doctors have long known that__________.
A．one may lose his hearing when he hears a terribly loud noise.
B．one may become deaf when he hears a loud noise.
C．loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of the young people only
D．common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear
小題2:.
.One conclusion you can draw from the passage is that aspirin________.
A．makes hearing damage from loud noise worse
B．should never be taken more than four grams
C．can damage one’s hearing when it is given more than four grams daily
D．a(chǎn)lways increases hearing loss by two times
小題3:.
. The American scientist did his experiment in order to find ________.
A．how much aspirin would affect a person’s hearing
B．how much aspirin should be given in the treatment of the patients with hearing damage from loud noise
C．whether aspirin would increase the temporary hearing damage from loud noises
D．whether the people who had hearing damage should use aspirin

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

  Just five minutes of exercise a day outdoors can improve mental health, according to a study.
Researchers from the University of Essex, UK have found that as little as five minutes of a “green activity” such as walking, gardening, cycling or farming could help to improve mood and increase self-esteem (自信).
Many studies have shown that outdoor exercise can reduce the risk of mental illness and improve a sense of well-being, but the new study, led by Jules Pretty and Jo Barton, was the first to determine how much time needed to be spent on green exercise for the benefits to show.
Barton and Pretty looked at data from 1,252 people of different ages, genders (性別) and mental health status (情況) taken from 10 studies in Britain.
They analyzed their different outdoor activities including walking, gardening, cycling, fishing, boating, horse-riding and farming in locations such as a park, garden or nature trail (路徑).
They found that the mental health changes were seen after just five minutes. With longer periods of time exercising in a green environment, the positive effects were more apparent.
Looking at men and women of different ages, the researchers found the health changes were particularly strong in the young and the mentally ill.
Green and blue
A bigger effect was seen with exercise in an area that also contained water – such as a lake or river.
“This is because historically we are drawn to water to survive and it is in our genetic (遺傳的) make-up to be at one with nature,” the researchers wrote in their report.
Pretty said those who were generally inactive, or stressed, or with mental illness would probably benefit the most from “green exercise”.
“Employers, for example, could encourage staff in stressful workplaces to take a short walk at lunchtime in the nearest park to improve mental health.”
He also said exercise programs outdoors could benefit youth offenders.
小題1:How is the study this article refers to different from other studies?
A．It involved more people.
B．It took longer to finish the research.
C．It determined the exact amount of time needed.
D．It was led by just two researchers.
小題2: What can we conclude from the findings of the study?
A．Just five minutes of “green exercise” daily can help improve mental health.
B．Gardeners and farmers do not need “green exercise”.
C．Walking in a park with a lake will weaken the effect.
D．“Green exercise” is not suitable for the mentally ill.
小題3:. According to Pretty, _______ would probably benefit the most from “green exercise”.
A．stressed, inactive peopleB．office workers
C．youth offenders D．women and children
小題4: What is the main problem discussed in this article?
A．Physical well-being. B．Outdoor exercise.
C．Mental illness. D．Harmony with nature.

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