Question

Surgical teams accidentally leave clamps, sponges and other tools inside about 1,500 patients nationwide each year.
The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications(并發(fā)癥) discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported.
The study found that emergency operations are nine times more likely to lead to such mistakes, and operating–room complications requiring a change in procedure are four times more likely.
It also happens more often to fat patients, simply because there is more room inside them to lose equipment, according to the study.
Two–thirds of the mistakes happened even though the equipment was counted before and after the procedure, in keeping with the standard practice.
Most lost objects were sponges, but also included were metal clamps and electrodes(電極). In two cases, 11–inch retractors (牽引器) metal strips were forgotten inside patients. In another operation, four sponges were left inside someone. When there is significant bleeding and a sponge is placed in a patient, it can sometimes look indistinguishable from the tissue around it.
The lost objects usually lay around the abdomen (腹腔) or hips but sometimes in the chest. They often caused tears or infections. Most patients needed additional surgery to remove the object. In other cases, patients even sensed nothing about the object, and it turned up in later surgery for other problems.
To prevent such mistakes from happening, Loyola University Medical Center is becoming one of the first hospitals in the country to use sponges outfitted with bar codes. The new system was brought to Loyola through the efforts of the hospital’s operating room nurses.
Another effective way is to X–ray patients after surgery to reduce the likelihood of objects being left inside patients.
小題1:In which of the following situations are objects most likely to be left inside a patient?

A．The nurses are counting the equipment and the patient is being X–rayed.

B．The surgeons are doing the last operation of the day, and everyone is exhausted.

C．unexpected happens and some changes must be made in the procedure.

D．A complex operation is going on according to the plan made by many experts.

小題2:Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Such mistakes happen more often to fat patients.

B．1,500 patients suffer from the mistake all over the world every year.

C．X–ray examination can help to find the lost objects.

D．The mistake largely results from stress rather than tiredness.

小題3:What can we infer from the passage?

A．Surgical teams aren’t to blame for the mistakes.

B．Some people never know there is something left inside their body.

C．Most mistakes happen because equipment isn’t counted after the procedure.

D．Only some small objects may be left inside the patients.

小題4:What is the best title for the passage?

A．Never Trust Anyone	B．A Mistake in the Operating Room
C．Carelessness and Mistakes	D．Tips for Patient Safety

Answer 1

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:B

試題分析：文章主要講的是外科手術中出現(xiàn)的錯誤，主要是把醫(yī)療器械留在患者體內(nèi)。
小題1:細節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications(并發(fā)癥) discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported.
可知因為預料不到的事情發(fā)生和手術的改變，醫(yī)療器械才被留在患者體內(nèi)。選C
小題2:細節(jié)題;從第一段的句子：Surgical teams accidentally leave clamps, sponges and other tools inside about 1,500 patients nationwide each year.可知全國每年有1500個病人遭受這樣的痛苦。選B
小題3:細節(jié)題：從第七段的句子：patients even sensed nothing about the object, and it turned up in later surgery for other problems.可知有的病人不知道有東西在體內(nèi)。選B
小題4:主旨題：文章主要講的是外科手術中出現(xiàn)的錯誤，主要是把醫(yī)療器械留在患者體內(nèi)，選B
點評：文章分析了具體的現(xiàn)象。測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋�？忌�首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。