An Australian researcher is urging parents to load up their teenager’s backpack and make them walk to school.
Professor Leon Straker says students who walk or cycle to school are less likely to have back and neck pain. But the study of 1,202 Western Australian 14­year­old found that 72% of students travelled to school by car or bus. Straker says the study suggests walking or cycling while carrying a schoolbag helps improve trunk (軀干) and spinal (脊柱的) muscle strength.
This helps reduce back pain because greater muscle strength improves support for the back during load carrying .Despite advocating that parents get their children moving，Straker warns bag load should not exceed (超過) 15% of body weight.
Straker says the study also stresses that neck pain is as common as back pain among young teenagers. This is an area that has been largely ignored，he says，but can be an important indicator of neck pain into adulthood.
For the study，students were asked a series of questions such as how long they carried their bags for，how they carried their schoolbags，the method of travel，and their perceptions(感覺) about the bag’s weight.
Straker says about half of all participants experienced back and neck pain，with slightly more females reporting neck pain. However，the gender (性別) difference may also be due to the fact that females have lower pain tolerance.
Studies from the 1980s found carrying a bag over one shoulder was most common among teenagers. However in this study 85% of participants carried their bag over both shoulders.
Straker believes the change has been driven partly through education campaigns，but also by increasing fashion status of backpacks and improved design.
小題1:In the opinion of Leon Straker，parents should________.
A．reduce the load of their children’s schoolbags
B．put more books in their children’s schoolbags
C．get their children’s schoolbags ready for school
D．a(chǎn)sk their children to walk to school carrying schoolbags
小題2:If a child weighs 40 kilograms，the weight of his schoolbag should be________.
A．no more than 15 kg
B．less than 6 kg
C．a(chǎn)s heavy as 9 kg
D．more than 6 kg
小題3:We can learn from the passage that________.
A．most of the students in Australia walk to school
B．neck pain is uncommon among young teenagers
C．walking while carrying a backpack helps reduce back pain
D．males are more likely to experience back pain than females
小題4:According to the passage，what change has taken place since the 1980s?
A．How students carry their schoolbags.
B．How heavy students’ schoolbags are.
C．How students go to school every day.
D．How long students carry their schoolbags for.

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:A

試題分析：本文敘述了為了孩子的健康問題專家建議，不要讓孩子坐車去上學(xué)，而是要背著書包走著去上學(xué)，當(dāng)然背包的重量不要超過孩子體重的15%，或者讓孩子騎著自行車去上學(xué)。這樣做的好處是能夠加強脊柱肌肉的力量和緩解背痛的問題。
小題1:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)An Australian researcher is urging parents to load up their teenager’s backpack and make them walk to school.澳大利亞一位研究人員敦促家長裝載他們的青少年的背包,讓他們走路上學(xué)故選D。
小題2:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Straker warns bag load should not exceed (超過) 15% of body weight.故選B。
小題3:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Straker says the study suggests walking or cycling while carrying a schoolbag helps improve trunk (軀干) and spinal (脊柱的) muscle strength.和
This helps reduce back pain because greater muscle strength improves support for the back during load carrying .背書包上學(xué)可以緩解背痛的問題，故選C。
小題4:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Studies from the 1980s found carrying a bag over one shoulder was most common among teenagers. However in this study 85% of participants carried their bag over both shoulders.研究從20世紀80年代發(fā)現(xiàn)單肩背書包青少年中很流行。然而在這項研究中,85%的人現(xiàn)在是雙肩背包很受歡迎。故選A。
點評：細節(jié)事實理解題主要考查考生對文章中某一些特定細節(jié)或文章的重要實事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語義理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要學(xué)生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。而語義理解題須將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換才能得出結(jié)論。這類題目要求考生能理解原文中某個短語或句子的含義，從而找到與答案意思相同的詞語和句子。
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