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Online shoppers would rather receive an offer for a product or service than make their own offer 3 according to a study led by a Michigan State University scholar that has implications for the fast-growing e-commerce industry. The findings may come as a surprise given that shopping online is an anonymous(匿名的）process that seemingly can give consumers more confidence to drive a hard bargain,said Don Conlon ，Professor of Management in MSU’s Broad College of Business.
But the study found that participants who made their own offers were less successful in sealing the deal and ，when they were successful? worried they overpaid Many shoppers found the process of researching an offer to be a hassle. “ Americans are very busy，and it’s less time-consuming to be the one receiving the offer rather than the one proposing the offer  ” Conlon said. u People tend to be happier when they’re in the receiver role. ”
Online spending in the United States is expected to jump 45 percent in the next four years， from $ 226 billion this year to $ 327 billion in 2017，according to Forrester Research Inc. Nevertheless, researches into this prosperous market remain largely focused on the strategies of companies, rather than those o£ shoppers. Conlon’s study is ，obviously, a rare exception.
Conlon got the idea for the study after considering the difference between two popular sites for hotels and airline flights, priceline.com, which takes bids, and hotwire.com ，which provides offers. Using these two models ，Conlon and his fellow researchers conducted a series of experiments with more than 850 people who were charged with booking a fictional hotel room and acquiring a fictional antique car. Not only did participants prefer to receive bids, Conlon said ，but they also secured more deals in that receiver role. Further ，when they had to make the bids ，they were left more mentally taxed and regretful.
From an industry perspective，putting customers in the receiver role may help fill more hotel rooms and airplane seats. “If you’re a business with a lot of products3 ” Conlon said，“you may want to be the one making the offers. ” However, when selling single items, such as an antique car， accepting bids may be a better option since that typically drives up the price, he said.
小題1:What can we learn from Para. 1?
A．The result of the study gives customers more confidence.
B．Scholars aren’t surprised at the findings of the study.
C．Online shoppers don’t bargain as much as expected.
D．E-commerce industry drives more hard bargains.
小題2:It can be concluded from Conlon’s experiments that______.
A．online shopping is time-consuming
B．given prices help promote online sales
C．online businesses provide a lot of products
D．receiving offers makes online shoppers regretful
小題3:The underlined word “taxed” in Para. 4 probably means______.
A．burdenedB．numbedC．relievedD．challenged
小題4:The passage is mainly about______.
A．the big advantages of online shopping
B．the rapid development of online shopping
C．online shoppers’ preference for taking offers
D．online companies strategies to improve service

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:C

試題分析：這篇文章講的是網絡購物者更喜歡接受價格。但研究人員指出：顧客給出價格可以幫助促進網絡銷售。
小題1:細節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：Online shoppers would rather receive an offer for a product or service than make their own offer 3可知網上購物的人并不像預料的那樣討價還價。選C
小題2:推理題：從文章最后一段的句子：when selling single items, such as an antique car， accepting bids may be a better option since that typically drives up the price, he said.
可知顧客給出價格可以幫助促進網絡銷售。選B
小題3:猜詞題：從并列的形容詞：regretful可知這個單詞是有負擔的，選A
小題4:主旨題：從第一段的句子：Online shoppers would rather receive an offer for a product or service than make their own offer 3 可知這篇文章講的是網絡購物者更喜歡接受價格。選C
點評：這篇文章講的是網絡購物者更喜歡接受價格。但研究人員指出：顧客給出價格可以幫助促進網絡銷售。要求考生在仔細審題和研讀選項的基礎之上，到文章中尋找對應的語群，合理推斷，做出選擇。
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小題3:
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B
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任務型讀寫(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)
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Title: Special ideas for Mother’s Day
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Be tired of the same old schedule on Mother’s Day.
 
1) _______
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Avoid the (2) ______
Have lower prices
 
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See a (5) ______ or take a photo with her
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Take her to a (7) _____
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Buy her special (8) _____ and oils and scented candles
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Make sure you do something (10) ____ for your mother.
 

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C．has a long history
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Then there are objects called "white elephants"．A white elephant is something you think is extremely ugly or useless．It may be an electric light shaped like a fish．You feel a sharp pain whenever you look at it．To someone else, however, it might be a thing of beauty and joy．
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小題1:What kind of things will go to a yard sale?
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C．Things out of season．D．Things of beauty and joy．
小題2:A white elephant refers to something _____．
A．that can cause a feeling of pain
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C．that looks like a golden fish
D．sold at the lowest prices in the old newspaper
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