Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough，the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent（程度）our intelligence is given to us at birth，and special education can never make a genius(天才) out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to say that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins, they  will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters，parents and children，usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine that now we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.
小題1:By using the example that two people closer in blood relationship are closer in intelligence that writer wants to prove    _    .
A．intelligence can be developed by environment
B．intelligence is given at birth
C．intelligence can be developed by experience
D．education plays an important part in the development of education
小題2:A child who lives in rich and varied surroundings turns out higher in intelligence because ________.
A．his family is rich and therefore can afford to develop his intelligence
B．he can break the limits of intelligence fixed at birth
C．his family is rich and provides him with various healthy food
D．these surroundings are likely to help him reach the limits of their intelligence
小題3:In the second paragraph “if we take two unrelated people at random from the population．．．” means “if we ____．”
A．choose two persons who are relative
B．take out two different persons
C．choose two persons with different intelligence
D．pick any two persons
小題4:The best title for this passage might be __________.        
A．Birth and EnvironmentB．Intelligence
C．The Answer to a QuestionD．Intelligence and Education

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:B

小題1:B 推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知人的智力受出身的影響，也首環(huán)境的影響。舉這個例子是想告訴我們?nèi)说闹橇κ鞘壮錾碛绊懙摹?br />小題2:D 推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段人的智力受出身的影響，也首環(huán)境的影響。一個生活在富有的多樣化的環(huán)境中的人智力更高，這個例子想說明環(huán)境對人的智力的影響。故D正確。
小題3:C 推理題。本題是指找兩個沒有任何關(guān)系的人。因為沒有任何關(guān)系，意味著他們的智力可能完全不一樣，故C正確。
小題4:B 主旨大意題。主旨主要講述的就是影響智力的因素，故Ｂ正確。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, "In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence". Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive ears, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解決) : stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well Rude words, name-calling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy (策略) for conflict resolution : listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, "64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student co-operation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves'. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
小題1:From Paragraph 2 we can learn that_______
A．violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B．a(chǎn) small conflict can lead to violence
C．students tend to lose their temper easily
D．the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
小題2:Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?
A．To find out who is to blame.
B．To get ready to try new things.
C．To make clear what the real issue is.
D．To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
小題3:After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that______
A．there was a decrease in classroom violence
B．there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C．more teachers felt better about themselves in schools
D．the teacher-student relationship greatly improved
小題4:The writer's purpose for writing this article is to_______
A．complain about problems in school education
B．teach students different strategies for school life
C．favor teaching conflict management in schools
D．inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Light travels at a speed which is about a million times faster than the speed of  sound. You can get some idea of this difference by watching the start of a race. If    you stand some distance away from the starter, you can see smoke from his gun      before the sound reaches your ears.
This great speed of light produces some strange facts. Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach us. If you look at the light of the moon tonight, remember that the light   rays left the moon 1.3 seconds before they reached you. The nearest star is so far  away that the light that you can see from it tonight started to travel towards you    four years ago at a speed of nearly 2 million km. per minute. In some cases, the    light from one of tonight’s stars had started on its journey to you before you were born.
Thus, if we want to be honest, we can’t say, “The stars are shining tonight.” We   have to say instead, “The stars look pretty. They were shining four years ago, but    their light has only just reached the earth.”
小題1: Light speed is ______ sound speed
A．a(chǎn)s fast asB．a(chǎn) million times slower than
C．a(chǎn)bout millions of times faster thanD．a(chǎn)bout a million times faster than
小題2:If you stand 200 meters away from a man who is firing a gun to start a race, you will find out that ______.
A．you can hear the sound before you see the smoke
B．the sound does not travel as fast as light
C．the sound will reach you before the man fires
D．sound travels about a million times faster than light
小題3:Sunlight obviously (明顯地) ______ than the light of the moon
A．has to travel a greater distanceB．moves less quickly
C．travels much more quicklyD．is less powerful(有力的)
小題4:The scientific way of saying "The stars are shining tonight" should be ______.
A．the stars have been shining all the time
B．the stars seen tonight will shine four years later
C．the stars were shining long ago but seen tonight
D．the starlight seen today could be seen four years ago

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away—straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared(紅外線)scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide(殺蟲劑)spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don't have pest problems.
Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a colour­coded map showing where plants were running “fevers”. Farmers could then spot­spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long­term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States, ” says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
小題1:Plants will send out an increased amount of heat when they are________.
A．facing an infrared scanner
B．sprayed with pesticides
C．in poor physical condition
D．exposed to excessive sun rays
小題2:In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to________.
A．estimate the damage to the crops
B．draw a colour­coded map
C．measure the size of the affected area
D．locate the problem area
小題3:Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by________.
A．resorting to spot­spraying
B．transforming poisoned rain
C．consulting infrared scanning experts
D．detecting crop problems at an early stage
小題4:The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties—________.
A．its high cost
B．the lack of official support
C．the lack of financial support
D．its failure to help increase production

