Many women write to me perplexed(困惑的) about why they can't form close friendships.They try new approaches，put themselves in all the right places，see therapists，and read relevant self­help books.They consider themselves interesting，loyal，kind，and friend­worthy people.But for reasons unknown to them，they have a tough time forming intimate relationships.Many admit to not having even one close friend.
A recent study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology offers some clues as to how both nature(personality) and nurture (experience) impact our friendships.Researchers at the University of Virginia and University of Toronto，Mississauga studied more than 7,000 American adults between the ages of 20 and 75 over a period of ten years，looking at the number of times these adults moved during childhood.Their study，like prior ones，showed a link between residential mobility and adult well­being：The more  times participants moved as children，the poorer the quality of their adult social relationships.
But digging deeper，the researchers found that personality—specifically being introverted (內(nèi)向的) or extroverted (外向的)—could either intensify or buffer (緩沖) the effect of moving to a new town or neighborhood during childhood.The negative impact of more moves during childhood was far greater for introverts compared to extroverts.
“Moving a lot makes it difficult for people to maintain long­term close relationships，” stated Dr.Shigehiro Oishi，the first author of the study，in a press release from the American Psychological Association，“This might not be a serious problem for outgoing people who can make friends quickly and easily.Less outgoing people have a harder time making new friends.”
Families often have to relocate—across town，across the country，or across the globe.Yet，in many cases，their kids and young adolescents haven't yet built up a bank of friendships.So the conventional wisdom is to try to minimize moves for the sake of your child，whenever possible，and to move at the end of the academic year.
小題1:The passage is written mainly to ________.
A．offer advice to women on how to form intimate relationships
B．explain how nature and nurture impact our friendships
C．explain how moves during childhood affect children
D．tell us how to help children make friends
小題2:Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?
A．People who moved less during childhood have better social relationships.
B．The more people moved during childhood，the more friends they have.
C．The more people moved during childhood，the better they adjust to society.
D．There is no link between residential mobility and adult well­being.
小題3:In order for children to maintain long­term close relationships，parents ________.
A．should not relocate their homes
B．should relocate their homes within the town
C．had better move at the end of the school year
D．had better move when their children couldn't build up a bank of friendships
小題4:We learn from the fourth paragraph that moves during childhood ________.
A．have a bigger impact on an introverted person compared to extroverts
B．have no impact on an outgoing person
C．a(chǎn)re a big problem for both introverts and extroverts
D．help children better adapt to a new environment
小題5:We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．our friendships are mainly affected by our nurture
B．we can move when children have made a lot of friends
C．the impact of moves will disappear when one reaches adulthood
D．there is some way to minimize the impact of moves during childhood on children

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:A
小題5:D

　本文主要說明了人們的性格以及后天的經(jīng)歷對人們交友的影響。
小題1:解析　主旨大意題。從第二段第一句可知，這個研究主要表明性格以及后天的經(jīng)歷對人們交友的影響。C項是童年時代搬家如何對人們交友產(chǎn)生影響，僅僅是后天的經(jīng)歷，概括不全面，故可排除。答案　B
小題2:解析　細節(jié)理解題。從第二段最后一句可知，人們童年時搬家次數(shù)越多，成年后的社會關(guān)系就越糟，反推可知A項正確。答案　A
小題3:解析　細節(jié)理解題。從最后兩段可知，為了孩子與伙伴能維持長期的親密友誼，父母最好在學期末搬家。答案　C
小題4:解析　細節(jié)理解題。從第四段可知，搬家對性格外向的人的影響要小于對性格內(nèi)向的人的影響。答案　A
小題5:解析　推理判斷題。從最后一段最后一句可知，有辦法減少搬家對孩子造成的負面影響。答案　D
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

