The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth , is of great importance to African ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.

It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.

Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.

What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.

11. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Disappearance of African elephants.

B. Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.

C. The effect of African elephants' search for food.

D. The eating habit of African elephants.

12. What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?

A. Fixing the time.                                   B. Worsening the state.

C. Improving the quality.                          D. Deciding the conditions.

13. What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?

A. They result from the destruction of rain forests.

B. They provide food mainly for African elephants.

C. They are home to many endangered animals

D. They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.

14. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The African elephant is the largest animal on earth.

B. African elephants have 300 pounds of plants every day, including small trees and underbushes.

C. The African elephant is in a way the builder of the environment like other land animals

D. If the African elephant disappears, the whole ecosystem won’t be affected..

15. The passage is developed mainly by        .

A. showing the effect and then explaining the causes

B. pointing out similarities and differences

C. describing the changes in space order

D. giving examples

11-14 CDDB


解析:

本文主要講述了非洲大象的食物鏈對周圍環(huán)境的影響。

11. C  主旨大意題。 往往文章的第一段和最后一段都是透漏文章主旨的地方。而本文正是這樣。我們從這兩段可以讀出,這篇文章是關(guān)于非洲象尋找食物所帶來的影響的,所以應(yīng)該選擇C。

12. D  詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上半句和下文existence for millions of other animals可知。

13. D  細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Open space出現(xiàn)在文中的第二段的第三句和第四句。從第四句中我們可以得知這樣的空地很容易吸引各種各樣的食草動(dòng)物,所以選擇D。

14. B  細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第二句話可判斷B為正確答案。

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Ray Travers sat back at the large desk, and looked around his plush(豪華的)office.He was tired.
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C.Ray's relative in AfricaD.a(chǎn)n African woodcarving artist
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B.Bull was good at making works of art.
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From:
<joseph_yana@orange.net> 
IP Address:
193.252.22.118 (originates from France) 
Date:
Mon, 02-Feb-2009 09:37:04am 
Attachment:
(No attachment)
Subject:
[G-Spam] PLEASE REPLY BACK. 
Message:
CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS PROPOSAL.
FROM THE DESK OF: MR. JOSEPH YANA.
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB)
BURKINA-FASO.
Dear Sir / Madam,
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Upon receiving your reply, I will send to you by fax or e-mail the text of the application which you shall retype and fax to us. Trusting to receive your urgent reply through my alternative Email : jyana96 @ yahoo.co.id
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Slowly entering town he looked around.Ray sat in his car, looking at the old building, smiling. Inside it was almost as though it was the same people as 15 years ago.

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A.Ray's colleague

B.a(chǎn) man in Ray' s hometown

C.Ray's relative in Africa

D.a(chǎn)n African woodcarving artist

2.What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraphs 2 -5?

A.Bull loved Africa and knew much about it.

B.Bull was good at making works of art.

C.Ray missed his hometown and relatives.

D.Ray missed the time he spent with Bull in his hometown.

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A.Ray visited Africa together with Bull many times.

B.Ray and Bull often went hunting together.

C.Zambezi is the name of a river in Hay a hometown.

D.Ray planned to stay in his hometown for about a week.

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A.Ray knew how to relax after keeping busy for along time.

B.Ray didn't want to leave his hometown because of so many memories.

C.Ray's hometown changed a lot and was worth a visit.

D.The visit to his hometown reminded Ray of the days together with Bull.

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B.Why Ray left his hometown alone.

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From:

<joseph_yana@orange.net> 

IP Address:

193.252.22.118 (originates from France) 

Date:

Mon, 02-Feb-2009 09:37:04am 

Attachment:

(No attachment)

Subject:

[G-Spam] PLEASE REPLY BACK. 

Message:

CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS PROPOSAL.

FROM THE DESK OF: MR. JOSEPH YANA.

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB)

BURKINA-FASO.

Dear Sir / Madam,

    I am the Bill and Exchange (assistant) Manager of the Africa development Bank, MR. JOSEPH YANA.

    In my department I discovered an abandoned sum of USD$9.900.000 in an account that belongs to one of our foreign customer who died along with his wife and two children in July 2000 in a plane crash. Since we got information about his death, we have been expecting his next of kin(近親屬) to come over and claim his money, but unfortunately we learnt that all his supposed next of kin or relation died alongside with him in the plane crash leaving nobody behind for the claim.

    It is therefore upon this discovery that I in my department now decided to make this business proposals to you and release the money to you as next of kin or relation since nobody is coming for it and we don't want this money to go into the bank treasury as unclaimed fund. The banking law and guidelines here says that if such money remains unclaimed after ten years, the money will be transferred into the bank treasury.

    The request of foreigner in this transaction is necessary because our late customer was a foreigner. We agree that 30% of this money will be for you as foreigner partner, 5% will be set aside for expenses incurred during the business and 65% would be for me, after which I shall visit your country for disbursement(開支) according to the percentages indicated. Therefore to enable the immediate transfer of this fund to you as arranged, you must apply first to the bank, and send your account number, your private telephone and fax number for easy and effective communication and location where the money will be sent.

    Upon receiving your reply, I will send to you by fax or e-mail the text of the application which you shall retype and fax to us. Trusting to receive your urgent reply through my alternative Email : jyana96 @ yahoo.co.id

    Best regards.

                                                     MR. JOSEPY YANA.

1. A foreigner who receives this letter should ________.

  A. be a close relative of the dead.               B. send hundreds of dollars to Africa

  C. go to African Development Bank for the wealth  D. not take it seriously.

2. Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. Many millionaires died in the plane crash.    B. Any money unclaimed will be given to a poor foreigner.

C. the division of the money seems quite reasonable. D. AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK doesn’t exist at all.

3. A person who believes “__________” will fall into it.

  A. Nothing ventured, nothing gained.      B. There's no such thing as a free lunch.

  C. All rivers run into the sea             D. A short cut is often a wrong cut

 

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