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are some places in the world where great cities once stood. There were trees, gardens and grass. But now these cities have gone and the places are like deserts. Scientists began to study this land to find out what happened. Many of them believed the land died when the trees were cut down.
Trees help other plants grow and help hold the soil in place. They keep the soil from blowing away. The leaves of trees on the ground keep rainwater from running off. Trees near farms protect growing plants from strong winds.
Once there were hundreds of farms in the southwestern United States. Then the farms turned into fields of dry dust. Trees might have saved these farms. But few trees grow in the dry southwest now.
Now we try to save trees. In many places, when a tree is cut down , a new tree is planted in its place . We do not want the land to die.
小題1:Places where great cities once stood are now like ______ .
A．farmsB．gardensC．desertsD．fields
小題2:What can trees do according to the passage ?
A．Trees can keep other plants green
B．Trees can help other plants grow .
C．Trees can help the land grow .
D．Trees can keep other plants in place .
小題3:Which is true ?
A．Trees let the rainwater run off .
B．All the farms in the United States have turned into deserts .
C．There aren’t any trees in the dry southwest now .
D．Land will die if there are no trees .
小題4:The main idea of this passage is _________ .
A．that farms are better than cities
B．how farms turned into deserts
C．that trees are important to the land
D．how people save trees
小題5:From the passage we know that _______ .
A．trees can blow soil away
B．man should protect the land
C．trees grow only in deserts
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Now let's look ourselves as a species in relation to ecosystem balance.Modern scientists believe that humankind, like other animals, evolved(進(jìn)化) through millions of years of changes and adaptations to the environment and that our most direct evolutionary ancestor was probably an earlier species of the primate(monkey, ape) group. Despite this similarity with other creatures, however, the evolution of humankind differs from that of other species in one important and unique way.
In other species, evolution has led to specialization, both in the species abilities and in its place within the environmental structure. For example, the giraffe is much adapted to feeding on treetops, but it is also specialized and thus limited to feeding on trees and shrubs. Only with great difficulty can it bend down to graze on the ground. Similarly, the anteater is extremely well adapted to eating ants but is unable to catch or eat other animals. The same is true for countless other species.
For humankind it is opposite. Our evolution had led to a very generalized ability. Our highly developed intelligence and ability to make and handle tools mean that we can do almost anything. Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space. No natural competitor offers great resistance, and other natural enemies such as disease have been controlled.
Said another way, we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance. The result is the rapidly increasing world population, frequently referred to as the population explosion. Further, to support our growing population, natural ecosystems are being increasingly displaced by human habitations, agriculture, and other human supporting activities.
小題1:From the passage we can infer that in the course of evolution _______.
A．humankind is very important to earlier species, such as the primate group
B．human beings are limited by the environment while animals are not
C．human beings become more and more different from each other
D．humankind has experienced a generalization rather than specialization in ability
小題2:According to the passage, primate includes such animals as _______.
A．monkeys and anteatersB．tigers and apes
C．a(chǎn)pes and monkeysD．monkeys and giraffes
小題3:According to the passage, evolution has made it possible for humans to _______.
A．increase the population
B．resist natural offers
C．go to the moon
D．cure all diseases
小題4:According to the author, imbalance between biological potential and environ mental resistance has resulted in _______.
A．the population explosion
B．the destruction of human habitations
C．the growth of natural ecosystem
D．the specialization of humans