(2013·高考天津卷)As I held my father’s hands one night，I couldn’t help but notice their calluses(老繭)and roughness.His hands tell the story of his life as a ____，including all his struggles.
One summer，I remember，a drought (旱災) hit Ontario，turning it into a ____ desert.On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last ____ from the grocery store.Fifty dozen was all we needed，which ___ took twenty minutes.That morning，however，the process didn’t ___ quickly.After forty minutes of aimlessly walking in the field，we ____needed twenty dozen.I was completely frustrated and ___.Dropping the basket heavily，I declared, “If the store wants its last twenty dozen，they can pick it themselves！”Dad ____，“Just think，my little girl，only ten dozen left for each of us and then we’re ____.” Such is Dad－whatever problem he ____，he never gives up.
____，the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our country.It was a challenging time for everyone，____ Dad remained optimistic.He ____ to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plates.Only then did I truly begin to ___ Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.
Dad is also a living example of real ____.From dawn to dusk，he works countless hours to___ our family.He always puts our happiness ____ his own，and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games ___ his exhaustion after long days.His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and ____，putting others first.
Dad，the life ____ I have learned from you will stay with me forever.You are my father，teacher，friend and，most importantly，my hero.
小題1:
A．teacherB．gardener
C．farmerD．grocer
小題2:
A．stormyB．lively
C．disappearingD．burning
小題3:
A．orderB．form
C．gapD．position
小題4:
A．repeatedlyB．normally
C．finallyD．really
小題5:
A．goB．begin
C．occurD．change
小題6:
A．yetB．still
C．evenD．nearly
小題7:
A．surprisedB．nervous
C．a(chǎn)ngryD．frightened
小題8:
A．a(chǎn)pologizedB．cried
C．complainedD．laughed
小題9:
A．lostB．done
C．goneD．touched
小題10:
A．meets withB．brings up
C．works outD．thinks about
小題11:
A．ThankfullyB．Hopefully
C．UnfortunatelyD．Strangely
小題12:
A．orB．for
C．soD．but
小題13:
A．happenedB．seemed
C．continuedD．a(chǎn)imed
小題14:
A．faceB．a(chǎn)ppreciate
C．examineD．question
小題15:
A．loveB．pride
C．friendshipD．honesty
小題16:
A．supportB．settle
C．start D．impress
小題17:
A．a(chǎn)fterB．before
C．besideD．under
小題18:
A．in spite ofB．in terms of
C．in control ofD．in place of
小題19:
A．carefulB．regretful
C．considerateD．humorous
小題20:
A．historyB．motto
C．patternsD．lessons

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A dense wave of smog began in the Chinese city of Harbin and the surrounding Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces on 20 October 2013. Unseasonably warm temperatures with very little wind across northeastern China coincided with the smoke from local farmers’ burning straws and the start-up of Harbin’s coal-powered central heating system.
Record densities of fine particulates(微粒)were measured in the city. In Harbin, the levels of PM2.5 (particulate matter) rise to 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter, worse than Beijing’s historic highs. Visibility was reduced to below 50m in parts of Harbin, and below 500m in most of the neighbouring Jilin Province. On Fa Yuen Street in Harbin, visibility of less than 5m was reported. The smog reduced after October 23, 2013 and completely broke up on October 28, 2013 by the first local snow and icy rain due to a cold front moving in from Russia.
Harbin lies in the north of China where winter temperatures can drop to -40℃, demanding a six-month heating season. Daily particulate levels of more than 40 times the World Health Organization recommended maximum level were reported in parts of Harbin. The smog remained till 23 October, when almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin,and Liaoning Provincesreported readings above 200μg/m³forPM2.5. PM2.5 is the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter in the air, with the WHO recommending a maximum 24-hour mean (平均值) of 25 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³). On the morning of 25 October, PM2.5 measurements in Harbin had fallen to an average of 123μg/m³.
All highways in the surrounding Heilongjiang Province were closed. In Harbin, all primary and middle schools were closed for three days and authorities stopped flights at the airports. Hospitals reported a 23 percent increase in admissions for breathing problems. However, this smog will have no influence on Harbin Ice Festival events later in December 2013.
Air pollution in Chinese cities is of increasing concern to China’s leadership. Particulates in the air can affect human health and also have influences on climate and rainfall. Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancy by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases.
小題1:One cause of the heavy smog in the northeastern Chinese cities may be _____.
A．the lasting cold weather
B．farmers’ burning of forests
C．too much strong wind
D．the start-up of heating system
小題2:One serious influence of the heavy smog was that_____.
A．Harbin Ice Festival would be cancelled
B．highways in Heilongjiang were free of charge
C．a(chǎn)ll flights at the airport were cancelled
D．doctors in hospitals were kept from working
小題3:The harmful smog was most serious on ______.
A．October 20B．October 23C．October 25D．October 28
小題4:What measure might be practical to reduce the happening of heavy smog?
A．Forbidding people to own their private cars.
B．Advocating people having one meal a day.
C．Using natural gas to cook instead of coal.
D．Encouraging family’s coal-fired heating.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