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Popeye the Sailor first became a popular cartoon in the 1930s.The sailor in that cartoon ate lots of spinach(菠菜) to make him strong. People watched him, and they began to buy and eat a lot more spinach. Popeye helped sell 33 percent more spinach than before! Spinach became a necessary part of many people’s diets. Even some children who hated the taste began to eat the vegetable.
Many people thought that the iron in spinach made Popeye strong, but this is not true. Spinach does not have any more iron than any other green vegetable.
People only thought spinach had a lot of iron because the people who studied the food made a mistake. In the 1890s, a group of people studied what was inside vegetables. This group said that spinach had ten times more iron than it did. The group wrote the number wrong, and everyone accepted it.
Today, we know that the little iron there is in spinach cannot make a difference in how strong a person is. However, spinach does have something else which the body needs—folic acid(葉酸).
It is interesting to point out that folic acid can help make a person strong. Maybe it was really the folic acid that made Popeye strong all along.   
小題1:A good title for this reading passage is______.
A．Popeye the Sailor
B．The Truth About Spinach
C．A Mistake with Numbers
D．Folic Acid Makes You Strong
小題2:Why did many people eat spinach after they saw Popeye the Sailor?
A．They thought spinach made them strong.
B．They thought Popeye was funny.
C．Spinach had a lot of iron.
D．People liked folic acid.
小題3:A research group told people that spinach______.
A．made Popeye strong
B．was a green vegetable
C．had less iron than other green vegetables
D．had more iron than other green vegetables
小題4:Folic acid is ______.
A．something in food
B．a(chǎn) vegetable
C．dangerous
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Futurologists predict that life will probably be very different in 2050.
TV channels will have disappeared. Instead, people will choose a program from a “menu” and a computer will send the program directly to the television. Today, we can use the World Wide Web to read newspaper stories and see pictures on a computer thousands of kilometers away. By 2050, music, films, programs, newspapers, and books will come to us by computer.
Cars will run on new, clean fuels and they will go very fast. Cars will have computers to control the speed and there won’t be any accidents. Today, many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination. Space planes will take people halfway around the world in 2 hours. Today, the United States Space Shuttle can go into space and land on Earth again. By 2050, space planes will fly all over the world and people will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just 2 hours.
Robots will have replaced people in factories. Many factories already use robots. Big companies prefer robots — they don’t ask for pay rises or go on strike, and they work 24 hours a day. By 2050, we will see robots everywhere — in factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops and homes.
Medical technology will have conquered many diseases. Today, there are devices（設(shè)備）that connect directly to the brain to help people hear. By 2050, we will be able to help blind and deaf people to see and hear again.
Scientist will have discovered how to control genes（基因）. Scientists have already produced clones of animals. By 2050, scientists will be able to produce clones of people, and decide how they look, how they behave and how clever they are. Scientists will be able to do these things, but should they?
小題1:We can learn from the passage that some big companies prefer robots to human workers, because human workers __________.
A．often ask for more pay
B．can work 24 hours a day
C．a(chǎn)re not clever enough
D．a(chǎn)re often late for work
小題2:The underlined word “conquered” in Paragraph 5 most probably means ________.
A．discoveredB．treatedC．causedD．cured
小題3:It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that _________.
A．few diseases will attack people by 2050
B．there will be no blind and deaf people by 2050
C．medical technology will be more effective by 2050
D．devices are connected directly to the brain to help people hear
小題4:What is the author’s attitude towards the cloning technology?
A．The author does not support the use of cloning technology.
B．The author thinks human cloning is impossible.
C．The author does not really support the idea of human cloning.
D．The author is quite excited about human cloning.
小題5:According to the passage, which of the following can be realized today?
A．Read newspapers on a computer.
B．Make a space shuttle to go into the land.
C．Use computers to control car speed.
D．Choose TV programs freely from a “menu”.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Imagine, one day, getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours, and then, after a full day of work, going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.
Sounds unusual, doesn't it? But it's not that unrealistic, with the development of China’s high—speed railway system. And that’s not all. China has an even greater high-speed railway plan—to connect the country with Southeast Asia, and eventually Eastern Europe.
China is negotiating to extend its own high·-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years, eventually reaching London and Singapore.
China has proposed three such projects. The first would possibly connect Kunming with  Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia. Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, and possibly to Germany. The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe.
If China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward, people could zip over from London to Berlin in under two days.
The new system would still follow China’s high-speed railway standard. And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour, almost as fast as some airplanes.
China’s bullet train(高速客車),the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou, already has the   World’s fastest average speed. It covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours.
Of course, there are some technical challenges to overcome. There are so many issues that need to be settled, such as safety, rail gauge(軌距),maintenance of railway tracks. So, it’s important to pay attention to every detail.
But the key issue is really money. China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion.
China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital  investment. Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development.
It’ll be a win-win project. For other countries, the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business, tourism and so on, not to mention the better communication among those countries.
For China, such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources, but would also help develop China’s far west. We foresee that in the coming decades, millions of people will migrate to the western regions, where the land is empty and resources unused. With high-speed trains, people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all. And they’11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries.
小題1:China’s new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because     .
A．China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions
B．China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways
C．China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries
D．the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation, business and tourism
小題2:According to the passage, the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is     .
A．technical issues
B．safety of the system
C．financial problems
D．maintenance of railway tracks
小題3:Which of the following words best describes the author’s attitude towards China’s high-speed railway plan?
A．Critical.B．Reserved.C．DoubtfulD．Positive.
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．New Railway Standards
B．Big Railway Dreams
C．High-speed Bullet Trains
D．International Railway Network

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