An English saying goes: “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” That means we should relax after a day’s hard work or we’ll be unhealthy.
Many students know that if they want to get ideal jobs with good salaries, they must do well in high school so they can enter good universities. Therefore, they spend all day studying without time to relax.
However, not all students can go to top universities even if they work very hard. Students are pressurized by parents and teachers who are just concerned about their studies and exam scores while ignoring their hobbies and individual differences. As a result, students are forces to work harder and harder. Furthermore, there is pressure coming from students themselves. They realize they have a slim chance of getting into a top university as competition is fierce. So, they put a lot of stress on themselves and stay in a nervous state day after day. If they keep it up,   they’ll suffer illnesses; both psychological and physical.
What students need is relaxation. This doesn’t mean that they should give up their ambitions and stop studying hard. It means “work while you work, play while you play”. If you can do this, you will improve your health greatly. You’ll feel yourself suddenly fresh, just like recovering from a terrible illness. You’ll find that your studies are not a burden(負擔) anymore.
小題1:The underlined part in the first paragraph might mean all the following EXCEPT______.
A．too much work may bring trouble to anyone
B．overwork without rest is sure to make one foolish
C．Jack becomes dull because he works too much
D．Anyone who doesn’t work will break down
小題2:What trouble have both the parents and teachers brought to the students?
A．They don’t know how to let the students relax.
B．They give too much burden for them to bear.
C．They don’t love those who work the hardest.
D．They fail to understand what the students need most.
小題3:What causes the student’ pressure from themselves?
A．That they don’t know how to get top universities.
B．That they want to relax but have no chance.
C．That they fail to relax themselves during their work.
D．That they think too much about the result of their work.
小題4:What is the passage mainly about?
A．What to do to relax yourself.
B．The serous situation for the poor students.
C．Some problems caused by the misunderstanding of learning.
D．How to be a healthy and successful learner.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

E­reading and e­books are slowly conquering the world.Compared to traditional paper books，e­books in some schools and universities attract more interest because the information flow seems much easier to manage and comes in a greatly higher quantity.
Japan is known for the reform­minded attitude towards the gadget(精巧裝置) world and for the fact that it is one of the first countries that encouraged in the educational system the emailing of homework.
The digital textbook looks like the logical step in the world of learning.It is natural but it is also completely untraditional.
The plan of the largest publishing companies to get in line with the trend is to save a large quantity of paper and make the kids become interested in learning using a cool gadget.Many USA universities and colleges have made students be used to the procedure of downloading the courses and of course the procedure involves interactive software and also the chance of using the computer.
The traditional education system is still unwilling when it comes to giving up books.The standard approach of information taught out of a book and Shakespeare read out of an old school novel makes studying English as traditional as it can be.
In a world where kids would rather see the movie than read a book，the digital age has brought along a completely different flavor to reading.Bringing that flavor in school will make teaching a greener and also a completely different matter.
小題1:Why are e­books so popular in the world?
A．It's cheap to buy.B．It's effective to use.
C．It's convenient to bring.D．It's the latest fashion.
小題2:Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “reform­minded” in the second paragraph?
A．Old­fashioned.B．Aggressive.
C．Rejecting.D．Progressive.
小題3:In America，the students are encouraged to________．
A．a(chǎn)pply the procedure of downloading the courses
B．communicate with their teachers using computer
C．research some interactive software for their studies
D．do their homework in computer instead of in paper
小題4:What's the author's attitude to the digital textbooks?
A．Being against.B．Being for.
C．Not mentioned. D．Being neutral.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When it comes to relationship, we spend a lot of time discussing their joys, but rarely talk about the pain when they break down. Yet most people have a story about a broken relationship.
For Jane Black, a six-year friendship ended when her friend was rude to one of her children. “After quite a few drinks at a party in my house, she said something rude to my child. I ended the friendship face to face at the party,” she says. “I didn’t realize what I was doing at the time, I was simply standing up for my child, but in her eyes any challenge was a betrayal.”
When Angela Thompson noticed a seven-year friendship disappearing, she let it go. “I didn’t know how to deal with the issue. I didn’t sit down for a grown-up conversation; I just walked away quietly.” The decision caused a reaction among Thompson’s other friends. “The other friends in the circle are the worst people when you are trying to break up with a friend,” she says. “They don’t want you to stop being friends, because it puts them in a difficult position. You get told to just get it over.”
Though we have plenty of measures for handling conflict at work or family fight, we still don’t have good ways of ending friendships. Do we sit down and properly break up, or just walk away? Psychologist Serena Cauchy has the following advice.
Don’t blame.
Talk about your needs and feeling rather than talking like a Dutch uncle.
Do talk about your needs.
Talk about why the friendship is not working for you—about how your needs aren’t being met.
Don’t gossip.
Negative talk hurts everyone involved and in some cases can make matters worse.
Don’t be so accessible.
If there is a common wish to conclude the friendship, then you can remove it.
小題1:How did Angela Thompson deal with her friendship when it went wrong?
A．She ended it face to face.
B．She left it as it was.
C．She turned to her friends for advice.
D．She made a direct challenge.
小題2:According to the third paragraph, we learn the other friends________.
A．will help you to fix a broken friendship
B．will choose either of the sides who broke up
C．will ask you to forgive each other
D．will be the worst people to break up with you at the same time
小題3:Which is NOT mentioned by Psychologist Serena Cauchy?
A．End the friendship if it can’t be renewed.
B．Don’t complain behind one’s back.
C．Express what you want and expect.
D．Sincerely talk about friends’ shortcomings.
小題4:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．A True Friendship B．When Friendships disappear
C．How Friendships LastD．Ways to Fix Friendships

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I grew up in a tiny Baltimore row house in a faraway mountain area. My parents ______ the necessities of life but they couldn’t give much more. If I asked my father for a pair of jeans, he would say, “ If you want them, make the money and buy them yourself.” He wasn’t being mean; he just couldn’t ______ them. From age 12 on, I did part-time jobs after school.
When I ______ from high school, I joined the navy. Soon I was in a boot camp(新兵訓練營) at Parris Island, S.C., where I learned that life in the navy centered around completing daily ______. These could be anything from cleaning the camp to conducting mock(模擬的) battles. Completing these tasks successfully ______ discipline, team-work and responsibility. It didn’t ______ whether you were black, white or Asian; everyone worked together for the ______ of the company.
I went on to graduate from the U.S. Naval Academic and later became an officer in the navy. The part of my job I ______ most was the consulting(咨詢) meetings I ______ with the family members of the men and women in my ______, trying to help them deal with the long periods of ______. These proved popular and word of them spread. Before long I was being asked to give encouraging ______ to business groups, educators and kids across the country.
But I consider the boot camp my first real ______, and my life is still guided by the ______ lessons I learned there. It taught me discipline, friendship and the pride related to setting a task every day and working hard to ______ it.
小題1:
A．providedB．gotC．madeD．bought
小題2:
A．payB．findC．produceD．a(chǎn)fford
小題3:
A．cameB．returnedC．escapedD．graduated
小題4:
A．drillsB．tasksC．exercisesD．reports
小題5:
A．includedB．a(chǎn)skedC．requiredD．met
小題6:
A．matterB．meanC．existD．work
小題7:
A．goodB．staffC．rest D．right
小題8:
A．tookB．hatedC．enjoyedD．did
小題9:
A．endedB．beganC．continuedD．held
小題10:
A．chargeB．situationC．positionD．choice
小題11:
A．lessonsB．meetingsC．trainingD．separation
小題12:
A．giftsB．descriptionsC．speechesD．performances
小題13:
A．vacationB．placeC．jobD．travel
小題14:
A．importantB．bitterC．normalD．difficult
小題15:
A．gainB．a(chǎn)chieveC．showD．match

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dear Alcohol,
You’ve been around forever. I can remember all the pain you’ve caused for me.
Do you remember the night you almost took my father’s life? I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He’s addicted to you, to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them. You just sat back and laughed as his car went spinning through the street, crashing into two other cars. He wasn’t the only one hurt by you that night.
Do you remember the night of my first high school party? You were there. My friends were intrigued by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again, drinking all of you that they could. I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen completely. “I’m so embarrassed,” they said as I held their hair back so that they could vomit (嘔吐). “I’m sorry,” they said when I called taxies for them, walking them out and paying the driver in advance. “This won’t happen again,” they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped. Two 15-year-old girls slept in hospital beds that night thanks to you.
Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons? Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car and killed the two people in the other car? He died the next morning too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson, and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. She didn’t realize her brother was in the midst of it all. She never saw him again. And it’s all your fault.
I wish you’d walk out of my life forever. I don’t want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you’ve caused. Sure, you’ve made people happy too from time to time. But the damage you’ve caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable. Stop luring (引誘) in the people I love. Stop hurting me, please.
Sincerely,Anonymous
小題1:What is author’s purpose in writing to alcohol?
A．To introduce Mr. Alcohol to the readers
B．To describe the harm alcohol did to his family.
C．To show how much alcohol can hurt people.
D．To show the great fun that alcohol can bring to people’s life.
小題2:What did alcohol do to the author’s father?
A．It made him crash into two other cars and took his life.
B．It made him drink too much and he had to get his stomach pumped.
C．It made him kill two other people when driving.
D．It made him get into a car accident and badly injure himself.
小題3:The underlined phrase “were intrigued by” is closest in meaning to ______.
A．were familiar withB．were interested in
C．were disappointed withD．were satisfied with
小題4:What is the tone of the article?
A．Critical.B．Doubtful.C．Unconcerned.D．Humorous.
小題5:What is the main writing technique of the passage?
A．Making something more noticeable than usual.
B．Representing something in the form of a person.
C．Describing something by listing its harmfulness.
D．Comparing one thing with another to make his point clear.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How did your friendships begin? Most start with a short conversation on a random day. Asking about a homework assignment in class or complaining about your painful legs after playing in a soccer game, you found your best pal by accident.
“Small talk is where all your relationships begin,” Forbes magazine summed up.
The following is a five-step guide to making small talk from Bernardo J. Carducci, the director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast, US. Let’s have a look.
Getting started
Begin by talking about the setting, such as the weather outside or the room you are in (“It’s cold in here, isn’t it?”). The purpose of talking about the setting is to show the other person that you are willing to make a conversation.
②The personal introduction
You should mention something about yourself, such as your name. A good personal introduction helps move the conversation forward.
③Looking for topics
At this point, you and your conversation partner need to find common ground. This is a good time to ask questions or to refer back to things you’ve said or heard earlier. Don’t worry if it gets quiet. The other person is probably just thinking of something to say.
④Expanding the topic
The goal is to keep the conversation going. At every stage, you should be careful not to talk too much. But don’t let the other person dominate the conversation either. If that starts to happen, mention something about yourself when he or she takes a breath.
⑤A polite ending
When ending a conversation, let the person know you’ll be leaving soon, express gratitude for the conversation and set the stage for a future conversation. For example, you could say, “I really must be going soon, but I had a great time chatting with you. I really liked hearing your opinion about that new movie. Here’s my phone number. Call or text me if you know of any other movies you think I might enjoy.”
小題1:According to the article, starting by talking about the setting is meant to ________.
A．find common groundB．impress the other person
C．make a conversationD．make the room warmer
小題2:What does the underlined word “dominate” mean in Tip④?
A．interruptB．controlC．a(chǎn)dapt D．simplify
小題3:When ending a conversation, you’d better ________.
A．talk about how much you want to keep talking
B．show that you’ve not enjoyed the talk
C．mention a specific movie that you love
D．give your opinion about the other person’s earlier comments
小題4:The main purpose of the article is to ________.
A．encourage students to make more friends
B．give students tips on making small talk
C．introduce popular topics for students
D．teach students how to create friendships

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